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Osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis are the most common diseases of bone tissue affecting both rural and urban populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of education and requirement for health promotion within the scope of common diseases of the skeletal system among rural population in Poland. This was an exploratory study with a cross-sectional design performed between May 2004-September 2005 in rural areas of 16 Voivodeships (main provinces) of Poland. The study population comprised of 404 (62.9%) rural women and 238 (37.1%) rural men (total 642). All subjects were randomly sampled and recruited by personal contact in primary health care centres. Study data were obtained using a specially prepared questionnaire. The most commonly reported diseases were: arterial hypertension (26.1%), joint degenerative disease (24.6%) and osteoarthritis (14.7%). The occurrence of osteoarthritis and joint degenerative disease increased with age and was highest in the group aged over 50 (21% and 38.7% respectively). Osteoarthitis was more frequent in women compared to men (16% and 12.2% respectively). In most cases, the basic information about methods of prevention and treatment given by a General Practitioner or a specialist was characterized as "satisfactory" (73.6% and 62.9% respectively). The most popular prophylactic action performed in local communities was bone densitometry (14.1%), and the most important source of knowledge - TV and radio (65%). Populations living in rural areas have limited access to health education and health prophylaxis actions, irrespective of the geographical region of Poland. Inhabitants with secondary or higher education, as well as those with a higher household income, have better knowledge about skeletal system diseases compared to those with a lower educational level. The practical implications of this study suggest the necessity for paying more attention to etiology, symptoms and methods of prevention and treatment of bone diseases when attending to patients in specialist practice.
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PMID:Health promotion and health education with particular emphasis on bone diseases among rural population in Poland. 1684 75

Abdominal aorta aneurysms are quite common in elderly people, coexisting frequently with manifestations of atherosclerotic degenerative disease and in patients with already known risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia or tobacco habits. According to the most recent pathogenic concepts, the disease is caused by the inflammation of the arterial wall, leading to the destruction of elastin, and apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells of the media, associated to biomechanical factors, rendering the aortic cylinder into a sphere, with progressive expansion, coursing with growing risks of rupture, often fatal. The enormous progress noticed in the field of cellular and molecular biology and a better understanding of the intimal mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, together with the new achievements occurred in pharmacotherapy and genetic therapy, will be able to offer in the near future, the creation of new alternatives for the medical management of this entity, preventing and controlling its progressive and expansive nature, as well as the severe and even lethal complications that can cause. In this paper the author makes an update on the new etiopathogenic concepts and new therapeutic modalities that have been tested in the medical management of the abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis and medical treatment of the abdominal aortic aneurysm: an update]. 1705 30

This epidemiological survey was conducted to find features of degenerative diseases associated with loss of teeth in the elderly. One hundred sixty-seven elderly (> or = 60 years old) people from local government health centers in East Jakarta, Indonesia were included in the study. The degenerative diseases (DM, hypertension, heart disease) were determined by physical examination, laboratory testing and questionnaires. Tooth loss was measured by the DMF-T (decay, missing, filling teeth) index. Oral hygiene condition was based on OHI-S (oral hygiene index simplified) index. The most common degenerative disease was hypertension (45.5%). DM was found a few (3.6%). Approximately 55% of respondents had moderate oral hygiene problems. The demand for professional dental care was low. There was no significant association between degenerative diseases and the loss of teeth. In conclusion, the loss of teeth was not associated with degenerative diseases, but may have been influenced by local factors such as a low demand for dental hygiene.
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PMID:The features of degenerative diseases and their association with the loss of teeth in the elderly of East Jakarta (Indonesia). 1856 60

A 62-year-old woman entered a cardiac rehabilitation program for help with weight loss and fitness, and also for monitoring of episodic atrial fibrillation, which had begun in 1992. She was able to exercise without triggering atrial fibrillation. Additional past medical problems included glucose intolerance (treated with diet), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, migraine headaches, degenerative disease of the spine, and a duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:ECG Quiz: Dizziness in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Patient. 2008 89

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent degenerative disease in the old age manifested itself mainly by the disturbances of cognitive functions. Motor disturbances develop in a significant number of patients as well, with the spectrum of their clinical manifestations and their impact on the level of functional disorders of patients remained less studied. The aim of the study was the evaluation of motor disorders in AD patients at different stages of the disease. Ninety patients with AD have been examined. Neurological disorders are identified in 79 (87.7%) patients including 17 (18.9%) patients with akinetic-rigid syndrome, 25 (27.8%) with primary walking disturbances and postural instability, 69 (76.6%) with pseudobulbar syndrome, 41 (45.6%) with stereotypy, 11 (12.2%) with pyramidal syndrome and 6 (6.7%) with epileptic seizures. The frequency of developing neurological disorders depended on age, duration and severity of dementia, concomitant hypertension, treatment with neuroleptics. Neurological syndromes were detected more frequently in patients with a predominance of attention and visual-spatial function disturbances.
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PMID:[Neurological disorders in Alzheimer's disease]. 2063 50

