Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic treatment with beta-blockers was interrupted abruptly in six patients with arterial hypertension. Three patients, who had experienced symptoms during a previous withdrawal, again complained of transient palpitations, tremor, sweating, headache and general malaise. A significant increase in standing blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was noted after 24 h. The standing HR reached a maximum after 48 h and had decreased significantly on the 7th day (p less than 0.005). There was a strong tendency to greater increase in standing BP and HR in the patients who experienced symptoms than in those who did not. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and prolactin did not change significantly. Thus, beta-blocker withdrawal symptoms are reproducible and are indicative of a transient sympathetic hyperresponse. The increased activity is not likely to be caused by increased production of circulating catecholamines, but rather by increased sensitivity of the beta-receptor.
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PMID:Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blocking agents in patients with arterial hypertension. Effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines and prolactin. 3 93

A man of 38 years of age was found to have a type I endocrine polyadenomatosis in 1969. He was operated upon for removal of tumor of the islets of Langerhans with lymph gland metastases, and the head of the pancreas was removed. This was followed at a later date by ablation of two parathyroid adenomas. A clinically silent adenoma of the left adrenal was not removed and a silent and enclosed pituitary tumore was discovered. There were no clinical or hormonal signs of progression of the pancreatic tumor ten years later, but hypertension and behavioural disorders had developed. Catecholamine levels were normal. Selective blood aldosterone levels were just within significant values. A massive increase in prolactin secretion (more than 100 times the normal) was noted. This could be reduced by bromocriptine, and the possible role of prolactin in the behavioural disorders present is discussed.
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PMID:[Prolactin adenoma and Wermer's syndrome. A 10-year follow-up of a case with two parathyroid tumors, as adrenal adenoma, and a malignant pancreatic tumor (author's transl)]. 4 60

A hypothalamic role in the aetiology of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been suggested by prior observations. In an attempt to determine whether the central control of prolactin (PRL) release is altered in the SHR we have compared the PRL response to immobilization stress, thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), haloperidol, and L-DOPA in the SHR and in normotensive Wistar control rats. Carotid artery catheters were inserted 48 h prior to the PRL response studies and the catheters were maintained patent with heparinized saline. Timed blood samples were obtained in SHR and control rats weighing 180-225 g. The SHR demonstrated elevated basal serum levels of PRL and greater PRL responses to stress. However, administration of L-DOPA resulted in a similar suppression of serum PRL in the SHR and in the normotensive controls. These findings suggest alteration in the central control of PRL release in the SHR. Observations of elevated basal PRL, exaggerated PRL in response to L-DOPA in SHR are consistent with normal pituitary responsiveness to dopamine suppression of PRL release, but defective hypothalamic metabolism of dopamine. Alterations in central dopamine control mechanisms in the SHR may play a role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in these animals.
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PMID:Hyperprolactinaemia in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 10 13

Plasma prolactin response to postural change and variation in dietary sodium was evaluated in five normal volunteers and 15 patients with essential hypertension. Values at 0800 hours (11.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml, mean +/- 1 S.D.) were uninfluenced by the duration of recumbency (10 or 34 hr) and were significantly higher than those obtained at noon (6.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml, mean +/- 1 S.D., p less than 0.001). The latter were uninfluenced by postural change. There was no correlation between sodium intake and plasma prolactin, nor was there any apparent correlation between prolactin and plasma renin activity. There was no significant difference in prolactin concentrations between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. In 10 additional patients with unilateral renal disease, renal vein prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly from simultaneously obtained peripheral concentrations. Renal vein prolactin was uninfluenced by the presence of renal disease and did not correlate with renal blood flow. It is concluded that there is no evidence of feedback between sodium intake and prolactin in man. Human kidneys do not seem to clear significant amounts of prolactin. It appears unlikely that alterations in prolactin concentration, at least as assessed by daytime values, participate in the maintenance of either essential or renovascular hypertension. Since values at 0800 hours are frequently elevated as a reflection of preceding sleep-related peaks, sampling at 1200 hours may be preferable when search is undertaken for hypothalamic-pituitary disease.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin in essential and renovascular hypertension. 64 93

Acromegaloidism is a condition which resembles acromegaly by its clinical manifestations but is not due to pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction. Twenty patients were diagnosed as having this disorder and the results from studying growth hormone (GH) responses in 15 patients (11 women and four men) were included in this report. Clinical manifestations closely resembled those of acromegalics, including history of progressive changes, acral enlargement, visual disturbances, abnormal visual fields in four patients, and sella turcica enlargement in two patients. The glucose tolerance test (GTT) was abnormal in 12/15 patients, 13/15 were > 10 percent obese, 8/15 had hypertension, 7/15 had large-statured relatives, but lactorrhea was absent in all patients. The mean serum GH concentration was 2.2 ng/ml, which suppressed to 0.6 ng/ml during the GTT; increased to 24 ng/ml during hypoglycemia; and increased to 10.3 ng/ml after L-dopa ingestion. Other pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin), the metyrapone test, 24-hour random and nocturnal sleeping GH concentrations were normal. These GH values and responses helped to differentiate acromegaloidism from treated and untreated acromegaly. The pathogenesis of acromegaloidism was not determined, but somatomedin studies may prove helpful in further defining this disorder.
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PMID:Pituitary function and growth hormone dynamics in acromegaloidism. 73 19

