Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic treatment with beta-blockers was interrupted abruptly in six patients with arterial hypertension. Three patients, who had experienced symptoms during a previous withdrawal, again complained of transient palpitations, tremor, sweating, headache and general malaise. A significant increase in standing blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was noted after 24 h. The standing HR reached a maximum after 48 h and had decreased significantly on the 7th day (p less than 0.005). There was a strong tendency to greater increase in standing BP and HR in the patients who experienced symptoms than in those who did not. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and prolactin did not change significantly. Thus, beta-blocker withdrawal symptoms are reproducible and are indicative of a transient sympathetic hyperresponse. The increased activity is not likely to be caused by increased production of circulating catecholamines, but rather by increased sensitivity of the beta-receptor.
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PMID:Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blocking agents in patients with arterial hypertension. Effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines and prolactin. 3 93

Pheochromocytoma is an infrequent cause of hypertension. In spite of its rarity, pheochromocytoma has assumed notorious importance because or a wide variety of clinical features associated with this syndrome. Hypertension remains the most important clinical lead. The presence of other features, such as severe headache, perspiration, palpitations or orthostatic hypotension, makes the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma likely. The diagnosis of this condition can be made with greater certainty than that of any other form of secondary hypertension. Pharmacologic tests are no longer used for evaluation purposes. Biochemical tests are the most important aids to diagnosis, provided highly specific methods are used to determine the levels of urinary catecholamines or their metabolites. Interference by various drugs should be avoided. Most of the pheochromocytomas are found in the abdomen, predominantly in the adrenals. Successful outcome of surgery depends critically on adequate preoperative preparation of the patient with adrenergic blocking drugs and proper intraoperative care. Surgery should only be performed in an institution with experience in treating these tumors. Invasive localizing procedures could be dangerous in patients with pheochromocytoma and are best avoided. Medical therapy proves to be quite successful for those patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgery and for those with demonstrated malignant tumor. The postoperative course in most instances is uneventful. The physician should be aware of familial forms of pheochromocytomas and screen all the hypertensive members of the patient's family for the presence of this condition. Pheochromocytoma, with its multiple facets, presents a challenge to the clinician; however, with prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, pheochromocytoma can often be cured. The improved management of patients with this potentially lethal condition is the result of better knowledge of biochemical pharmacology, improved preoperative, surgical and postoperative care.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma--recognition and management. 4 12

A 35-year-old man ingested food contaminated with lindane, an insecticide containing almost pure gamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Grand mal seizures and severe acidemia developed rapidly. The seizures recurred for nearly 2 hours, then ceased. In addition, the patient had muscle weakness and pain, headaches, episodic hypertension, myoglobinuria, acute renal failure and anemia. Pancreatitis developed 13 days after the ingestion of lindane. A muscle biopsy on the 15th day of illness demonstrated widespread necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres. The patient's condition improved and he was discharged 24 days after the onset of his illness. During the year following the poisoning the patient noted difficulty with recent memory, loss of libido and easy fatigability. One year after lindane ingestion the results of physical examination, including those for muscle power and bulk, were normal.
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PMID:Acute lindane poisoning with development of muscle necrosis. 7 42

Various combinations of hypertension, convulsion, severe headache, and cerebral haemorrhage appeared in eight thalassaemic patients after they had received 3--7 units of blood in preparation for splenectomy. Intracranial haemorrhage definitely developed in four patients, three of whom died. At necropsy the brains showed changes similar to those of hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage and hypertensive encephalopathy. It is believed that hypertension initiates this syndrome. Since the episodes often occurred days, as long as 15 days, after the last unit of blood was transfused, hypertension did not seem to result from volume overload, but probably from vasopressive substances provided by or occurring in association with multiple blood-transfusions. Host factors may also contribute.
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PMID:A syndrome of hypertension, convulsion, and cerebral haemorrhage in thalassaemic patients after multiple blood-transfusions. 8 May 27

