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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study group of 2,457 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, 30 patients had coronary arterial ectasia, an irregular dilatation of major vessels up to seven times the diameter of branch vessels. The frequency of hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram and history of myocardial infarction was greater than that in a control group with obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients with ectasia did not differ from patients with obstructive disease in sex, age, prevalence of angina or presence of metabolic abnormalities. Six deaths occurred in the group with ectasia during a mean follow-up period of 24 months (annual rate of 15 percent). Extensive destruction of the musculoelastic elements was evident, resulting in marked attenuation of the vessel wall. The short-term prognosis in this group is the same as in medically treated patients with three vessel obstructive coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Clinical significance of coronary arterial ectasia. 110 31

Evaluation of the results of surgery for coronary artery disease requires a knowledge of the clinical course of patients not having this mode of treatment. To obtain such information we performed a retrospective analysis of the fate of 266 patients with arteriographically documented significant stenosis following from one to ten years. For the entire group the five year survival was 73%. Subdivided into single, double or triple vessel disease categories the percent five year survival rates were respectively 92, 65 and 55. A history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction prior to angiography did not affect survival. However, hypertension, congestive heart failure, abnormal hemodynamics or left ventricular asynergy were all associated with a diminished five year survival, the values being respectively 61%, 38%, 62% and 58%. These results should be of VALUE IN ASSESSING THE PROGNOSIS OF NONSURGICALLY TREATED PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.
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PMID:Prognosis in coronary artery disease. Angiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical factors. 110 13

1. There were significant correlation between hyperlipidemia and obesity, hypertension, abnormal ECG and abnormal eyeground. 2. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was closely associated with hypertension but not with hyperlipidemia. 3. It was proved that hypertension with both hyper-Ch and hyper-TG was highly related to the development of cerebral infarction. 4. It seemed that the incidence of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris was related to hypertension with hyper-Ch. 5. Therefore, the present study suggested that the control of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was useful for the prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The epidemiological study on the correlation between serum lipids and cerebro-cardiovascular disease. 111 82

Dermatoglyphic studies were carried out on 800 Japanese subjects. Digital dermal pattern types were classified into true whorls, double loops, ulnar loops, radial loops and arches. Both total and absolute ridge count were recorded. Subjects with hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were compared with the remaining group of others who had not yet developed any of these disorders. Individuals with myocardial infarction had a significantly higher frequency of true whorls and a correspondingly lower frequency of ulnar loops than the control group. Total and absolute ridge counts were also significantly higher in myocardial infarction. Individuals with hypertension and angina pectoris were not significantly different in most dermatoglyphic traits from the controls. These observations suggest that antenatal factors may contribute to the etiology of myocardial infarction in man.
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PMID:Dermatoglyphic traits in patients with cardiovascular disorders. 111 53

In a population of 744 diabetics composed mainly of elderly female patients, 172 developed hypertension after the onset of diabetes. Compared to normotensive diabetics, they had an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p less than 0.001), cerebral accidents, ischemic disorders of the lower limbs and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.05); they are frequently insulin-dependent and difficult to manage. In 173 other indivuals the diabetes emerged several years after the hypertension. This group was characterized by relatively easily controlled blood sugar and increased prevalence of angina and myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001). The association of hypercholesteremia with hypertension increases the risk of coronary disease (p less than 0.02) and, to a lesser degree, of glomerular insufficiency. The prevalence of coronary symptoms increases with obesity (p less than 0.05) while retinopathy increases with insulin dependence (p less than 0.001). From this information it may be concluded that the importance of various risk factors in the diabetic chiefly varies according to the vascular territory involved: cerebral vascular accidents occur mainly in hypertensives, while the presence of retinopathies, proteinuria and peripheral ischemia is directly related to the diabetes and particularly to insulin dependence. The risk of coronary lesions increases considerably when hypertension is added to the diabetes, with an even greater risk in the case of a diabetic, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic nexus.
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PMID:[Factors of arterial and renal complications in diabetes]. 112 60

Measurement of the sinus node recovery time has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for recognition of the sick sinus syndrome. The latter is most frequently encountered in elderly patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. In order to provide normal values for the sinus node recovery time in this particular population group, atrial pacing studies were carried out in 30 subjects over 50 years of age, all with peripheral vascular disease and some with angina pectoris (10), residua of infarction (6), or hypertension (7). On stimulation, 7 patients maintained a I:I atrioventricular conduction up to the rate of 180/min. Second degree atrioventricular block developed in all other cases. On six occasions, Wenckebach's periods appeared at the relatively slow pacing rate of 120/min. The maximum postoverdrive pause ranged from 680 to 1600 ms with an average of 1100 ms plus or minus 190 (10). For each pacing speed, a correlation was found between the duration of the pause and the control intrinsic cardiac rate, longer pauses being associated with longer resting PP intervals. Beyond 120/min, the duration of the pause was seen to shorten progressively as the driving rate was increased. Finally, the behavior of the sinus node pacemaker following interruption of pacing showed individual variations. After pacing at relatively slow rates, a prompt return to near control values was consistently observed, whereas, after fast rates of driving, a phase of secondary depression developed in about one-half of the studied cases.
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PMID:Sinus node recovery time in the elderly. 112 18

