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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma prolactin levels were measured in 68 pregnant women with hypertension at 32 weeks gestation. They were raised in pregnancies with pre-eclamptic features, most significantly in women with a rising plasma urate level. No correlation was found between the level of the untreated blood pressure and prolactin. Proteinuria did not influence prolactin levels independently of changes in the plasma urate. The differences in prolactin levels could not be ascribed to the drugs administered.
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PMID:Prolactin in hypertensive pregnancy. 111 91

In an attempt to study whether TSH abnormality was genetically determined in SHR and SPR, plasma T4, T3, TSH and prolactin concentrations were measured in the animals with intervals of 1 to 3 months. Hypertension was found in 6-month-old SHR and SPR, but it was not found in younger animals. In contrast, a decrease of plasma T3 and an increase of plasma TSH were found in 15-day-old SHR. Also, an increase of TSH was found in 1-month-old SPR in spite of normal plasma T3 concentration. These abnormalities in SHR and SPR increased progressively with age. It is suggested that thyroid-pituitary abnormality was genetically determined in SHR and SPR.
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PMID:Congenital abnormality of pituitary-thyroid axis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone rats (SPR). 120 77

A 57-year-old obese woman with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and a 40-year history of secondary amenorrhea was diagnosed with corticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Dynamic endocrine testing and radiological evaluation did not reveal definitively the source of the excess corticotropin. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed with resolution of the signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. Four years later, the patient was noted to have rising serum corticotropin levels and an enlarging pituitary mass; hyperprolactinemia also was documented. A diagnosis of Nelson-Salassa syndrome was made, and she underwent a transsphenoidal adenomectomy. A histological examination of the specimen revealed two distinct, albeit contiguous, adenomas: a corticotroph adenoma and a lactotroph adenoma. Postoperatively, the serum prolactin and corticotropin levels decreased significantly. Although the stalk section effect resulting from compression by a pituitary adenoma can raise serum prolactin levels, a concurrent lactotroph adenoma should be considered in patients with nonfunctional or functional pituitary adenomas of other types associated with significantly elevated prolactin levels. The mechanisms underlying simultaneous adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin excess are discussed.
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PMID:Coexisting corticotroph and lactotroph adenomas: case report with reference to the relationship of corticotropin and prolactin excess. 131 62

Overall 146 females suffering from essential hypertension (borderline, stage I and II according to WHO, 1980) were examined for basal concentrations of estradiol, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, ACTH, prolactin in plasma, LH and FSH in blood and urine. The patients and 69 control normotensive females were reproductive, premenopausal, menopausal, postmenopausal, postcastration. Latent hypertension was elicited at bicycle exercise. It was found that relationships between sex hormones and gonadotropins both in hypertensive and normotensive women did not differ noticeably in reproductive period and in menopause. Hormone defects due to primary and secondary infertility, castration, menopause did not raise the risk of arterial hypertension onset. An-Unfavorable course of hypertension was observed in premenopause, following operative castration, in climacteric syndrome. The severity of AH at reproductive age was associated with hyposecretion of progesterone, estrogens and gonadotropins LH, FSH. This relationship was absent in menopausal women. A conclusion is proposed on miner significance of sex hormones imbalance and gonadotropins in the onset of arterial hypertension in females varying by generative activity.
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PMID:[Role of imbalance of sex hormones and gonadotropins in the development and course of essential hypertension in women]. 132 46

We experienced 41 cases of Cushing's syndrome (12 males and 29 females, 15 years old - 65 years old) during the last 20 years. These included 20 patients with unilateral adrenal adenoma (Cushing's syndrome), 19 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's disease), one patient with adrenal carcinoma and one patient with primary adrenocortical nodular dysplasia (PAND). Moreover, these cases included some special ones, i.e. 5 cases with destructive thyroiditis after treatment, 2 cases with aggravation of arthritis after treatment, a case of Carney's complex with PAND, one case with paradoxical response to dexamethasone, and one case combined with empty sella syndrome. The most specific clinical signs were moon face (95% occurrence), hypertension (95%) and subcutaneous bruising (80%). Other significant signs were eye edema (66%), buffalo hump (68%), subcutaneous purpura (63%) and osteoporosis (49%). Skin striae was not a common sign in our cases (41%). Renal stone was observed in only 20% of our patients but was a significant sign in this syndrome. There was no difference in the occurrence of each clinical sign between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease. The elevation of white blood cell count (WBC) and serum sodium, a decrease of serum potassium, and a decrease of reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP) were observed. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human growth hormone (HGH) were suppressed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease. These results were consistent with those of previous reports. However, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were high in those patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with Cushing's disease. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 34 patients before and after treatment. Thirty-one percent of those had diabetes mellitus and 26% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The response of IRI in this test was high in patients with Cushing's syndrome and patients with Cushing's disease, and decreased 4 weeks after treatment in those with Cushing's syndrome but remained high in those with Cushing's disease. Plasma ACTH level and urinary 17-OHCS excretion were significantly higher in Cushing's disease than in Cushing's syndrome. During an 8mg-high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, urinary 17-OHCS excretion in 13 of 14 patients with Cushing's disease (93%) was suppressed by more than 50% of baseline on the second day of testing. However, all of 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome, who had an 8mg-dexamethasone suppression test, failed to suppress urinary 17-OHCS by 50% of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Forty-one cases of Cushing's syndrome: a comparison between Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) and Cushing's disease (adrenal hyperplasia)]. 163 31