60 migraine patients completed elimination diets after a 5-day period of withdrawal from their normal diet. 52 (87%) of these patients had been using oral contraceptive steroids, tobacco, and/or ergotamine for an average of 3 years, 22 years, and 7.4 years respectively. The commonest foods causing reactions were wheat (78%), orange (65%), eggs (45%), tea and coffee (40% each), chocolate and milk (37%) each), beef (35%), and corn, cane sugar, and yeast (33% each). When an average of ten common foods were avoided there was a dramatic fall in the number of headaches per month, 85% of patients becoming headache-free. The 25% of patients with hypertension became normotensive. Chemicals in the home environment can make this testing difficult for outpatients. Both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms may play a part in the pathogenesis of migraine caused by food intolerance.
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PMID:Food allergies and migraine. 8 28

Nine patients examined by arteriography were shown to have mycotic aneurysms involving the thoracic aorta, subclavian artery, renal artery, middle cerebral artery, hepatic artery, and splenic artery. Patients presented with sepsis, chest pain, mediastinal mass, headache, hypertension, and intraperitoneal bleeding. Etiologic factors included endocarditis, septicemia, drug abuse, and poorly controlled soft-tissue infection. Most mycotic aneurysms were virulent processes with rapid progression and only three of the nine patients (33%) survived. Since mycotic aneurysms may be associated with rapid progression and poor prognosis, early recognition is mandatory.
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PMID:Protean manifestations of mycotic aneurysms. 10 65

The frequent association between headache and hypertension has been recognized since the introduction of the sphygmomanometer. A cause and effect relationship proposed by early writers and widely accepted in the medical and lay community has been proposed, questioned and re-examined. The purpose of this review is to scan the literature on the subject, to present some factual data obtained from a 20 year follow-up study carried out at the Cardio-Vascular Clinic, Sydney Hospital and to summarize some personal views currently held on the relationship of hypertension and headache.
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PMID:Hypertension and headache. 14 Jun 51

Head pain can be a challenging, difficult, and interesting diagnostic problem. A detailed history and carefully performed and directed physical and laboratory examination will aid in the complex differential diagnosis--which includes structural disease of the eye, ear, nose, throat, teeth; trauma; central and peripheral nervous system infections and tumors; and various neuropathies of unknown cause. Systemic abnormalities such as hypertension are a frequent cause, as are emotional upset and tension. Other isolated and extremely rare causes, such as the anatomic abnormality of an elongated styloid process, cannot be discussed in a presentation of this length, but are included in the bibliography.
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PMID:Head pain. 17 88

In a 16-member black kindred with Fabry's disease, four hemizygous males had plasma alpha-galactosidase levels less than 6% and seven heterozygous females had plasma alpha-galactosidase levels between 10% and 50% of normal. A 16-year-old index male had hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal renal function, tortuous retinal veins, "myelin" inclusions in bone marrow macrophages, and intraepithelial inclusion bodies in the kidney. Scrotal angiectasia developed a year after diagnosis. The three other affected males had left ventricular hypertrophy and retinal vein tortuosity. Of the seven carrier females, five had frequent headaches, four had retinal vessel changes, three had proteinuria with normal renal function, and two had bundle-branch blocks on ECGs. There was no deuteranomalopia in this family, although the inheritance pattern of the Fabry gene is X-linked recessive.
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PMID:Fabry's disease in a black kindred. 22 50

A case of pheochromocytoma, which was discovered during the patient's admission for treatment of mandibular fracture, is presented. Pheochromocytoma represents a potentially life-threatening disease, but alsl is a curable cause of hypertension. Therefore, in spite of its low incidence, it is important that the oral surgeon consider it in his evaluation of the hypertensive patient, especially when associated symptoms of sweating, palpitations, and headache are present.
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PMID:Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma during treatment of a mandibular fracture: report of case. 27 77


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