Two cases are reported of a 30-year-old and of a 28-year-old Japanese women with primary aldosteronism in whom metabolic and blood pressure abnormalities were aggravated during peripartum period. The characteristic findings in 2 present cases are as follows; 1) lower blood pressure during pregnancy, 2) elevated blood pressure during peripartum period, and 3) after parturition, serum potassium decreased, and the blood pressure elevated. The reason why the hypertension and hypokalemia associated with primary aldosteronism were ameliorated during pregnancy was thought to be due to the increased secretion of progesterone. Furthermore, the rapid recurrence of symptoms, increase in blood pressure, and hypokalemia in the post-partum period could be related to elevated prolactin and decreased progesterone levels.
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PMID:Primary aldosteronism aggravated during peripartum period. 75 Jun 75

Implantation of a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4), secreting growth hormone, prolactin, and corticotropin, in female rats of Fischer F344 strain causes hypertension, vasculitis, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, and extensive renal and cardiac lesions. When rats of the same strain were implanted with the MtTF4 tumor but sodium was withheld from the diet, systolic blood pressure rose more slowly but by six weeks reached the same values recorded in the animals implanted with the tumor and allowed to consume sodium ad libitum. In the rats, on sodium deficient diet, however, the vascular damage as well as the renal and cardiac lesions were minimal or absent. Implantation of the tumor caused adrenal cortical dysfunction, and elevated levels of deoxycorticosterone were seen in the peripheral plasma of the rats of all three groups. Nonetheless, plasma deoxycorticosterone was significantly lower in rats on a sodium deficient diet as compared with those having sodium added to the diet. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the adrenal glands revealed that the lack of dietary sodium largely prevented the extensive damage of the zona fasciculata cells usually seen in the tumor-bearing rats, consuming sodium ad libitum. Both hypertensive MtT tumor-bearing animals and normotensive controls on a sodium deficient diet had a conspicuous increase of renal content of renin. It is evident that hypertension may be produced in rats bearing the MtTF4 tumor even in the virtual absence of dietary sodium. It does not appear that the hypersecretion of renal renin sustains the hypertension in these rats, since high levels of this substance were seen in the kidney of normotensive controls on the same sodium deficient diet. Elevated levels of plasma DOC may possibly explain the hypertension. In addition, it is likely that the animals may also have elevated levels of glucocorticoids.
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PMID:Deveolpment of hypertension in rats maintained on a sodium deficient diet and bearing a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4). 81 73

Progesterone (2.5 mg per kilogram) caused sustained hypertension in rabbits. When the same dose of progesterone was administered together with prolactin (1.25 mg. per kilogram), there was no increase in the blood pressure. In rabbits with progesterone-induced hypertension, the addition of prolactin caused a sharp drop in blood pressure. It is suggested that prolactin acts by reducing the sensitivity of the blood vessels to circulating pressor substances and further that a reduced prolactin response may be the cause of heightened sensitivity to pressor substances observed in pre-eclampsia.
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PMID:Prolactin and hypertension. 84 88

Serial measurements of plasma-prolactin concentration (HPr) and plasma-renin activity (PRA) at 30-min intervals were made in 19 male patients with essential hypertension and in 8 normotensive subjects. HPr was markedly higher in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive controls. Patients with reduced plasma-renin activity and only slightly elevated HPr-levels showed lower urinary sodium excretion, but a more pronouced 24-h natriuretic response to i.v. furosemide than patients with normal renin and very high HPr-levels. Six patients were treated with the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine. The drug induced a significant blood pressure reduction in five patients and normalised pressure in two patients. The data do not indicate a role for prolactin in sustaining hypertension via renal salt retaining mechanisms. It is suggested that the raised HPr-levels represent an index of altered central nervous function, characterized by reduced hypothalamic activity. The blood pressure-lowering effect of the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine fits with the hypothesis that reduced hypothalamic dopaminergic activity might be a factor in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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PMID:[Raised plasma-prolactin levels in essential hypertension: index of reduced hypothalamic dopaminergic activity (author's transl)]. 92 11

Plasma prolactin levels in women who were between 8 and 40 weeks pregnant were determined by a homologous double antibody radioimmunoassay method. There were 980 samples from 839 uncomplicated and 213 samples from 116 complicated pregnancies. Prolactin levels in normal pregnancies varied from 6 ng/ml during early pregnancy to 210 ng/ml near term. A few values beyond the normal range were found in various groups of complicated pregnancies. About 14 per cent of samples from patients with threatened abortion and 7 per cent from patients with hypertension were above the upper normal range. The proportion of values below the 10th centile in patients with a low urinary oestrogen excretion was significantly higher than that in the normal population. Plasma prolactin levels did not seem to be a valuable guide to maternal or fetal well-being.
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PMID:Plasma prolactin levels during pregnancy. 97 45


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