Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We wish to determine what cellular and functional alterations are associated with the development of glomeruloscierosis when rats with one kidney are fed an excess of salt or protein. Rats with one kidney are more likely to develop pronteinuria and glomerulosclerosis than control animals. Blood pressure recordings indicate that proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis occur before hypertension is evident. Fluorescent antibody studies disclose that albumin accumulates in the epithelial cells of glomeruli and tubules. Ultrastructural examination shows that vacuolozation of epithelial cells and basement membrane thickening precede the sclerotic collapse of capillary loops. Increased concentrations of sodium or urea that are found in urines of these rats favor the point of view that an elevation of solute load when combined with a reduction of renal mass will on some unknown manner accelerate the deterioration of glomeruli.
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PMID:Protein overload nephropathy in rats with unilateral nephrectomy. A correlative light immunogluorescence and electron microscopical analysis. 4 49

Experiments have been done on rats, rabbits and baboons to elucidate the role of the cranial sympathetic nerves originating in the superior cervical ganglia in the regulation of local cerebral blood flow, including its autoregulation, and in blood-brain barrier functions. Flow was measured by the [14C] ethanol technique, thermoclearance, and xenon-133 clearance. Blood-brain barrier functions were studied by the extravasation of an Evan's blue-albumin complex and by calculation of brain uptake index for two compounds (noradrenaline and inulin). Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves reduces regional flow to a degree that is related to the amount of local perivascular innervation. The breakthrough of autoregulation during induced systemic hypertension is prevented by bilateral stimulation of the superior cervical ganglia. Acute sympathectomy markedly enhances the vascular penetration both at normotension (tested by brain uptake index for noradrenaline and inulin) and rapidly induced hypertension (evidenced by extravasation of Evans' blue). This extravasation of Evans' blud during acute hypertension can be counteracted by sympathetic nerve stimulation. The results give further support for the view that the cranial sympathetic nerves afford an efficient control of the cerebrovascular bed.
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PMID:Influence of the cerebrovascular sympathetic innervation on regional flow, autoregulation, and blood-brain barrier function. 9 65

The blood-brain barrier to intravascular Evans blue-albumin was opened in monkeys and rabbits by infusing isotonic saline for 15 s into the common carotid artery, when the external carotid was clamped temporarily and the lingual was catheterized for measuring pressure. Barrier opening correlated better with infusion pressure than with infusion rate, and occurred at carotid artery pressures above 170 mmHg. Systemic hypertension induced by Aramine increased barrier vulnerability by causing a higher net carotid artery pressure to be attained at a given infusion rate.
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PMID:Blood-brain barrier opening by isotonic saline infusion in normotensive and hypertensive animals. 10 49

Serum lipoproteins of 25 patients with uncomplicated renal diseases were studied with polyacrylamide gel block electrophoresis. (1) In the nephrotic syndrome (or nephrotic phase of nephritis), marked increases of chylomicrons, pre-beta lipoprotein or beta lipoprotein and decreases of alpha lipoproteins were detected in the most of the patients. Qualitative change was also frequent as in the glomerulonephritis. (2) In the renovascular hypertension, metabolism of serum lipoproteins was involved also. The principal abnormality was in alpha lipoproteins including the lipid-loaded albumin. Marked increases of alpha lipoproteins, to the level equal to or more than beta lipoprotein, was detected in 2 of 3 patients studied in this period. Surgical correction of abnormal physiology had resulted in a return to a normal lipoprotein profile. (3) In the glomerulonephritis confirmed by biopsies, serum lipoprotein abnormalities were detected more frequently than in the reported past studies as analyzed with the method employed in this study. Qualitative as well as quantitative abnormalities were in beta lipoprotein and alpha lipoproteins in the early and middle phase of the disease process. Gross qualitative change occured frequently. Furthermore, lipoprotein abnormalities in renal diseases were reversible; i.e., when the disease had ameliorated or was corrected surgically, the lipoprotein profile returned to the normal or near-normal profile. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that serum lipoprotein disorders are involved in the disease process of three major clinical entities of the renal diseases.
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PMID:Studies on serum lipoproteins in renal diseases. 19 63

Purified peptidyl dipeptidase (angiotensin I converting enzyme or kininase II) from human lung or hog kidney is inhibited by commercially prepared plasma protein preparations, by human serum albumin and by the additive albumin stabilizer, acetyltryptophan. After the initial steps of purification, albumin was detected by immunodiffusion as a component in human lung peptidyl dipeptidase preparation. Fragment C of albumin (sequence 124-298) is a more potent inhibitor than the parent molecule (Ki = 1.7 X 10(-5)M). Reduction and carboxymethylation of five of the six S-S bridges in Fragment C yield the most potent noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki = 3 X 10(-6)M). Reduction of the sixth bridge raises the K1. This indicates that maintenance of the tertiary structure in Fragment C is of importance for the inhibition. Neither albumin nor Fragment C are substrates of the enzyme. Fragment C and its derivative also inhibit the inactivation of bradykinin by the purified human enzyme and by the peptidyl dipeptidase on the surface of intact cultured human endothelial cells.
Hypertension
PMID:Inhibition of human peptidyl dipeptidase (angiotensin I converting enzyme: kininase II) by human serum albumin and its fragments. 23 85

