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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments with the guinea pig ileum, trachea, and vas deferens, the rat fundal strip, the rabbit jejunum and aortic strip, and the toad heart indicated that 2-amino-1-p-nitrophenylpropane-1,3-diol, the hydrolytic product of chloramphenicol, inhibited smooth muscles. Its action was direct and not through any mediators. After intravenous administration, the compound produced vasodepression followed by an overshooting rise of blood pressure. Vasodepression was not mediated by adrenergic, cholinergic, or histaminergic mechanisms. Hypertension was a sympathomimetic effect. Muscle relaxant and cardiovascular effects of the compound were similar to those of chloramphenicol, although it had no antibacterial effect.
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PMID:Smooth muscle relaxant properties and vasomotor actions of 2-amino-1-p-nitrophenylpropane-1,3-diol. 90 58

Certain common but seldom recognized clinical features of renovascular hypertension peculiar to infancy are emphasized in this communication from the observations made in a 9-month-old infant. Failure to thrive, extreme irritability, hypotonia, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, and congestive heart failure are common clinical findings. Unless the physician is aware of this symptomatology or blood pressure is routinely obtained in all infants, the condition is likely to be missed. Renovascular hypertension is malignant and carries a high mortality but if diagnosed early may be cured by surgical intervention.
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PMID:Clinical features of renovascular hypertension in infancy: report of a 9-month-old infant. 115 42

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces was diagnosed in 41 infants on the basis of ultrasound and/or CT scan findings. 10 MHz transfontanellar ultrasonography is without doubt the most reliable investigation in this condition (skull-to-cortex distance greater than 5 mm). Patients with extracerebral collections due to a clearly identifiable pathologic process (e.g., prematurity, IUGR, neonatal distress, malnutrition) were excluded from the study. Macrocrania developed rapidly in 72% of patients, either as the single manifestation (30%) or with delayed motor development and hypotonia (30%). Other clinical patterns included evidence of intracranial hypertension (15%) and hypotonia without macrocrania (20%). The two main findings of this study were the high rate of familial forms and the severity of early hemorrhagic complications, i.e., spontaneous subdural hematoma (5/41 cases), with permanent neurologic impairment in some instances (2/5 cases). These complications call into question the benignity of this syndrome whose long-term outcome, particularly in terms of cognitive function, is as yet unknown.
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PMID:[Idiopathic pericerebral swelling (external hydrocephalus) of infants]. 146 2

In a prospective study of 12 patients undergoing operation for acoustic neuromas the hearing on the contralateral ear was tested before and systematically day by day after operation. In 11 cases a perceptive loss of at least 20 dB was found at one or more frequencies during the first 2 postoperative weeks. A maximal average threshold decrease of 16.5 dB was found in the treble (2.4, 8 kHz average), while a tendency of a more pronounced decrease of 19.6 dB was seen in the low frequencies (125, 250, 500 Hz average). After 3 months the hearing had normalized in all cases. The explanation for the transitional loss supports the present theory: The loss of cerebro-spinal fluid during operation diminishes the CSF pressure. This decrease is transmitted to the perilymph via the cochlear aqueduct producing a transitory perilymphatic hypotonia, which in turn hydromechanically results in a relative endolymphatic hypertension mimicking an endolymphatic hydrops thus representing a human hydrops model.
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PMID:Hearing decrease after loss of cerebrospinal fluid. A new hydrops model? 188 72

Eight pediatric accidental overdoses of diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil) are reported, and 28 literature cases are reviewed. This overdose is primarily an opioid intoxication, occasionally associated with atropine toxicity. Only 6 of 36 children showed signs of atropine overdose (central nervous system excitement, hypertension, fever, flushed dry skin). Contrary to popular belief, atropine effects occur before, during, or after opioid effects. Opioid overdose (central nervous system and respiratory depression with miosis) predominated or occurred without any signs of atropine toxicity in 33 cases (92%). Diphenoxylate-induced hypoxia was the major problem and was associated with slow or fast respirations, hypotonia or rigidity, cardiac arrest, and in 3 cases cerebral edema and death. Respiratory depression recurred 13 to 24 hours after the ingestion in 7 cases and was probably due to accumulation of difenoxine, an active metabolite of diphenoxylate. Recommended treatment is intravenous naloxone for depressed or inadequate respirations, followed by continuous intravenous naloxone infusion, prompt gastric lavage, repeated administration of activated charcoal, and close monitoring for 24 hours.
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PMID:Diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil) overdose in children: an update (report of eight cases and review of the literature) 195 58