This is the first of two articles on the diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins. Primary varicosis is a congenital degenerative disease of the peripheral venous system of the lower extremities. The realisation factors are age, female sex and pregnancy. Degeneration of the peripheral veins leads to dilatation of the lumen and insufficient closure of the valves resulting in a backflow of blood from deep to the superficial venous system. This leads to ambulatory hypertension in the superficial venous system and recirculation of noteworthy amounts of venous drainage blood in the affected leg. Without treatment this results in the long term in variable degrees of decompensation of the recirculation pathways and an increasing (volume-induced) secondary insufficiency of the deep venous system. The result corresponds to the clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). When treatment is started early enough the pathological course can be reduced or avoided. The various therapeutic measures will be described in the second article of this series.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins. Part 1: definition, epidemiology, etiology, classification, clinical aspects, diagnostic and indications]. 2094 52

Stroke and dementia have typically been housed in different taxonomies. They are considered to be exemplars of very different forms of brain injury: stroke as an acute vascular injury and dementia as a progressive degenerative disease. Yet there is definite overlap between the two conditions: stroke increases the likelihood of developing dementia. Recent work has confirmed that vascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension predispose to dementia. However, in the absence of any clear findings of a direct pathway from stroke to degenerative dementia, the separation has persisted. In this review, we summarize the evidence relating to whether stroke can initiate or promote degenerative dementia and, in particular, Alzheimer's disease. The evidence comes from autopsy studies, from brain imaging studies, from studies of patients with symptomatic stroke and from studies in CADASIL. A number of studies have demonstrated that stroke can lead to changes in brain volume and cognitive performance, although generally of a different profile to the atrophy and cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease. Much of the evidence is circumstantial, and does little to support a claim that stroke triggers neurodegenerative dementia. The question, then, remains open. None of the studies reviewed included the necessary longitudinal follow-up of stroke patients incorporating cognitive assessment, imaging and pathology. Given the high prevalence and substantial burden of dementia, there is much to be gained from identifying prognostic markers and it remains an exciting idea that we might be able to identify a subgroup of stroke patients who are at high risk.
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PMID:Can stroke cause neurodegenerative dementia? 2195 7

Computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and interpretation may be extremely useful in handling analysis of data from large cohort studies and exploit research on the use of ECG data as prognostic markers for cardiovascular disease. The Moli-sani project (http://www.moli-sani.org) is a population-based cohort study aiming at evaluating the risk factors linked to chronic-degenerative disease with particular regard to cardiovascular disease and cancer and intermediate metabolic phenotypes such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Between March 2005 and April 2010, 24 325 people aged 35 years or older, living in the Molise region (Italy), were randomly recruited. A follow-up based on linkage with hospital discharge records and mortality regional registry and reexamination of the cohort is ongoing and will be repeated at prefixed times. Each subject was administered questionnaires on personal and medical history, food consumption, quality of life (FS36), and psychometry. Plasma serum, cellular pellet, and urinary spots were stored in liquid nitrogen. Subjects were measured blood pressure, weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences, and underwent spirometry to evaluate pulmonary diffusion capacity, gas diffusion, and pulmonary volumes. Standard 12-lead resting ECG was performed by a Cardiette ar2100-view electrocardiograph and tracings stored in digital standard communication protocol format for subsequent analysis. The digital ECG database of the Moli-sani project is currently being used to assess the association between physiologic variables and pathophyiosiologic conditions and parameters derived from the ECG signal. This computerized ECG database represents a unique opportunity to identify and assess prognostic factors associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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PMID:The Moli-sani project: computerized ECG database in a population-based cohort study. 2302 14

The scientific, medical, and lay communities are currently confronted with a serious medical and public health problem related to the marked non-remitting worldwide epidemic of obesity. This ever-increasing prevalence of obesity is accompanied by a host of inherently associated co-morbidities. As a result, obesity is fast becoming the major cause of premature death in the developed world. As pediatric and adult cardiologists, we have seen a dramatic increase in office referrals of overweight and obese children and adolescents, who already have obesity-related degenerative disease processes such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as manifestations of early preclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, not previously observed in this age group. This article presents a review of the literature and recent scientific statements and recommendations issued by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) regarding the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, including newer identification and treatment strategies for obesity, dyslipidemia, and early subclinical coronary artery disease seen in high-risk children and adolescents.
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PMID:Managing cardiovascular risk in overweight children and adolescents. 2358 Mar 44

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system, leading to dementia. The basis of AD is neurodegenerative process that leads to death of neurons in the cerebral cortex. This neurodegenerative process is associated with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and the deposition of senile plaques, the main component of which is a beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta). Risk factors for AD are age, as well as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in the pathogenesis of which involved angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)--key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems. Recently it was discovered that ACE, along with other metallopeptidases, participates in the metabolism of Abeta, cleaving the bonds at the N-terminal and C-terminal region of the molecule Abeta. The role of the ACE in the degradation processes of Abeta takes an interest. It is associated with the fact that the using of ACE inhibitors is the main therapeutic approach used in the treatment of various forms of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. However, until now not been resolved, can be used antihypertensive drugs that inhibit RAS for the treatment or prevention of AD. Currently, there are numerous studies on finding the relationship between RAS and AD.
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PMID:[Angiotensin converting enzyme and Alzheimer's disease]. 2365 Jul 20


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