Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An intravenous injection of 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin induced not only diabetes but also severe hypertension in rats. Whereas the hyperglycemia developed fully within a few days after the injection of streptozotocin, the hypertension progessively advanced and reached maximum level several weeks after the treatment and lasted more than 20 weeks. Twenty mg/kg streptozotocin did not induce hyperglycemia but significantly increased blood pressure several weeks after the treatment. Arrest of growth, polyuria, glycosuria, hyperlipemia and lenticular cataracts developed in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, but in none of the animals treated with 20 mg/kg. In histological examinations in the 24th week after the treatment, degranulation and necrosis in the pancreatic beta-cells, and vacuolization and deposition of PAS-positive materials in the renal proximal tubules were found in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hypertension induced by streptozotocin in rats. 15 77

A 16-month-old black male infant had unusual thirst, polyuria, hyponatremia, and hypertension. His polyuria was unresponsive to vasopressin therapy, and his high blood pressure was not effectively controlled by antihypertensive drugs. Radiographic examinations revealed an occult Wilms tumor in the right kidney. After removal of the tumor, the signs and symptoms were relieved. The tumor had a renin activity about 280 times that of the adjacent renal cortex, and many intracytoplasmic secretory granules were found on electron microscopy. The pathogenesis of these clinical manifestations appears to be mediated through the physiologic pathways of renin-angiotensin II and renin-aldosterone.
 ...
PMID:Polydipsia, polyuria, and hypertension associated with renin-secreting Wilms tumor. 20 43

Fifteen cases of hypervitaminosis D in childhood are reviewed. In all of them, vitamin D was given following medical prescription. In four occasions, excessive dosage of vitamine D impaired the evolution of a previous nephropathy. The clinical, analytical, radiological and histological findings as well as the therapeutical aspects are commented. Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, polyuria with hypostenuria, renal failure, bone lesions and nephrocalcinosis are the most prominent features of the picture. Occasionally, arterial hypertension and glycosuria were found. Prednisone, thyrocalcitonine and phosphates were used as therapeutical means. In spite of nephrocalcinosis and renal failure generally present at diagnosis, the clinical course was rather good.
 ...
PMID:[Hypervitaminosis D. Review of fifteen cases]. 44 41

A series of 106 cases of polycystic kidneys in adults is presented. The main clinical, exploratory and therapeutic data are analyzed. The average age of the patients at the time of the first clinical manifestation was 35 years; average age at the time of diagnosis was 43 years. The most common forms of presentation included renal colics, blood hypertension, noncolic lumbar pain, macroscopic hematuria, and polydipsia-polyuria. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain of any type (73 patients), polydipsia-polyuria (66 patients), blood hypertension (61 patients), macroscopic hematuria (47 cases), episodes of urinary infection (41 cases), and passing of calculi (22 cases). Seventy-eight subjects had arterial high blood pressure; it was easily controlled in all except 14 cases. Proteinuria was slight in all except two cases. Values for hematocrit and hemoglobin remained high in relation to the degree of renal insufficiency. The mean value of hematocrit in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min was 30 percent. Renal function decreased gradually, from normal to a clearance of less than 10 ml/min over a period of 12 years on the average. Diagnosis was based mainly on abdominal physical examination and intravenous urography; 89 patients had palpable abdominal masses. Urography revealed typical images of polycystic kidney in every case. The following associated conditions were also discovered: liver cysts (17 cases among 57 liver scanning; bilateral ovarian cysts in one case; Cacci-Ricci's disease in one case; and cerebral arterial aneurysms in another patient. Treatment was conservative with the aim to control arterial blood pressure and urinary infection. Twenty-nine patients required saline replacement; peritoneal dialysis was practiced in two cases and permanent hemodialysis was prescribed for 15 individuals.
 ...
PMID:[Polycystic kidneys in adults. A clinical study of 106 cases (author's transl)]. 52 27

In a previously nephrectomized patient with a well functioning renal allograft, acute renal failure with massive polyuria and hypertension developed. Relief of a periureteric obstruction resulted in rapid correction of all three. Pathogenesis of hypotonic polyuria is thought to be a defect in the collecting duct permeability to water, stimulating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Normal urinary dilution and acidification suggest intact function of the ascending loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubules. The quick reversal of polyuria and renal failure after obtaining relief of the obstruction suggest that both the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and tubular dysfunctions are due to functional changes in the nephron rather than to organic damage, a possibility also borne out by the findings in a renal biopsy specimen showing normal glomeruli and intact tubular epithelial cells. Ureteric obstruction should be considered in any patient with renal failure and polyuria; it may be a correctable cause of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Obstructive polyuric renal failure following renal transplantation. 79 85

Acute renal artery stenosis in hydropenic dogs caused a contralateral increase in urine volume and free water clearance without change in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, or osmolar clearance. The increase in urine volume was not dependent on the development of hypertension since it occurred in animals pretreated with trimethaphan but was dependent upon angiotensin since it was presented with angiotensin blockade with Saralasin. The effect was not caused by angiotensin inhibiting antidiuretic hormone release since the polyuria occurred in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of 10 muU/kg per min of aqueous Pitressin. Since the rise in urine volume was associated with an increase in renal vein prostaglandin E concentration and was prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) the results suggest that the rise in plasma angiotensin after renal artery stenosis causes an increase in contralateral prostaglandin E synthesis with resultant antagonism to antidiuretic hormone at the collecting tubule.
 ...
PMID:Studies of the mechanism of contralateral polyuria after renal artery stenosis. 84 53

