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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats (SHR) weighing 240 +/- 10 g with spontaneous hypertension were given intraperitoneally porcine prolactin in doses from 0.2 to 2000 micrograms/kg of body weight. The systolic pressure was measured before hormone administration and 2 hours after it. It was found that prolactin in doses of 200 to 2000 micrograms/kg caused a decrease of the systolic pressure by 22%. The dose of 20 micrograms/kg decreased this pressure by 9% and the dose of 0.2 microgram/kg by 7.9%.
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PMID:Hypotensive action of prolactin in rats with spontaneous hypertension. 653 14

Current knowledge on renal sodium handling during the neonatal period is reviewed with particular reference to its clinical implications. It has been demonstrated that fractional sodium excretion is inversely proportional to the maturity of the neonate. The high rate of urinary sodium excretion in the low-birth-weight premature infants results in sodium depletion, hyponatraemia and hypoosmolality; evidence has been provided to indicate that it may contribute to the development of late metabolic acidosis, failure to gain weight and impaired function of the central nervous system. When challenged by salt loading, a significantly more marked natriuretic response could be seen in preterm than in full-term neonates. Acute sodium overdose may cause iatrogenic hypernatraemia and neonatal intracranial haemorrhage. Long-term high sodium intake may induce salt and water retention, peripheral oedema, increased intracranial pressure, congestive heart failure, reopening of the ductus arteriosus and hypertension in adult life. Alterations in salt balance even in the very low-birth weight premature infant result in adaptive changes in the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renal prostaglandin E and F2a production and plasma prolactin level. When drug therapy known to affect renal sodium handling such as indomethacin, furosemide, dopamine, aminophylline and glucocorticoid is prescribed in the perinatal period, neonatal salt and water balance should carefully be monitored.
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PMID:Renal aspects of neonatal sodium homeostasis. 661 73

The effects of acute audiogenic stress, with or without simultaneous nicotine treatment (0.3 mg/kg i.v.), on catecholamine levels in discrete dopamine and noradrenaline nerve terminal systems of the hypothalamus, and on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones and of corticosterone, were studied using quantitative microfluorometric evaluations of catecholamine stores and radioimmunoassays for the determination of serum hormone levels. Audiogenic stress and nicotine induced very rapid and discrete decreases in noradrenaline levels in the subependymal layer (SEL), in the parvocellular part of nuc. paraventricularis hypothalamic (PA FP) and in the posterior periventricular hypothalamic systems, (PV II); the decreases were apparent 2 min following the onset of treatment. Increases of arterial blood pressure were observed after nicotine treatment but could not have been a major factor in producing the changes in catecholamine levels. These changes in NA levels may be related to the nicotine- and stress-induced increases of ACTH (SEL and PA FP) and prolactin secretion (PV II) found in the present experiments. Stress enhanced the rapid but variable increase in vasopressin secretion induced by nicotine, suggesting one possible mechanism by which stress combined with smoking can contribute to the development of increased arterial blood pressure and finally to sustained hypertension.
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PMID:Rapid and discrete changes in hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems induced by audiogenic stress, and their modulation by nicotine-relationship to neuroendocrine function. 661 38

The antihypertensive efficacy of co-dergocrine mesylate (a mixture of dihydroergocornine mesylate, dihydroergocristine mesylate, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine mesylates; Hydergin) and its effects on heart rate, plasma catecholamines, catecholamine excretion and plasma prolactin was tested in 12 elderly hypertensive patients. Co-dergocrine mesylate (6 mg or 12 mg, 1 or 2 tablets once a day) caused a significant reduction of the blood pressure during rest and under physical stress without a reactive increase of the heart rate. Plasma norepinephrine and prolactin as well as urinary excretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine were not affected by co-dergocrine mesylate. The therapeutic advantage of co-dergocrine mesylate for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of co-dergocrine mesylate on catecholamines and prolactin in elderly hypertensive patients]. 668 57

With a view of the prevention as well as treatment of cancer and other diseases, it is important to quantify health positively and on an individual basis by chronobiologic methods. These include the assessment of the characteristics of certain circadian, circannual and other endocrine rhythms and trends, for the recognition of risk (prior to the occurrence of a given disease) by an alteration of the same rhythm characteristics and even by a time-specified single sample. With this aim in mind, a small number of selected (rather than randomly picked) women of 3 age groups was extensively sampled for 12 plasma hormones around the clock and the calendar, in 2 geographic locations. Such data revealed correlations of the familial risk of developing breast cancer with the circannual amplitudes of circulating prolactin and TSH. The risk of several other conditions was also correlated with hormonal rhythm characteristics; for example, the risk of developing diseases associated with a high blood pressure was correlated with the circannual amplitude of plasma aldosterone. The mapping of circannual characteristics, however, is time-consuming and costly and may not be warranted as a first step, for example when a physician is not in a position to wait for a year to make a diagnosis. With the possibility in mind that sampling requirements may be reduced to one or at most two samples, a chronobiologic pattern discrimination analysis was undertaken on the original data from young adults. The results are presented to indicate the method and to suggest the singling-out of certain variables for further testing on a larger, properly stratified and randomized sample, rather than as definitive results. Different classifiers and different corresponding reference values from variables that undergo circadian and circannual rhythms may perhaps withstand the test (and, with Vergil, the tooth) of time. If so, reference values that are time-specified may well prove to be a sine qua non in the assessment of certain neuroendocrine aspects of developing certain diseases, including breast cancer.
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PMID:Toward chronobiologic pattern discrimination of the risk of developing breast cancer and other diseases. 676 84

