Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The past decade has seen important progress in understanding the localization, pharmacology, and function of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes. At least seven subclasses have been shown to exist, and evidence is emerging to suggest further subclassification. Serotonin is involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g. feeding, sleep, pain, sexual behavior, temperature regulation) and pathophysiological ones. Serotonin reuptake blockers have been found effective in the alleviation of depression and attacks of panic, and are at varying stages of clinical evaluation in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain, and bulimia nervosa. Selective potent serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists show promise in the treatment of migraine, nausea and vomiting, schizophrenia, anxiety, hypertension, and Raynaud's disease.
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PMID:[New therapeutic possibilities with drugs affecting serotonin receptors]. 150 27

A case-control study was conducted 1) to determine whether maternal prenatal drug consumption increases the risk of neuroblastoma in the child and, if so, 2) to see if the size of the risk depends on whether the case is inherited or sporadic. Mothers of children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma (n = 101) were compared with mothers of children newly diagnosed with other forms of childhood cancer (n = 690). Cases and controls were selected from the population of childhood cancer patients at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, between 1979 and 1986. The patients' mothers were interviewed to ascertain their prenatal medication, alcohol, and tobacco consumption patterns. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to adjust for maternal age at birth, patient age at diagnosis, race, social class, exposure to x-ray, miscarriage, and other confounding variables. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the total sample and for subgroups that had a higher probability of containing inherited cases. Drugs associated with neuroblastoma case status include diuretics for hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 4.1, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.0-16.9), tranquilizers (OR = 2.1, 95 percent CI 1.1-4.3), nonprescription pain relievers (OR = 1.9, 95 percent CI 1.1-3.1), and cigarettes (OR = 1.9, 95 percent CI 1.1-3.2). The odds ratios for maternal prenatal drug consumption for the group with inherited cases and the total sample were approximately the same. This equality is inconsistent with predictors based on Knudson's two-stage model of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Influence of the mother's prenatal drug consumption on risk of neuroblastoma in the child. 151 82

Cross-sectional and prospective data were collected and analyzed to identify risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer disease in a population of 34,198 white, non-Hispanic Seventh-Day Adventists. On a life-style questionnaire administered in 1976, 3853 subjects reported ever having had a physician-diagnosed peptic ulcer for a lifetime prevalence of 13.5% for men and 11.0% for women. Odds ratios of greater than 2.0 (P less than 0.0001) were observed for use of "stronger pain relievers," current cigarette smoking, and history of rheumatism or other arthritis and coronary disease. For both sexes, lower but statistically significant odds ratios (P less than 0.05) were found for eating white bread, "snacking," ever having smoked cigarettes, low church involvement, poor dietary adherence, high blood pressure, rheumatoid arthritis, aspirin use, job frustration and dissatisfaction, having a "blue collar household," and having less education. During 3 years of follow-up, 154 incident cases of ulcer were identified. The average annual incidence was 1.7 per 1000. Multivariate adjusted relative risks were statistically significant for using stronger pain relievers (P less than 0.001), having rheumatic conditions (P = 0.006), and using aspirin (P = 0.013). These findings suggest that rheumatic disease and use of aspirin and stronger pain relievers are more important risk factors for development of peptic ulcer disease in certain populations than diet, life-style, or psychological or socioeconomic characteristics.
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PMID:A prospective study of risk for peptic ulcer disease in Seventh-Day Adventists. 153

This study measures and evaluates the effects of the CVD prevention programme which has been underway in the Canton of Tessin (Switzerland) since 1984. The programme was designed with the following objectives: --high blood pressure: each Tessin inhabitant should be aware of the admissible blood pressure limits, the consequences of surpassing the norm, as well as know his or her own blood pressure count and have it measured at least once a year; --tobacco consumption: a positive image of non-smokers is promoted, as well as the respect of non-smoker's rights. The population, particularly the young, are "invited" not to smoke; eating habits: each Tessin inhabitant will be provided with the information necessary to enable him/her to make rational choices concerning content in order to ensure a balanced diet, rich in fibres and low in saturated fats; activity: physical activity, at least 20 minutes three times a week, is promoted for all age groups; early warning symptoms:information will be provided to enable inhabitants to recognize indications of cardiac distress in order to diminish the time between the first pain and hospitalisation; A vast and varied information campaign was set up to pursue these objectives. Much of the campaign was implemented through use of various media (television, radio, daily and weekly press), and seconded with the periodic distribution of information tracts to all the households of the district. The mass media campaign was complemented with a variety of activities for all ages: from poster competitions, to the edition and sale of recipe books, to specific activities with professional and voluntary associations are a few examples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention of cardiovascular diseases is effective. Initial program evaluation of the canton Tessin (1984-1989)]. 154 22

In a randomized double-blind study, the effects of clonidine premedication as a sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic and oculohypotensive agent were studied in 100 elderly patients (62 to 65 +/- 10 years, ASA grade I-II) undergoing elective intraocular surgery under local anaesthesia. The control group (Group A, n = 50) received oral diazepam 0.15 mg/kg 120 min before surgery and Group B (n = 50) received oral clonidine 300 micrograms 120 min before surgery. Two hours after the premedication, there was significantly more sedation (P less than 0.05) and less subjective anxiety (P less than 0.05) in the clonidine group than in the control group. There was a significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) from 20 +/- 0.5 to 13 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P less than 0.05) in the clonidine group as compared to the control group. Perioperatively, significantly more supplementation with i.v. diazepam was given in the control group than in the clonidine group (P less than 0.01). The incidence of intra-operative hypertension (P less than 0.01) and tachycardia (P less than 0.05) was significantly greater in the control group than in the clonidine group. A significantly larger number of patients in the clonidine group scored a Post-Anaesthesia Recovery (PAR) score of 10 as compared to the control group (P less than 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for pain, number of analgesic requests and emesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oral clonidine premedication for elderly patients undergoing intraocular surgery. 154 37