Significant reduction of angina threshold (145 Imp./min to 134 Imp./min) and increase of ST-segment depression (0.13 to 0.17 mV) indicating progression of coronary artery disease was seen in 34 subjects studied by atrial pacing at intervals betion (0.22 mV to 0.12 mV) during exercise, which correlated significantly with decrease of heart rate (121 to 110 beats/min), is interpreted as consequence of diminished sympathetic activity and myocardial O(2)-demand. The change of hemodynamic parameters during controlled exercise does not allow evaluation concerning the progress of coronary artery disease, whereas cardiac stress test with atrial pacing is reproducible. There was no difference in relation to reduction of angina threshold between the group after combined longterm medication with nitrate and ss-blocking agent and the control group. Plasma lipid abnormalities were predictive of subsequent reduction of angina threshold. Severe 2 and 3 vessel obstruction was seen more frequently in patients exhibiting reduction of angina threshold. Level of uric acid, obesity, hypertension, age, combination of risk factors, the initially studied myocardial lactate production and angina threshold during exercise and atrial pacing had no predictive value concerning reduction of angina threshold.
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PMID:[Course of coronary disease. Evaluation of prognosis and progression of coronary insufficiency with atrial pacing and ergometry]. 113 Jan 29

The clinical and pathological data from 46 patients who died during or shortly after coronary bypass surgery and one patient who died shortly after angiography were studied. Each patient was placed into one of three clinical categories of angina pectoris. Twelve were classified as having unstable angina pectoris, 20 as stable severe angina, and 15 as stable moderate angina. No significant difference was found between the three catagories whem age, sex, presence of hypertension, lipid abnormalities, diabetes, smoking, family history of myocardial infarction, or history of previous mycardial infarction were examined. Most patients in all classes of angina had extensive atherosclerotic coronary disease: 12 patients had triple vessel plus left main disease; 25, triple vessel disease; nine double vessel disease; and only one, single vessel disease. There was no difference in severity or distribution of coronary disease when the three catagories of angina were compared. Thirty-six of the 47 patients had evidence of scarring of one or more aspects of the left ventricular wall. There was likewise no significant difference between extent and distribution of myocardial scarring between the three clinical categories. Four of the 12 patients with unstable angina pectoris had pathologic evidence of preoperative myocardial infarction, whereas this was not found in any of the 35 patients with stable angina.
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PMID:Pathology of stable and unstable angina pectoris. 113 96

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was completed by 101 patients 16 to 18 months after a proved myocardial infarction. The data suggested a bimodal distribution of patients. One class of patients had a relatively "normal" personality score apart from a tendency to hypomania. The second class had severe depression, with associated hysteria, hypochondriasis and psychasthenia. The severely depressed patients were older, with a greater tendency to hypertension and angina, and a tendency to smaller gains in aerobic power despite an equal intensity of endurance training. The distinction between "normal" and "depressed" postinfarction patients seems of some clinical importance, for the two classes of patients require opposite supportive techniques--restraint and encouragement, respectively.
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PMID:Depression after myocardial infarction. 114 70

Although unusual, coronary artery disease does occur in young women. It may be present to a severe degree between ages 20 and 30, but a typical history of angina pectoris by no means assures the presence of significant coronary artery disease. Proof that oral contraceptives predispose to coronary artery disease is lacking. It seems wise not to recommend them to young women with other known risk factors. Significant risk factors in a group of 1000 women under age 50 studied by cinecoronary arteriography for the evaluation of chest pain included cigarette smoking, hypertension, hypercholesteremia, and glucose intolerance. Combinations of factors increased the risk. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in themselves did not seem to increase the risk of coronary artery disease, but did seem to enhance it in combination with other factors. Electrocardiographic evidence of transmural myocardial infarction without significant coronary artery disease was more common in young women than in young men. Cinecoronary arteriography may possibly be performed after resolution of more severe lesions related to lysis of emboli or thrombi. Special conditions may temporarily increase myocardial oxygen requirements. Angia-like chest pain has been described in patients without significant coronary artery disease. Many have normal electrocardiograms and no known risk factors. Spasm has been mentioned among many possible causes, but is very difficult to tell whether or not underlying atherosclerotic lesions may be present. Whatever the cause, the prognosis for patients with angina-like chest pain and normal coronary arteriography seems excellent; early death is a rarity and improvement is common.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in young women. 114 65


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