To assess the potential of antihypertensive drugs for interference with somatic growth and sexual development in hypertensive children, the effect of clonidine therapy on various endocrine, cardiovascular, and neuromuscular functions has been examined in five male adolescents with idiopathic hypertension. In studies done before and at the end of 4 weeks of twice-daily clonidine therapy, in an average daily dose of 0.31 mg, no significant effects were noted in the secretory patterns of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, cortisol, aldosterone, or testosterone, measured in blood obtained every 20 minutes for 24 hours. In blood obtained while the patients were supine and then erect, plasma renin activity and norepinephrine levels were significantly lowered after clonidine therapy. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise were little altered beyond a 17% decrease in maximal oxygen consumption. The performance of fine motor skills was minimally altered. These data provide preliminary evidence that clonidine, an antihypertensive drug that affects the adrenergic nervous system, may not interfere with normal growth and maturation in adolescent males.
Hypertension
PMID:Effects of clonidine on 24-hour hormonal secretory patterns, cardiovascular hemodynamics, and central nervous function in hypertensive adolescents. 676 72

Some investigators have reported that plasma prolactin levels are elevated in hypertensive men and that both their hyperprolactinemia and hypertension were controlled by bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. They concluded that reduced central dopaminergic activity may be a factor in maintaining essential hypertension. We examined the serum prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), metoclopramide (a dopamine antagonist) and bromocriptine in 10 normal and 10 hypertensive normoreninemic men. TRH caused significant increase of both prolactin and TSH and metoclopramide caused significant increase of prolactin in both normals and hypertensives. Bromocriptine suppressed prolactin and TSH significantly in both groups. There were no significant differences in prolactin and TSH levels between the normal and hypertensive groups before or during the tests. These results provide no support for the hypothesis that alterations in the activity of central dopaminergic neurons are involved in the maintenance of the elevated blood pressure of normoreninemic men with essential hypertension.
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PMID:Is normoreninemic essential hypertension caused by disordered central dopaminergic regulation? 677 64

Serum prolactin levels were examined in women with pill-associated hypertension since changes in serum prolactin levels also reflect changes in transmission of dopamine. 20 women whose blood pressure elevated during use of oral contraceptives had higher serum prolactin levels than did 20 normotensive pill users (31 vs. 16 mcgm per liter) and 20 nonpill users (14 mcgm); the correlation of elevated arterial pressure with elevated prolactin was P.005. After the pill was discontinued, the blood pressure of each hypertensive woman dropped to normal range by the end of the first posttreatment cycle; however, the serum prolactin levels continued to be higher than those of normotensive pill users and those of nonpill users. In 1 patient an elevated prolactin level persisted after 12 months of nontreatment (50 mcgm/liter). This increase in serum prolactin level was unrelated to age differences or mode of treatment; hence, it was thought to reflect an alteration in dopaminergic transmission in patients with oral contraceptive-related hypertension.
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PMID:Elevated prolactin levels in oral contraceptive pill-related hypertension. 678 45

Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin were measured in patients with hypertension treated with propranolol (34 cases), methyldopa (13 cases), and methyldopa + propranolol (11 cases). The results were compared with those obtained in 18 controls (hospital out-patients). There were no differences in these hormone concentrations in the various groups, and no difference between those complaining of impotence (13 cases) and those with normal sexual function. Impotence in hypertensive men on treatment with methyldopa cannot be explained by abnormalities in secretion of the reproductive hormones.
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PMID:Plasma sex hormone concentrations in men with hypertension treated with methyldopa and/or propranolol. 679 50

The authors have observed a case of phaeochromocytoma revealed by fever and poor general condition without hypertension. Urinary catecholamine assays showed predominant dopamine secretion. Only 13 cases of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma have been published so far, including 4 with clinical symptoms resembling those of this patient. The metabolic and hormonal effects of high plasma dopamine levels were studied, and responses similar to those observed with TRH stimulation by dopamine infusions were obtained: TSH and prolactin responses were inhibited, and GH was increased. This case underlines the need for catecholamine assays, including dopamine, in patients with unexplained fever and apparently non-secretory adrenal tumour.
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PMID:[Dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma. A little known clinical and biochemical entity (author's transl)]. 680 62


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