Erythromelalgia is an unusual condition characterized by attacks of burning pain in the hands and feet with local congestion and increased skin temperature. We report a case of erythromelalgia, with transient hypertension and elevated urinary catecholamines successfully treated by hypnotherapy. Such an association has not to our knowledge been previously reported in English language publications.
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PMID:Erythromelalgia--the role of hypnotherapy. 156 Nov 90

A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma was held in Kyoto on September 7, 1990. The following subjects were presented: 1. Cohort study of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Hirayama). 2. Pathoepidemiological study on the background of occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Aoki). 3. Case-control study on renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Watanabe). 4. Geographic distribution of renal cell carcinoma in Japan (Dr. Minowa). 5. Pathological findings of small renal cell carcinoma (Prof. Yatani). 6. Pathoepidemiological study on occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Tsuchihashi). 7. Clinical evaluation of small renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Masuda). 8. Clinical (biological) characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Satomi). 9. Mass screening program for renal cell carcinoma on private urological clinic (Dr. Mishina). 10. Early stage detection of renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Ohe). 11. A review on the literature of epidemiology for renal cell carcinoma (Dr. Nakagawa). Possible risk factors reported for renal cell carcinoma were as follows: 1) Work in petroleum-related and dry-cleaning industries were positive risk. A predominant lifetime occupation as a professional was negative risk. 2) Milk or coffee consumption and use of artificial sweeteners were positive. Drinking of alcohol was negative. 3) Obesity was positive. 4) Personal history of cancer was positive. 5) Cigarette smoking was positive. 6) Exposure to radiation or hydrocarbon was positive. 7) Use of estrogen, diuretic and pain relievers was positive. 8) History of myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was positive.
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PMID:[A workshop on the high risk group and the preventive oncology of renal cell carcinoma]. 156 64

Hypertension has been found to be related to decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli. The current study explored whether this relationship extends into the normotensive range of blood pressures. Resting blood pressures were assessed in 60 male normotensives. Subjects then underwent a 1 min finger pressure pain stimulation trial. Pain ratings were inversely related to resting systolic blood pressure. This relationship was unrelated to emotional state or coping styles. Multiple regression analyses indicated that over one-third of the variance in pain ratings can be accounted for by resting blood pressure, coping style, and emotional state.
Pain 1992 Mar
PMID:The relationship between pain sensitivity and blood pressure in normotensives. 159 68

Between January 1985 and September 1989, 75 patients presenting with severe chronic pancreatitis with distal stricture and upstream dilatation underwent stenting of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) through the major papilla (n = 54) or minor papilla (n = 21) in order to drain the predominant duct through a 10F plastic prosthesis. All patients had undergone biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy with a few cases of complications, and the majority (84%) also ESWL in the period from October 1987 onwards without complications. Relief of pain (94%) occurred parallel to a decrease in the MPD diameter. In a mean follow-up period of 37 months improvement of the nutrition status and relief of pain was seen. Clogging of these large plastic stents was treated by replacement or by another endoscopic or surgical procedure. Complications were treated endoscopically. Further measures necessary due to failure of stenting consisted of laterolateral pancreatico-jejunostomy in 15% of patients and placement of self-expanding 18F metal mesh stents in 29%. There was no mortality due to surgery. It is concluded that stenting of distal strictures in the MPD can lead to rapid resolution of pancreatic pain due to ductal hypertension and is the best means for determining the cause of pain, providing an alternative to surgery. Significant improvement of a stricture by prolonged stenting is however unusual, and such patients treated endoscopically require close follow-up with stent replacement approximately once a year.
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PMID:Stenting in severe chronic pancreatitis: results of medium-term follow-up in seventy-six patients. 160 13

Topical and systemic steroids have proven to be invaluable agents in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, but their use is not without potential complications. Before initiation of therapy with systemic steroids, a personal or family history of cataracts, glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, renal stones, peptic ulceration, and current infection or pregnancy should be ascertained, because these patients have an increased risk of complications. Prior to long-term therapy with systemic steroids, blood pressure measurement, tuberculin skin test, and anergy panel are recommended. Monthly follow-up may include measurements of weight, blood pressure, electrolytes, and blood sugar and guaiac testing of the stool. To prevent the ocular complications of steroid therapy, routine screening is indicated (Table 1). Screening for cataracts, which occur most commonly as a sequela of continuous systemic steroid use, may be performed by slit-lamp examinations conducted three or four times a year for patients on long-term therapy and twice a year for patients taking intermittent topical ocular or systemic steroids. Glaucoma is more often associated with topical ocular or periocular steroids than with systemic steroids; recommended screening includes a baseline intraocular pressure measurement, then routine pressure measurements taken every few weeks initially, then every few months. Ocular rebound inflammation may develop secondary to rapid tapering or abrupt discontinuation of topical ocular steroid use and is best prevented with gradual tapering. Opportunistic infections of the eye include bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and are most often associated with the use of topical ocular steroids. Ophthalmologic evaluation is indicated promptly if patients treated with ocular steroids develop ocular discharge, pain, photophobia, or redness.
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PMID:Ocular effects of topical and systemic steroids. 161 9


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