Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which develop hypertension spontaneously with maturation, were autopsied at select time intervals from weaning to 28 months. Their blood pressure began to rise steeply at 4--5 weeks, reaching a zenith of 180--240 mm Hg after 4 months. Elevated blood pressures were maintained in both sexes. After 20 months, the male SHR began to die of myocardial infarction and hypotensive crisis. Heart and adrenal gland weight increased progressively not only during the phase of rapidly rising blood pressure but also during the period of plateaued but sustained high blood pressure. RIA of plasma levels of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and PRL, under both quiescent and mildly stressful conditions, demonstrated that the pituitary-adrenal axis of SHR progressively increases its propensity to respond to stress with maturation. This capacity to respond to stress was maintained despite the severe high blood pressure and the attainment of relative old age, i.e. 2 yr. An incremental change in circulating PRL, corticosterone, and aldosterone as early as 2 months of age, when blood pressure levels are beginning to rise, suggests that there may be some connection between the genetically programmed pathogenesis of the spontaneous hypertension and the progressively increasing (with age) sensitivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis to stress.
 ...
PMID:Aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and prolactin changes during the lifespan of chronically and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 43 81

To assess the possible role of mineralocorticoids in the onset and maintenance of hypertension in adrenal regeneration hypertensive (ARH) rats, the change in plasma mineralocorticoids, with adrenal regeneration after enucleation in ARH rats was investigated and compared with those in unilaterally nephroadrenalectomized, 1% saline-fed (UNA) rats, sham-operated, 1% saline-fed (1% NaCl) rats and water-fed (water) rats. Plasma aldosterone was determined by RIA and the other mineralocorticoids were measured by HPLC. How plasma PRL, a marker of central dopaminergic activity, affected aldosterone secretion was determined by RIA. In ARH, plasma corticosterone (B), 18-OH-DOC and aldosterone levels 2 weeks after operation were as low as 20-30% of corresponding values, but the plasma DOC level was almost 100% of the corresponding value in the other groups. Four weeks after operation plasma B increased to a level comparable with that in the other groups and the plasma aldosterone level remained low. However, plasma DOC and 18-OH-DOC levels 4 weeks after operation were as high as 120-200% of corresponding values in the other groups. Six weeks after operation, the plasma aldosterone level returned to a value comparable with that in UNA and 1% NaCl and plasma DOC and 18-OH-DOC levels returned to corresponding values in the other groups. The plasma PRL level 4 weeks after operation was significantly lower in ARH than in the other groups. These results suggest that transient DOC and 18-OH-DOC increases observed in ARH may be important in the onset of hypertension, while other factors may be involved in its maintenance and that the transient central dopaminergic hyperactivity observed in ARH may be responsible for a delayed return from aldosterone deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Altered secretion of corticosteroids and prolactin in adrenal regeneration hypertensive rats. 139 50

To evaluate the hypothesis that endocrine profiles change with aging independently of specific disease states, we examined the age trends of 17 major sex hormones, metabolites, and related serum proteins in 2 large groups of adult males drawn from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population-based cross-sectional survey of men aged 39-70 yr conducted in 1986-89. Group 1 consisted of 415 men who were free of obesity, alcoholism, all prescription medication, prostate problems, and chronic illness (cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and ulcer). Group 2 consisted of 1294 men who reported 1 or more of the above conditions. Each age trend was satisfactorily described by a constant percent change per yr between ages 39-70 yr. Free testosterone declined by 1.2%/yr, and albumin-bound testosterone by 1.0%/yr. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the major serum carrier of testosterone, increased by 1.2%/yr, with the net effect that total serum testosterone declined more slowly (0.4%/yr) than the free or albumin-bound pools alone. Among the major androgens and metabolites, androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (androstanediol; 0.8%/yr) and androstanediol glucuronide (0.6%/yr) declined less rapidly than free testosterone, while 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone remained essentially constant between ages 39-70 yr. Androstenedione declined at 1.3%/yr, a rate comparable to that of free testosterone, while the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (3.1%/yr) and its sulfate (2.2%/yr) declined 2-3 times more rapidly. The levels of testosterone, SHBG, and several androgen metabolites followed a parallel course in groups 1 and 2, remaining consistently 10-15% lower in group 2 across the age range of the study. Subgroup analyses suggested that obese subjects might be responsible for much of the group difference in androgen level. Serum concentrations of estrogens and cortisol did not change significantly with age or differ between groups. Of the pituitary gonadotropins, FSH increased at 1.9%/yr, LH increased at 1.3%/yr, and PRL declined at 0.4%/yr, with no significant difference between groups 1 and 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Age, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aged men: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. 171 16

