Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were found 368 cases (4.5 percent) of diverticulosis of the intestine based on 8124 autopsies in the years of 1979 till 1988 with regard to their localisation, complications and accompanied diseases. In 174 of 368 cases clinical files could be examined and integrated in the evaluation. Sigmoid diverticula were most frequently followed from duodenal diverticula chiefly in the immediate vicinity of the "Papilla of Vateri". Constipation, stomachache, haemorrhoids and spasm of the anal sphincter were typical complaints. One during lifetime known diverticulosis was noted only approximately half on the autopsy application as a second disease. The autopsy results a complication of diverticula (mostly with a peritonitis) in 39 percent as the primary cause of death. Most frequently complication was a diverticulitis (in 16.8 percent refer to the total number). Arteriosclerosis, hypertension and/or diabetes (so called "civilization diseases") were in the main accompanied diseases, which were found too. Surgical intervention took place principal under suspicion of malignoma or as an "acute abdomen". Non-characteristic complaints (protraction by the physician) and the ignorance of the illness among the population (protraction by the patients) are disadvantageous to the identification of the diverticulosis. Because the diverticulosis as a disease of the economic developed countries represents a growing problem ought to direct more attention to prevention, which consists in application of food rich in ballast-substances and the treatment of the constipation.
 ...
PMID:[Diverticular disease. Pathology and clinical aspects based on 368 autopsy cases]. 174 79

Erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase deficiency was confirmed by the determination of its activity in blood and also by the high levels of both porphyrins and 5-aminolaevulinic acid in the urine of two siblings. They presented with a picture of porphyric attack characterized by abdominal colic pain, high blood pressure, tachycardia and severe constipation. The profile of both porphyrins and their precursors in urine and blood resembled lead poisoning. However, this was ruled out because both patients had normal blood levels of lead. Furthermore, porphobilinogen synthase activity did not normalize when it was determined in the presence of dithiothreitol or dithiothreitol plus zinc chloride. No other causes to account for a deficiency in porphobilinogen synthase activity were identified. The simultaneous occurrence of similar clinical and biochemical symptoms suggests that the same triggering factor was present. Because the activity of porphobilinogen synthase was less than 4% of normal values, it is possible that these patients were homozygotes with respect to this defect, which could explain the presence of clinical symptoms. We propose that this metabolic defect is not uncommon and it should be kept in mind when diagnosing of porphyrias or heavy metal intoxications.
 ...
PMID:Deficiency of porphobilinogen synthase associated with acute crisis. Diagnosis of the first two cases in Chile by laboratory methods. 189 53

Reports of adults with Williams syndrome (WS) have been rare. We have evaluated 13 adult WS patients and reviewed 16 case reports of WS in patients older than age 16 years. Adults in our study had progressive multisystem medical problems. Cardiovascular complications were common (12/13) including hypertension (8), supravalvular aortic stenosis (9), aortic hypoplasia (3), pulmonic artery stenosis (4), peripheral stenoses (3), and mitral valve prolapse (2). Joint limitation (12/13) was progressive, often accompanied by kyphoscoliosis and lordosis. Recurrent urinary tract infections in 6 individuals led to radiologic studies showing urethral stenosis in 2, and bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux in 3. Gastrointestinal problems included obesity (5), chronic constipation (7), diverticulosis (3), and cholelithiasis (4). Hypercalcemia was documented in 5 patients, although others had hypercalcemic symptoms (abdominal pain, polyuria, and constipation). One 45-year-old man had parathyroid hyperplasia. Previous reports likewise document significant morbidity. Thus, Williams syndrome in an adult appears to dictate aggressive evaluation and monitoring. Investigation of calcium metabolism should be undertaken in each adult WS patient.
 ...
PMID:Adults with Williams syndrome. 189 83

