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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The work is based on the results of operations on the cerebellar dentate nuclei in 92 patients. In 42 of them, combined manipulations were carried out on the cerebellar dentate nuclei and the diencephalic structures (relay nuclei, median centre, pulvinar and subthalamus). Analysis of the results showed that stereotaxic destruction of the ventrooral parts of the cerebellar dentate nucleus is a very effective surgical manipulation in various forms of spastic dyskinesia. A natural decrease in the spastic component of the muscular hypertonia is the principal clinical effect of dentatotomy. Its effect on the rigid component of muscular hypertension is negligible. Combined manipulations on the cerebellar dentate nuclei and diencephalic structures are indicated in cases with combined spastic conditions and hyperkinesia which cannot be corrected by dentatotomy. The analysis of the results of combined interventions on the nuclear structures of the thalamus shows that pulvinarotomy is most effective, it reduces or corrects hyperkinesia in infantile cerebral paralysis and, in addition, causes diminution of the general hypertonia, of the upper extremities before all else. Proper rehabilitation treatment is the decisive factor in the final outcomes of stereotaxic intervention on the cerebellar motor systems and on those of the diencephalon in spastic forms of hyperkinesia.
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PMID:[Stereotaxic combined dentate-thalamotomy in the treatment of spastic-hyperkinetic forms of subcortical dyskinesias]. 39 18

A continuous infusion of ketamine, following an initial dose of 1 mg/kg, has been used as sole anaesthetic in over 200 adult patients. The pre-operative use of 4 mg lorazepam has made this acceptable with respect to emergence sequelae and dreams. The technique can be used with neuromuscular blocking drugs and controlled ventilation with air, but here pancuronium is best avoided because of excessive tachycardia and hypertension. Hypertonus was the main problem encountered in the non-relaxant cases. The amount of ketamine required for anaesthesia has been analysed in detail and recommendations on dosage are given. The cardiovascular effects have also been analysed in detail. There is a need for a similar investigation to be carried out in circumstances where inhalation agents are not available and where there is a shortage of anaesthetists.
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PMID:Ketamine infusions. Observations on technique, dosage and cardiovascular effects. 66 50

With modern specific diagnostic studies like isotope renography, angiotensin-infusion-test, peripheral venous renin assay, comparative assays of the renin activity in the individual renal veins, and angiography the renal and renovascular causes for hypertension become more and more significant. When it has been shown that the hypertension is caused by a constriction of the renal arteries, instant operative therapy is indicated. The rare case of a dissectioning arteriopathy of the renal arterial wall causing hypertonia is described.
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PMID:[Dissecting arterial disease of the renal vessels as a cause of hypertension]. 90 39

The frequency and significance of associated diseases and clinical problems in patients with nerve injuries in the recovery stage was statistically assessed. A variety of clinical situations are observed in practically all such patients. Half of the symptoms and diseases encountered relate to the nervous system and cardiocirculatory apparatus, while there is also a high incidence of skeletal muscle and urinary affections. The significance of these signs as far as rehabilitation is concerned can be seen in the fact that psychological and micturition disturbances are observed, along with muscle hypertonia, fibromyositis, cystitis and arthrosis. These form the more common obstacles to the regular execution of a rehabilitation programme, whereas no such significance is possessed by such serious diseases as valvular cardiopathy, hypertension and neoplasia of the neuraxis.
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PMID:[Clinical problems of neural lesions in the phase of rehabilitation. Their significance and importance in final success of rehabilitation therapy]. 95 Oct 35

A neurographic examination of 54 patients with essential hypertonia did not reveal any significant differences, from a control group, in the maximum rate of motor conduction of the ulnar nerve. An assocation of subclinical neuropathy with essential hypertonia cannot, therefore, be confirmed, thus denying the statement made by Viskoper and his coworkers and saying that the motor nerve conduction speed was an objective index for determining the severity of diseases characterized by hypertension.
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PMID:[The problem of latent neuropathy in essential hypertension]. 95 32