Bovine albumin (BA: 2 mg/kg-1, i.v.) produced a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure accompanied by central venous hypertension and bradycardia in pentobarbital-anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing, bovine albumin-sensitized adult domestic fowl. Trasylol (a potent inhibitor of kallikreins) suppressed acute systemic anaphylaxis. Polyphloretin phosphate (an effective antagonist of PGF2alpha) also inhibited the cardiovascular responses to antigen and PGF2alpha. Sodium meclofenamate and phenylbutazone showed varying degree of blockade of cardiovascular responses to exogenously administered chemical mediators (bradykinik, PGF2alpha, SRS-A and to a lesser extent of histamine, 5-HT and acetylcholine) and antigen. Indomethacin (virtually devoid of receptor blocking activities toward exogenously injected chemical mediators) inhibited anaphylaxis. The results of this investigation strongly suggested an important role of vasoactive lipids and polypeptides in avian anaphylaxis.
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PMID:Acute systemic anaphylaxis in adult domestic fowl--possible role of vasoactive lipids and peptides. 31 23

Diazoxide is given by rapid intravenous injection for the urgent reduction of high blood pressure in patients with all grades of renal function. Oral diazoxide produces less consistent effects. Protein binding of diazoxide is reduced in renal failure and this can be related to reduction of albumin concentration. There is a relation between impairment of renal function and the hypotensive effect of rapidly injected diazoxide. This is explicable in terms of the greater concentration of free (unbound) drug achieved after rapid injection in patients with renal failure. Renal clearance of diazoxide and its metabolites is impaired in renal failure but this is unlikely to affect its activity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and response to diazoxide in renal failure. 32 7

Labeled IgG was evaluated versus labeled albumin for measurement of plasma volume, to see whether it would give a smaller initial dilution volume (indicating a smaller premixing extravascular loss of label) and a smaller difference between initial dilution volume and dilution volume at time 10 min (indicating a negligible extravascular loss in the first 10 min after mixing). IgG was found to have a lower transcapillary escape rate than albumin (P less than 0.01) in eight normal volunteers and in eight hypertensive subjects, hypertension being associated with an increased transcapillary escape of both proteins. Despite this, the dilution volumes obtained were indistinguishable and the need for a correction through a retropolation procedure was the same with both proteins. Albumin and IgG dilution volumes were highly correlated in 21 subjects (r=0.977) so that use of labeled IgG is a proper alternative to use of labeled albumin for plasma volume determination. However, since IgG brings no consistent advantage, labeled albumin remains the best available tracer for that purpose.
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PMID:IgG versus albumin for measurement of plasma volume in normal and hypertensive men. 36 85

Acute experimental hypertension induces protein leakage in the brain. The protein is thought to be, at least to a great extent, transported through the endothelial cells by pinocytosis. An anion transport inhibitor, 4 acetamido-4-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, markedly reduced adrenaline or bicuculline-induced leakage of 125IHSA and Evans blue-albumin in all areas of the rat brain. The preventive effect of dexamethasone was less pronounced and no effect was seen of haloperidol.
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PMID:Prevention of protein extravasation in the brain by an anion transport inhibitor in acute experimental hypertension in rats. 45 24

Plasma inorganic phosphorous, glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were determined in 14-week old turkeys from lines genetically determined for high and low blood pressure. The turkeys received a commercial grower diet (control), control + 10% animal fat, or control + 10% animal fat and 1% cholesterol. Concentrations of uric acid in plasma were higher (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than in the other dietary groups, and the high blood pressure line had significantly higher (P less than or equal to .05) concentrations of uric acid in plasma than the low blood pressure line. Turkeys fed the diet containing added cholesterol had higher levels (P less than or equal to .05) of total plasma cholesterol than those receiving the other diets. Alkaline phosphatase levels of plasma were significantly lower (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than the other dietary groups. There were no other effects within either of the genetic blood pressure lines that indicated blood pressure had any influence on blood plasma constituents other than uric acid, nor was there any indication that dietary treatment had any effect within either blood pressure group. Blood pressure and plasma constituents were not correlated.
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PMID:Blood plasma constituents in 14-week old hypertensive and hypotensive strains of turkeys. 67 61


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