Patients (n = 150) were randomized to a 6-week, double-blind study to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of mirtazapine, amitriptyline, and placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder symptoms. Average daily modal doses were mirtazapine, 18 mg; amitriptyline, 111 mg; and placebo, 4.6 capsules. Mirtazapine- and amitriptyline-treated patients had statistically significantly greater mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score reductions (weekly visits 1, 2, 4, and endpoint) compared to placebo. These findings were supported by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS); and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales. Somnolence and weight gain were the only adverse clinical experiences (ACEs) reported substantially more often by mirtazapine-treated patients than by those in the placebo group. However, more amitriptyline-treated patients reported decreased visual accommodation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, constipation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, discoordination, dizziness, and tremor than mirtazapine- or placebo-treated patients. Results of this study indicate that mirtazapine is more effective than placebo in the treatment of these patients, and superior to amitriptyline in respect to anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects.
 ...
PMID:Mirtazapine vs. amitriptyline vs. placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder. 223 55

The health-related behaviour of the Cape Peninsula coloured population, which has been shown to have an adverse coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor profile, is reported. Private medical services were used most often by participants: 54.1% and 51.6% of males and females respectively had made use of these services during the preceding year. Only 17.9% and 21.8% of males and females respectively had attended day hospitals during the year. Blood pressures were measured in 43.8% and 57.1% of male and female participants respectively during the year preceding the study. The results indicated the need for the measurement of blood pressure to determine the true prevalence of hypertension, since patient reporting of the condition was inaccurate. Attempts to give up smoking had been made by 44.4% of male and 47.1% of female smokers. About 75% of the participants were found to have hypercholesterolaemia, yet their knowledge of the prudent diet was poor and few reported appropriate dietary modifications to protect against CHD. Frequent reporting of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and constipation by the study population highlights the need for dietary education. Mortality rates (MRs) for CHD and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) for the coloured and the white populations were compared. In all age groups white males had higher MRs for CHD than coloured males, while coloured females older than 34 years had higher rates than their white counterparts. The coloured population had MRs for CVD that were higher than those of whites.
 ...
PMID:Health actions and disease patterns related to coronary heart disease in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula. 237 37

From a hemodynamic point of view, the calcium antagonists represent an interesting way of treating hypertension, because they reduce total peripheral resistance without compromising cardiac output. Blood flow is also maintained during muscular exercise. Verapamil and diltiazem induce slight reduction in heart rate, but this is compensated by increase in stroke volume. Verapamil and diltiazem also prolong atrioventricular conduction time, in contrast to the dihydropyridines. Most clinical data are available for verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine. In patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, these compounds seem as effective as diuretics and beta-blockers. They do not induce disturbances in glucose metabolism, serum uric acid, or serum potassium, and unwanted disturbances in blood lipids have not been described. The dihydropyridines may safely be combined with beta-blockers, but the combination of either verapamil or diltiazem with a beta-blocker should be avoided (because of the high risk of bradycardia). The calcium antagonists seem particularly useful in patients with the combination of hypertension and angina pectoris or peripheral vascular diseases or chronic obstructive lung diseases or diabetes. They are also effective in hypertensive crises. They may also be tried as a first line drug in patients with mild and moderate essential hypertension, particularly when diuretics or beta-blockers are contraindicated. Temporary side effects due to vasodilatation (headache, flushing, and palpitations) are seen frequently, particularly on the dihydropyridines. Edema is the most frequent serious side effect of the dihydropyridines, and constipation is most common with verapamil. At this point, few long-term data are available and it is not known whether the calcium antagonists will give better or worse results, with respect to morbidity and mortality, than the beta-blockers, diuretics, or other more recent antihypertensive agents.
 ...
PMID:Clinical use of calcium antagonists in hypertension: update 1986. 245 35

We have treated 128 patients aged 40 +/- 9 years (60 males and 68 females), all with essential hypertension (W.H.O. I and II), over a period of 10 yr. The treatment was performed with clonidine at a dose that ranged from 0.150 to 1,200 mg (twice daily). Forty-two patients also received a diuretic (HCTZ 25 mg daily). Mean blood pressure decreased significantly from 169 +/- 10 mm Hg systolic, 107 +/- 3 diastolic to 145 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) 90 +/- 3 mm Hg diastolic (p less than 0.001). Side effects occurred during the first month. These were drowsiness 28%, dry mouth 35%, constipation 13%, dizziness 9%, postural hypotension 2%, and male impotence 3.3% (2/60). Side effects still present after 120 months of treatment were drowsiness 11.7%, dry mouth 26.6%, constipation 14.1%, dizziness 4.7%, and male impotence 1.7% (1/59). The number of patients who discontinued treatment resulting from side effects were 3.34%, all of them within the first 6 months. There were no changes in renal or liver function or in serum electrolytes or lipids. Retinopathy improved in most patients. Electrocardiogram (ECG) improved in 45 patients with LVH. It is concluded that clonidine provided sustained blood pressure control with minimum side effects during 10-year therapy for hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Safety aspects of long-term antihypertensive therapy (10 years) with clonidine. 245 59