In the reported case, coarctation of the aortic arch (Coa) was the cause of hypertonia. Coa diminishes the expected lifetime, and operative treatment is required. PTA is contradictory in the treatment of coarctation. In the reported case coarctation was located on the aortic arch, and because of the risk of the operation PTA was performed. The dilatation was successful, hypertension resolved, and there was no significant difference in the blood pressure on the extremities. 16 months after the dilatation the patient is symptomless. The result of this case indicates that PTA of the Coa of the aorta is feasible. More experience is needed to establish its role.
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PMID:[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in atypical aortic coarctation in an adult patient]. 160 88

Even in patients with complete loss of sensation and paraplegia after cervical spinal trauma, abdominal operations usually require general or spinal anesthesia due to spasms and increased muscle tone. Both anesthetic types have serious drawbacks under these circumstances, e.g. hyperkalemia induced by relaxation or the impossibility of adequate monitoring of the level of spinal blockade. After an onset time of 1-2 h the intrathecal injection of approx. 100 micrograms baclofen, a spinally acting GABAB-agonist, led to complete and long-lasting suppression of surgically induced spasticity. This could be demonstrated by neurological examination (spasticity scores: Ashworth score, spasm score, clonus score) during 5 neurosurgical operations in 3 patients with paraplegia. Except for slight sedation, the patients had no discomfort during operation. Intrathecal baclofen was also effective against autonomic hyperreflexia, i.e. vegetative dysregulation such as bradycardia or hypertension, provoked by catheterization or bladder surgery.
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PMID:[Intraoperative suppression of spasticity using intrathecal baclofen]. 230 48

The natural history of Williams syndrome, including medical complications, growth patterns, and problems in adulthood, was investigated. A growth pattern characterized by delay in the first 4 years of life, catch-up growth in childhood, and low ultimate adult height was found. Despite multiple medical problems in infancy, including feeding problems, failure to thrive, colic, and otitis media, mean age at diagnosis was 6.4 years. Developmental disabilities and cardiovascular disease were the major concerns in childhood. The older children developed progressive joint limitation and hypertonia. Adult patients were handicapped by their developmental disabilities. Hypertension, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary problems occurred frequently. Independent living and competitive employment were limited less by the individual's physical problems than by the psychologic and adaptive limitations. Williams syndrome is a progressive disorder with multisystem involvement.
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PMID:Natural history of Williams syndrome: physical characteristics. 245 79

The effects of enalapril maleate were studied in a group of 6 patients with arterial hypertension, hypertensive cardiopathy, multiple metabolic disorders and habitual snoring. Earlier treatment with antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, antiadrenergics, calcium antagonists) had been suspended when a marked deterioration was noted in metabolic parameters and plasmatic electrolytes as well as extremely disturbed sleep. The latter is probably attributable to increased respiratory obstruction during the night as a result of the increased hypertonia of the muscles of the upper air ways due to low blood potassium as well as the central and peripheral effects of the antiadrenergic drugs. After the wash-out period there was a marked improvement in laboratory parameters that continued after treatment with enalapril maleate. In particular, apart from a further slight fall in blood cholesterol and uricaemia there was a statistically significant drop in triglyceride levels. The improvement in the laboratory parameters made it possible to reduce the doses of the drugs being taken for the metabolic disorders. A distinct improvement was also noted in the sleep disturbances especially the excessive drowsiness during the day. There was also a statistically significant drop in arterial, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure without any significant change in heart beat. The results indicate that enalapril maleate should be the treatment of choice for those patients in whom high blood pressure is accompanied by alterations to the main metabolic parameters and habitual snoring.
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PMID:[Treatment with enalapril maleate in patients with arterial hypertension, pluri-metabolic syndrome and habitual snoring]. 282 86

This report characterizes an atypical presentation of a thioridazine overdose. Clinical manifestations included wide Q.R.S. complex, hyperthermia, hypertension, hypertonia, and coma. Plasma catecholamine levels were markedly elevated. The patient was treated with dantrolene sodium and supportive care. The patient's condition improved over time, with questionable response to dantrolene sodium. Supportive care was the mainstay of treatment.
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PMID:Hyperthermia, hypertension, hypertonia, and coma in a massive thioridazine overdose. 339 Feb 52


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