New findings obtained from basic research works using novel techniques in protein analyses, molecular biology and applied chemistry have broadened the knowledge of pathophysiological and biochemical aspects in various endocrine disorders, which often led to establishment of new diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches. Among many interesting recent topics in endocrinology, the following themes were chosen in this symposium entitled "basic and clinical aspects of certain endocrine and metabolic diseases": ACTH secretion in adrenocortical disorders by Dr. Ohgo, pregnancy and PRL secretion by Dr. Miyakawa, auto-antigens in autoimmune thyroid diseases by Dr. Kotani, new active D3 derivatives and their clinical application in bone disorders by Dr. Okamoto, pathophysiological roles of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in hypertension by Dr. Kida, and recent trends in diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus by Dr. Sugiyama. We believed that each lecture covered and clarified new developments and their clinical implications, which should satisfy and stimulate your interest.
 ...
PMID:[New basic and clinical aspects of endocrine and metabolic diseases]. 258 51

A 26-year-old female with ACTH deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and benign intracranial hypertension is reported. Her symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency and persistent amenorrhea appeared after her last child birth one year previously. During an infectious disease she became critically ill with hypotension and was treated with iv penicillin. A bacterial infection was, however, not diagnosed. After 4 days she developed symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension. She improved gradually within 10 days without specific therapy against the intracranial pressure. Endocrine investigation disclosed a secondary adrenocortical failure. The lesion appeared to be located in the pituitary gland since plasma ACTH and cortisol did not respond to CRH. A moderately elevated serum PRL was found, whereas the pituitary reserves of TSH, GH, LH and FSH were normal, as was a computed tomographic scan of the pituitary gland. The patient was given cortisone substitution therapy and recovered immediately. Within the following year she regained normal menstruations and became pregnant. A possible autoimmune etiology of her isolated ACTH deficiency precipitated in the puerperium is discussed.
 ...
PMID:ACTH deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and benign intracranial hypertension. A case report. 283 45

A 34-year-old woman was admitted for the chief complaints of headache and blurred vision. She had bilateral papilledema and slight increase in CSF pressure (175mmH2O) with normal visual acuity and field. Neurological and hormonal examination were normal except for over response of PRL and TSH to TRH test. The sella was enlarged and MRI and metrizamide CT demonstrated intrasellar CSF filling with remodeling of the pituitary gland. The patient was diagnosed as primary empty sella syndrome associated with benign intracranial hypertension. The complaints did not subside for six months. The patient was treated via the transsphenoidal approach. The dura mater of the floor of the sella was elevated by extradural balloon expansion filled with silicone, and subsequently the empty sella was obliterated. Her headache disappeared and amblyopic attack also improved. Obliteration of the empty sella with an extradural silicone balloon via the transsphenoidal approach seemed to have been effective for headache and visual complaints of primary empty sella syndrome which did not respond to medical therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Primary empty sella syndrome treated by transsphenoidal extradural balloon expansion--a case report]. 362 70

A 26-yr-old woman presented with hirsutism, male pattern scalp baldness ("geheimratsecken"), and menstrual irregularities. She had no hypertension or other signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Plasma cortisol levels were greatly elevated and did not suppress normally in response to dexamethasone. Cortisol binding to transcortin was normal. Plasma androstenedione and testosterone levels were also increased, but 17-hydroxyprogesterone and aldosterone levels were normal. Further studies revealed an increased cortisol production rate, increased 24-h urinary cortisol excretion, increased plasma ACTH levels, a normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol at an elevated level, and normal increments of plasma ACTH, cortisol, GH, and PRL in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The father and two brothers also had increased plasma cortisol levels, which did not suppress normally in response to dexamethasone. Chronic therapy with dexamethasone (at first 1 and later 0.5 mg, three times daily) for more than 30 weeks resulted in decreased hirsutism, normalization of scalp hair and menstrual cyclicity, and normal plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels. No signs or symptoms of Cushing's syndrome developed, and the central regulation of secretion of ACTH, cortisol, GH, and PRL (insulin test, diurnal rhythm) remained qualitatively normal at a lower set-point. We conclude that this patient had autosomal dominantly inherited hereditary (partial) cortisol insensitivity, which had resulted in increased adrenocortical cortisol and androgen secretion. The latter had not resulted in clinical symptoms in the three afflicted male members of the family, but had in the propositus. The results also indicate the potential usefulness of the insulin test in distinguishing this disorder from Cushing's disease.
 ...
PMID:Familial cortisol resistance: differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. 378 21