Among the atypical pictures of primary aldosteronism, sometimes, normal blood and urine concentration of aldosterone have been observed in association with an adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma. Here we report a case of atypical primary aldosteronism so characterized: -- the patient had the typical clinical findings of aldosteronism (hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, polyuria, etc). -- the patient exhibted all the biochemical abnormalities of primary aldosteronism: increase of exchangeable Na and of plasma volume, decrease of exchangeable K, etc. -- the patient had normal blood and urine levels of aldosterone. -- the patient's blood and urine aldosterone concentration increased following sodium depletion and K administration. Such increase was comparable with that obtained in normal subjects after the same tests. However, at the end of these tests, the patient was still in potassium depletion and sodium repletion. Therefore, it was concluded that the secretion of aldosterone, although normal in absolute values, was inappropriate to the metabolic status of the patient, since such "normal" values were found in association with conditions that should have produced an inhibition of aldosterone production. The catheterization of adrenal veins demonstrated the existence of a right adrenal adenoma. The blood pressure and the biochemical parameters of the patients have been normalized by right adrenalectomy.
 ...
PMID:[Physiopathological and functional semeiologic considerations in a case of primary normoaldosteronemic hyperaldosteronism]. 88 97

Nephronophthisis (previously described as familial juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease) is characterized by insidious renal failure, its main features being increased urinary sodium loss, pitressin-resistant hypotomic polyuria, polydipsia, normal urine sediment and absence of hypertension. Renal function and histologic studies were performed in a family in which two siblings had this disorder, while the parents and two other siblings appeared clinically normal. Both parents demonstrated a moderate impairment of maximum urinary concentration. The values for tubular free water reabsorption (TcH2O) were relativley normal in the parents and the healthy siblings. One of the index patients showed only minimal sodium wasting even though he had hyposthenuria, thus suggesting an involvement of the collecting ducts in the early stage of neophronophthisis. No evidence of proximal tubular dysfunction was found. Although the light-microscopic examination of renal biopsies from the parents and the healthy siblings was unremarkable, electron microscopy revealed probable abnormalities in all four. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is, therefore, suggested in this family. The etiology of nephronophthisis is obscure but a likely possibility is that the renal damage results from an inborn metabolic error.
 ...
PMID:Nephronophthisis. Renal function and histologic studies in a family. 88 91

Very fat people die earlier than people of normal weight because hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease are more frequent among the markedly obese. Most obese subjects, however, are only slightly overweight and their mortality is not elevated. Reasons for dieting are more often psychological than somatic. 2. Reducing diets are ineffective because the obese rarely follow them. Total fasting and intestinal bypass may provide better results, but are more dangerous. 3. Atkins' diet eliminates carbohydrates from food without restricting protein and fat intake. Deprived of carbohydrates, the body uses fat for fuel. A small part of metabolized fat is eliminated in the urine as ketone bodies, and this is why such diets are called "ketogenic". They have been known at least since 1863. 4. Caloric loss due to ketonuria does not exceed 100 Cal/day in the non-diabetic. It is maximal during total fasting and cannot be increased by a ketogenic diet. 5. In the short run, such diets produce rapid weight loss due to polyuria. On the other hand, refeeding carbohydrates causes water retention and weight gain. 6. The diet decreases appetite: patients eat less without feeling severe hunger and without measuring their food intake. 7. Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and nausea are frequent, despite what Dr. ATKINS claims. 8. The diet increases plasma cholesterol and uric acid. It may be dangerous in diabetes (anorexia, acidosis) and in heart or kidney failure (hypokalemia). 9. The diet, though far from good, is better than the book. ATKINS' theories are at best half-truths, and the results he claims lack credibility. The obese subject's disappointment with traditional reducing diets and the book's hard-sell style account for ATKINS' success.
 ...
PMID:[Dr. Atkins' dietetic revolution: a critique]. 89 45

A large number of individuals currently diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus are asymptomatic. In order to provide rational therapy for this patient population, it is necessary to focus upon the differences between these patients and the classic prototypes with polyuria and weight loss, who require insulin for survival. Patients with asymptomatic diabetes do not need insulin for survival, and, by definition, they do not need it to alleviate symptoms. They tend to be middle-aged and overweight, but they can be young and thin. Their degree of hyperglycemia is moderate, often indistinguishable from that of normal individuals in their day-to-day existence. Indeed, they can often be differentiated from normal persons only on the basis of their blood glucose response to the stress of a large dextrose challenge; in this regard, the potential problem of over-diagnosing diabetes has been discussed. Since the major problem facing patients with asymptomatic diabetes is accelerated atherogenesis, the therapeutic approach must be based upon efforts to delay or prevent the onset of vascular disease. It has yet to be shown that any therapeutic intervention helps such patients, but an argument has been made in support of the following goals in subjects with asymptomatic diabetes whose fasting blood glucose level is less than 170 mg/100 ml: (1) stop smoking, (2) control hypertension, (3) attain ideal body weight, and (4) maintain blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels well within normal limits. Attempts to lower blood glucose with either insulin or oral agents do not seem indicated in the majority of patients within this defined diabetic population.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus. 97 61


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>