In an open multicenter trial (uncontrolled study) in 4,247 patients (49.1% male, 50.9% female; aged 17-89 years) with mild, moderate, or severe hypertension, the antihypertensive efficacy and in particular the tolerability of verapamil slow-release (SR) 240 mg (Isoptin RR) were studied. The dosage of the drug was adjusted to the therapeutic response; in 88.7% of the patients it was titrated according to the study protocol: 63.2% received constantly one SR tablet throughout the 6-week treatment period; in 15.6% the dosage was increased to one and a half tablet after 2 weeks, and in 9.9% to one tablet b.i.d. after a further 2 weeks. Monotherapy with verapamil SR 240 mg normalized diastolic blood pressure (less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) in 90% of the patients with mild hypertension, 77% of those with moderate, and 61% of those with severe hypertension. It was evident that blood pressure reduction was more pronounced the higher the baseline value. Cardiac and extracardiac tolerability of verapamil SR 240 mg was good. Mean heart rate was slightly reduced, none of the patients developed a second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. Side effects were reported by 480 of the 4,247 patients (11.3%). As expected, constipation (4.03%) was the predominant adverse reaction, followed by dizziness (3.65%), headache (1.54%), and other (less than 1%). In 217 patients (5.1%) therapy was discontinued prematurely, in 139 (3.27%) because of side effects.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy and safety of verapamil SR 240 mg in essential hypertension: results of a multicentric phase IV study. 247 86

The efficacy of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker in slow-release form, 240 mg once a day, was assessed in 1,412 ambulatory, mildly to moderately hypertensive patients. Blood pressure decreased from 171.82 +/- 17/103.55 +/- 6 mm Hg at week 0 to 157 +/- 15/93.6 +/- 8 mm Hg at 2 weeks (p less than 0.001) in 78% of patients. At week 12 there were 1,249 patients (88%) controlled with therapy, either with verapamil alone (950 patients, 67%) or plus additional diuretic (21%). Blood pressure showed a mean decrease of 24.6 mm Hg in systolic and 17.2 mm Hg in diastolic pressure at week 12. Heart rate decreased from 81.4 +/- 11 beats/min at week 0 to 75.69 +/- 8.5 beats/min at week 12 (p less than 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the effect on diastolic blood pressure between elderly (greater than 65 years) and nonelderly patients in the study, although the elderly showed higher baseline systolic pressure (178.27 +/- 17 mm Hg vs. 168.97 +/- 16 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) than did nonelderly patients. Verapamil therapy produced a similar effect on systolic pressure (p = NS) in younger patients (23.96 mm Hg decrement) and in the elderly (25.93 mm Hg decrement). The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 16.58%, accounting for 1.06% of patients' withdrawals. Constipation (5%) was the most common side effect. We conclude that slow-release verapamil, 240 mg once a day, is an effective therapeutic alternative in systemic hypertension, and must be included in the first step of antihypertensive therapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with verapamil slow-release in outpatients. Collaborative Group of the Spanish League for the Fight Against Hypertension. 247 87

Sixty-five cases of mental depression were treated with maprotiline (Ludiomil), including 46 cases of endogenous depression, 18 cases of neurotic depression and 1 case of depression in association with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. Ludiomil of 50-200 mg/d was given for 4 weeks and clinical pictures evaluated weekly. Clinical results showed complete recovery in 33 cases (50%), improvement in 22 cases (34%), fair in 7 cases (11%) and poor in 3 cases (5%). Dry mouth, constipation and faintness were the commonest side effects. Seizure occurred in 1 case and skin rash in 3 cases. The authors suggest that Ludiomil at a maximal dosage of 150 mg/d can be considered a relatively safe and effective antidepressant.
 ...
PMID:Maprotiline (Ludiomil) treatment of mental depression--a clinical report of 65 cases. 259 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>