Overdose of pentazocine (Talwin), an agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic, is relatively uncommon. Fifty-seven cases occurring over ten years are reported. Twenty-three patients (40%) had ingested only pentazocine and did not have the classic opioid toxidrome of CNS and respiratory depression with miosis. Most patients were awake, and no patient had a respiratory rate below 12/minute. Other findings included: grand mal seizures, hypertension, hypotonia, dysphoria, hallucinations, delusions, and agitation. Eleven of 23 patients received IV naloxone (0.4-2.4 mg), but only two showed improvement. Thirty-four patients (60%) had coingested pentazocine with one to five additional substances. Patients who had ingested pentazocine with alcohol, a sedative/hypnotic drug, or an antihistamine, showed increased toxicity, including apnea, deep coma, and recurrent seizures. One patient developed opioid pulmonary edema. One patient died. Three of five patients with coma and inadequate respirations responded to IV naloxone in doses of 0.4 to 1.2 mg.
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PMID:Pentazocine (Talwin) intoxication: report of 57 cases. 235 1

Cardiac conduction abnormalities and hypertension developed in a patient who ingested approximately 500 mg of baclofen (Lioresal). The patient also exhibited the more common features of baclofen overdose including coma, respiratory depression, hypotonia, and hyporeflexia. A review of the literature and a discussion of the interesting manifestations and treatment of baclofen overdose are included.
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PMID:Baclofen overdose with cardiac conduction abnormalities: case report and review of the literature. 301 74

Snoring usually is trivial and unimportant, but it can turn into a social or medical problem. Obesity, hypertension and heart disease are more frequent among snorers than among nonsnorers, and especially snorers with hypersomnia during the day are at risk. Hypersomnia in association with snoring usually signifies obstructive sleep apnea. Increased resistance in the upper airways, together with negative inspiratory pharyngeal pressure and muscular hypotonia during deep non-REM and REM sleep, lead to collapse of the pharynx, hypoxia and hypercapnia. Only after arousal from sleep does muscle tone return, pharyngeal obstruction reopen and airflow resume. Since this process can occur 300 or 400 times a night, repetitive alveolar hypoventilation leads to pulmonary-arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale, and the repetitive sympathetic activations can cause systemic hypertension or serious cardiac arrhythmias. The countless arousals deprive the sufferer of deep non-REM and REM sleep and their consequence is sleep fragmentation. The symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness, intellectual deterioration and personality and behavioral changes. Oronasomaxillofacial, endocrine and neuromuscular anomalies and diseases predispose to sleep apnea, and alcohol or CNS-depressant drugs can favour its occurrence. Diagnosis is made by nighttime oxymetry, and if this is abnormal, by polysomnography. After polysomnography it is possible to distinguish between obstructive and nonobstructive sleep apnea, and the decisions for an adequate treatment can be made.
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PMID:[Dangerous snoring. Sleep-apnea syndrome]. 331 92

A case of acute intoxication in a 60-yr-old woman who ingested 20 mg of clonidine is presented. The patient showed CNS depression (bradycardia, hypotonia) with systemic hypertension and peripheral vasoconstriction. She was treated with atropine and sodium nitroprusside. There was no recurrence and the patient recovered in 8 days.
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PMID:Clonidine overdose. 664 Dec 56

Identical twins with the Prader-Willi syndrome are reported. Apart from hypogonadism, hypomentia, hypotonia and obesity, they presented shorter than normal stature and the peculiar facies of this syndrome. Both twins also suffered from arterial hypertension with secondary hyperaldosteronism, an abnormality never previously recorded. The endocrinological study showed the presence of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in both twins. The GnRH and clomiphene tests suggested a hypothalamic disorder. Although the vast majority of cases with the Prader-Willi syndrome are isolated, the expression of this disorder in two identical twins enhances the possibility of a genetic determination.
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PMID:The Prader-Willi syndrome: neuroendocrine study of identical twins. 668 67


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