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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This retrospective review of pediatric patients with pituitary tumors causing onset of symptoms by 17 years of age was done to define their pathological distribution, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis. Eighteen patients were evaluated and treated from 1979 to 1989. Five had Cushing's disease and 13 had prolactin-secreting tumors. The mean age at the onset of symptoms was 14.7 years, with a range of 7 to 17 years. The mean follow-up period was 4.6 years, and the series consisted of 15 girls and 3 boys. Four of the 5 patients with tumors secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone were girls. The five patients exhibited obesity, hypertension, and growth retardation. The mean age of this group of patients at diagnosis was 12.2 years, and all had intrasellar lesions removed by the transsphenoidal approach. Adenoma was documented in 4 cases by histopathology. There was complete resolution of the endocrinological and clinical abnormalities in each case. The group of patients with prolactinomas comprised 11 girls and 2 boys, and their mean age at diagnosis was 15.7 years. The girls exhibited either primary or secondary amenorrhea. Seven had macroadenomas and 4 had microadenomas. Nine of the 11 girls underwent transsphenoidal resection, and surgery failed in 6, based on hormonal or radiological data. The two boys had suprasellar tumor extension and required multiple surgical procedures plus radiation therapy for control of the tumor mass.
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PMID:Pediatric pituitary tumors. 194 30

Twelve endocrine variables in blood from a small number of clinically healthy adult women were sampled systematically around the clock and the seasons. Pattern discrimination methods singled out certain hormone values in certain seasons as classifiers for a high vs low risk of developing diseases associated with a high blood pressure. Further evidence in support of such classifiers is obtained on data from adolescent, menstrually cycling young adults and post-menopausal women, here analyzed as pool of series, with the scope of the data from any one age group greatly extended by a resampling procedure, namely, by bootstrapping. This mathematical approach was carried out on data series around the clock and seasons on several hormones as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Classifier roles were strongly supported for plasma aldosterone and thyroid stimulating hormone, originally by an analysis of variance and, in the case of aldosterone, by circannual cosinor analysis and by numerical resampling. Circannual bootstrapping, a procedure recommended for broad routine use as a safeguard for hypothesis testing, was also done for plasma cortisol, dehydro-epi-androsterone sulfate and prolactin, variables for which (parametric) analyses of variance and cosinors did not reveal any difference between groups at high and low cardiovascular risk. In these instances, bootstrapping results are tentative and await further analyses. Results show the ability of circannual bootstrapping to detect outliers. Identification of classifiers provides cost-effective endocrine checks complementing the targeted automatic monitoring of blood pressure. Circannual indices for risk evaluation are, however, costly in several ways since it takes at least a year and quite a few samples to estimate them reliably. Accordingly, we also extended the scope of previous results by the application of an added procedure for circadian bootstrapping. With circadian as well as circannual bootstrapping, we here illustrate a major potential component of a system of chrono-engineering for health maintenance. This system should start with focus on the newborn. The results on adults here analyzed are likely to be more prominent in the neonate, to the extent that they are genetic in origin, yet amenable to modification by the extra-uterine environment.
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PMID:Human mesor-hypertensive chronorisk. 208 92

In 58 female patients with the primary empty sella (PES) syndrome, a study of the CSF dynamics was done by evaluating both the absorptive reserve by a lumbar infusion test at constant rate, and/or the ICP increase occurring during REM phase of nocturnal physiological sleep. In 33, prolactin (PRL) dynamics were also investigated evaluating both the response to sequential stimulating test with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide (MCP) and/or the circadian variation of PRL levels. Impairment of CSF dynamics was found in the 84% who had a hormonal pattern characterized by an increase of the PRL response to TRH and MCP and a decrease of the PRL circadian variation. Twenty-one patients with impaired CSF dynamics underwent CSF shunting procedures with disappearance of the signs of intracranial hypertension. They also had restoration of normal PRL dynamics but the endocrine alterations improved only moderately. Altered CSF dynamics play a role in the pathogenesis of the PES syndrome. A correlation between elevated ICP and the hypothalamo-hypophyseal control of PRL secretion may exist.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and prolactin in empty sella syndrome. 210 18

The case of a male child with Russel's syndrome due to a pilocytic astrocytoma located in the diencephalic region is presented. The diagnosis was made in the 16th month of age, but symptoms began in the 4th months of life, when he started losing weight. By the time he was admitted weight was 6150g and he was 74cm tall, with an emaciated aspect, no panniculus adiposus, irritated, and with symptoms of intracranial hypertension. There was convergent strabismus, vertical nystagmus of the left eye and bilateral papilledema. Tendinous reflexes were exacerbated and he had spastic tetraparesis. The endocrine evaluation showed a basal raise of GH (23ng/ml), TSH (6.2mUI/1) and prolactin (26ng/ml). The first two hormones did not respond to the acute test with TRH, while prolactin had a poor response. He was submitted to radiotherapy with linear acceleration (total dose of 4000 rads) and surgery, during which the tumor could not be completely removed due to its large size. After 9 months, the child is doing well, with a considerable weight gain (2500g).
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PMID:[Russel's syndrome: diencephalic tumor in a child]. 211 20