The role of PRL in the development of hypertension in the SHR was examined by administering PRL antiserum to neonatal SHR. On days 2-7 post partum, male SHR were injected with 50 microliters/day of either antiserum to PRL (which chronically lowers plasma PRL), normal rabbit serum (NRS), or 0.9% NaCl. Heart rate, BP, and body weight were measured biweekly on weeks 6-14 of age. Anti-PRL lowered BP vs. NaCl on weeks 6, 8, 12, and 14 (range 7-17 mm Hg lower). NRS animals showed BP differences from the NaCl group only on weeks 6 and 14, with no consistent effect. Heart rates fell during the study in the NaCl and anti-PRL groups but not in the NRS group. Anti-PRL and NRS groups had higher heart rates than did the NaCl group. Body weights did not differ between groups except on week 14, when the NRS group weighed less than the NaCl group. These results suggest that while PRL is involved in BP regulation in the SHR, it is not involved in the pathogenesis of the genetic hypertension seen in the strain. In addition, the results suggest that the serum treatment may have caused heart damage which led to an elevation in the heart rates of the serum-treated groups.
 ...
PMID:Antiserum to prolactin lowers blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 396 87

An 8-yr-old girl is presented who had periodic attacks of vomiting, psychotic depression, drowsiness, and hypertension (160/110 mm Hg) for a period of 16 months after head injury. At the initiation of the attack, serum ACTH and vasopressin levels were prominently increased (610 pg/ml and 41 microunits/ml, respectively), followed by hypercortisolemia, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolality in plasma. Serum PRL also was elevated (91 ng/ml). Responses of GH and cortisol to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and those of TSH to TRH were reduced. Urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased, while dopamine (DA) excretion was reciprocally decreased, resulting in a marked elevation of the epinephrine plus norepinephrine to DA ratio during the episodes (0.4-4.5); this was normalized on attack-free days (0.08-0.25). During the attack, the concentration of homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of DA in the brain, also was reduced in cerebrospinal fluids from 70 to 23 ng/ml. The administration of methyl-dopa and reserpine effectively suppressed the recurrence of the episode. Although the exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, a periodic metabolic dysfunction of catecholamine in the central nervous system might be postulated.
 ...
PMID:A syndrome of periodic adrenocorticotropin and vasopressin discharge. 627 29

Plasma levels of immunoreactive ACTH, corticosterone (CS), and PRL in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertensive SABRA, hypertension-prone (SBH), hypertension-resistant (SBN), and normotensive SABRA rats were compared under both quiescent conditions and after acute (2 min) cold water stress. Serum levels of CS were higher in 2K1C hypertensive compared with normotensive SABRA rats under both quiescent and stressful conditions. Circulating levels of ACTH and PRL were similar in both groups under quiescent conditions. Resting circulating levels of CS were higher in the SBH rats compared with SABRA or SBN rats. Serum PRL levels were similar in SBH and SABRA rats under both quiescent and stressful conditions. Resting PRL levels in the SBN rats were lower compared with the SABRA rats. Resting serum levels of ACTH and CS in the SBN rats were similar to those found in the SABRA rats. After stress exposure serum ACTH and CS levels were elevated in all groups. Serum PRL levels in SBN rats were not affected by stress, unlike the marked elevation seen in the other groups. Our study demonstrates increased secretion of CS in both 2K1C hypertensive and SBH rats under quiescent conditions. Both 2K1C hypertensive and SBH rats have normal hormonal capacity to respond to stress. SBN rats exhibited reduced PRL secretion under both quiescent and stressful conditions. It is suggested that abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system may play a role in the pathogenesis of 2K1C and genetic hypertension as well as in resistance to hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Stress-induced secretion of adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, and prolactin in experimentally and genetically hypertensive rats. 629 3


1 2 3 Next >>