The goal pursued has been to analyze clinical observations and hormonal studies of patients with empty sella turcica (EST), in order to review this disorder and determine if it can be considered a real syndrome. Fifteen patients with EST (3 men and 12 women) and mean age of 45.6 +/- 17.9 years have been prospectively studied. In the hypothalamus-hypophysis study, reserves of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropins (FSH and LH), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol were assessed. In addition, thyroid hormones and, for men, testosterone, were determined. The pathogenic mechanism was explained in two cases (13.3%). We registered headache in 10 patients, obesity in 8, arterial hypertension in 2 and diabetes mellitus in 2. Multiparity antecedent was found in 2 cases. The hormonal study was abnormal in two cases (40%). Most common abnormalities were hyperprolactinemia (3 cases), deficit of gonadotropins (3 cases), without coexisting both of them in any case, and deficit of GH (2 cases). EST is frequently associated with endocrine disfunction, although clinical implications are rare. The absence of common clinical manifestations in most cases questions the EST as a real syndrome.
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PMID:[Primary empty sella turcica: clinical aspects and hormonal study of 15 cases]. 179 Feb 77

To determine the role of sex hormones and sodium intake in hypertension seen in postmenopausal woman, 12 women (aged 50 to 59 years) in whom blood pressure increased for the first time to above 150/90 mmHg after cessation of menstruation were examined in comparison with 7 age-matched postmenopausal normotensive women (118 +/- 2/62 +/- 3 mmHg). All subjects were admitted to the hospital and their sodium intake was maintained at 204 (normal), 306 (high), and 51 (low) mmol/day for 5 days each. In each period, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, serum levels of sex hormones and vasoactive hormones, and urinary excretions of sodium, kallikrein and dopamine were determined. The plasma levels of prolactin, progesterone, oestrone, and oestradiol in the hypertensive women were all significantly lower than those in the normotensive women in all study periods. With a change in sodium intake from high to low, blood pressure in 8 out of 12 hypertensive patients decreased by more than 10% from 160 +/- 2/100 +/- 2 mmHg to 144 +/- 2/87 +/- 2 mmHg, while in the normotensive women, only 1 out of 7 patients responded to this change in sodium intake. The changes in sodium intake did not alter the plasma levels of sex hormones in the hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Among the hypertensive patients, three had a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, while none of the normotensive subjects had such a history. The results of the present study suggest that decreases in sex hormones and increased sensitivity to sodium are important factors in the genesis of postmenopausal hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of sex hormones and sodium intake in postmenopausal hypertension. 179 8

The effects of prolactin (PRL) on A10 (aortic smooth muscle) cell proliferation were examined by measuring both [3H]thymidine incorporation and increases in cell number. PRL induced a significant proliferative response from 10(-11) to 10(-7) M, with optimal activity at 10(-10) M. PRL also enhanced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation. The possibility that PRL induces proliferation through a protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated mechanism was also examined. PRL caused activation of PKC from 10(-12) to 10(-8) M. Antiserum to PRL, a monoclonal antibody directed against the PRL receptor and the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A, were able to inhibit PRL-induced proliferation and activation of PKC. The PKC inhibitors, staurosporine, sphingosine, and 1-(-5-iso-quinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) also antagonized both proliferation and PKC activation. These data strongly suggest that PRL-induced A10 cell proliferation is mediated through the PKC pathway and that this may play a role in vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, characteristic of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Prolactin induces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. 186 Aug 93

This study has been performed to assess the effect of methyldopa (MD) therapy in pregnancy hypertension on the neonatal adaptation. Infants born to mothers on MD for several weeks prior to delivery and presenting with excessive tremor and irritability were evaluated according to the dose of maternal MD. Pregnancy hypertension and high dose MD was associated with impaired placental perfusion, compromised function of fetoplacental unit and more frequent surgical delivery. Infants of mothers on high (1.25-2.0 g/day) or low (less than 1 g/day) MD had gestational age, head circumference, acid-base balance, Apgar score and blood pressure similar to those born to healthy control mothers. The birth weight of infants of the high MD group, however, were significantly lower than in the low-dose or control groups. MD therapy resulted in a dose-dependent increase in plasma levels of prolactin, thyrotropin and triiodthyronine indicating decreased dopaminergic inhibition of pituitary hormone release. Plasma thyroxine concentration, however, decreased significantly. Cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline was found to be markedly depressed after maternal MD showing disturbed central nervous system monoamine metabolism. It is suggested that MD administration to mothers presenting with pregnancy hypertension interferes with cerebral monoamine metabolism of the neonate and induces alterations in some endocrine functions under dopaminergic control. The possible role of chronic fetal distress frequently associated with pregnancy hypertension should also be considered.
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PMID:Neonatal effects of methyldopa therapy in pregnancy hypertension. 186 78

In 40 patients (pts) with essential hypertension (EH) the plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin during 2 week therapy with nifedipine were evaluated. In pts with EH there were higher levels of hormones than in control subjects. During nifedipine therapy there was no elevation of the plasma hormone levels although the blood pressure was lowered. This study shows that there are other than hypertension factors in the pathogenesis of elevated hormone levels in EH.
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PMID:[Essential hypertension. Treatment with nifedipine and levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin and prolactin]. 194 46


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