Prolactin adenomas seem rare in Dakar. Only 4 cases were confirmed by a series of 63 Intracranial Expansive Processes (ICEP) in the sella area recorded between 1972 and 1987 at Fann U.H.C Neurological and Neurosurgical Unit. These ICEP are dominated by craniopharyngiomas. From analysis of observations on four women aged between 20 and 38 years is may be concluded that: 1. Patients consult late for this amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome associated with intracranial hypertension and reductions in the field of vision. 2. On the paraclinical level: angiography reveals voluminous ICEP in the sella region with sub-sellar expansion; dosage with prolactinemia was only possible in 2 cases (of which 1 was post operational), which underlines the difficulties of carrying out this examination and its high cost despite its obvious usefulness in diagnosis and therapeutic supervision. 3. All operations were accompanied by histological study of the operational part which confirmed prolactinemia. Bromocriptine is the best medicine to be employed before or after the operation, and, in one case, allowed preoperational prolactinaemia to be reduced. 4. Classical X-rays of the skull centred on the sella turcica, and prolactinaemia medication for any amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome, should lead to a better understanding of the incidence of prolactin adenomas in this area.
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PMID:[Prolactin adenomas in Dakar]. 213 89

The effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma prolactin, and renin activity were examined in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 30 patients with essential hypertension (15 given drug, 15 placebo). Captopril, 25 mg administered orally, reduced the blood pressure and increased the plasma renin activity. Captopril decreased mean plasma prolactin from 17.5 +/- 1.4 ng/mL to 9.1 +/- 1.0 ng/mL (p less than 0.001). Significant correlation was found between captopril-induced change from control values of plasma prolactin (delta plasma prolactin) vs delta plasma renin activity (r = -0.688, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that acute administration of captopril was accompanied by a reduction in plasma prolactin and that this reduction may be of clinical significance during therapy of hypertension.
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PMID:Effect of captopril on plasma prolactin in patients with essential hypertension. 219 85

Plasma prolactin was measured weekly in 280 preterm infants. The complex gestational age dependent pattern of postnatal prolactin release has been defined and reference standards provided. Plasma prolactin was higher in girls, with increasing divergence between the sexes from the third week onwards, and higher after two weeks, in infants of mothers with pregnancy related hypertension. Diet, assigned randomly, exerted a major effect on plasma prolactin, with significantly higher values in infants fed donor breast milk or standard formula than in those fed a protein, energy, and mineral enriched preterm formula. After adjusting for confounding factors, infants with the lowest plasma prolactin concentrations (less than 1000 mU/l, 32.9 micrograms/l) occurring usually at a nadir between days 5 and 12, showed a 120% increase in the duration of ventilatory assistance required, a 20% increase in the number of days to attain full enteral feeds, and a 30% decrease in length gain. We suggest preterm birth disrupts the normal perinatal pattern of prolactin release and that those infants who develop relatively low plasma concentration have an adverse outcome. Our data add to the broader debate on whether preterm infants require multiple endocrine replacement treatment.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin and clinical outcome in preterm infants. 222 71

Family history of hypertension has been associated with enhanced blood pressure reactivity and a "noncomplaining" life attitude. The present empirical study supported the notion that enhanced blood pressure reactivity is associated with other endocrinologic hormonal reactivity patterns (plasma cortisol, prolactin, and testosterone) not directly related to blood pressure during increasing job strain (demands/decision latitude). Furthermore, it was found that noise effects on blood pressure rise at work occur mainly among people with a family history of hypertension. Interaction between stressors and individual characteristics seems important in the analysis of the health effects of job stressors, and "family history of hypertension" seems to be an important individual characteristic not only of blood pressure associations but also of other relationships between job environment and health.
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PMID:Family history of hypertension--an individual trait interacting with spontaneously occurring job stressors. 234 68

In plasma from 35 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 35 normal pregnant women both at 39 weeks of gestation, plasma prolactin levels were measured at 8.30 a.m. (PRL1) and 9.30 a.m. (PRL2) under basal conditions. At delivery umbilical cord blood samples were taken for measurement of fetal prolactin (PRLF). PRL1 and PRL2 were higher in women with PIH, but no significant relations were found between PRL1/PRL2 and blood pressure. PRLF did not differ when infants of mothers with PIH and infants of normal pregnant women were compared, but PRLF had a significant direct independent relation with PRL2. The latter relation may be due to the increase in placental oestrogens during pregnancy, which stimulate both the maternal and fetal hypophyses and their prolactin secretion. PRLF did not show any relation with neonatal morbidity, but PRL1 showed a significant direct relation with the Apgar score at 5 min.
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PMID:Maternal and fetal prolactin in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 235 Jan 96

Prolactin has been involved in different types of hypertension both in man and in rats. In an attempt to substantiate this hypothesis, we have analysed the correlation between plasma concentrations of prolactin and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in female and male rats from spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto strains (30, 60 and 90 days old), as well as in adult female Wistar rats rendered hyperprolactinaemic by the administration of 100 micrograms testosterone propionate on day 1 of life, or adult males with low plasma concentrations of prolactin after administration of bromocriptine (4 mg/kg per day) over 15 days. Our results indicate a lack of correlation between plasma concentrations of prolactin and SBP since plasma concentrations of prolactin were normal in male and female SH rats and hyper- and hypoprolactinaemia did not affect SBP. In spite of these normal plasma concentrations of prolactin, SH rats showed subtle changes in the secretion of this hormone in vitro and in vivo in response to exogenous serotonin administration and to immobilization.
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PMID:Normoprolactinaemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats: absence of a close relationship between plasma concentrations of prolactin and systolic blood pressure. 237 81


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