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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental colibacillary (Escherichia coli) enterotoxemia as described in this report mimics natural edema disease both clinically and in gross pathology. The histopathology is characterized by accumulations of non-inflammatory edema and by arteriopathy. The smaller arterial and arteriolar changes recorded here are similar to those described in natural edema disease. The vascular changes described in recovered cases of experimental colibacillary enterotoxemia concur with those reported in so-called subacute and chronic edema disease. The arteriolar changes that occur in colibacillary enterotoxemia of swine are comparable to those associated with hypertension. Thin sections of cerebral cortex from four pigs with acute experimental edema disease were examined by electron microscopy in an attempt to demonstrate brain edema. Sections from one pig taken during the convulsive phase of disease revealed dilatation of perivascular glial processes. However, examination of sections taken from three other pigs during an earlier phase of the neurological disturbance revealed no significant lesions. We were unable to ascertain the role of brain edema in the pathogenesis of the nervous system disturbance in these experiments.
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PMID:Experimental edema disease of swine (E. coli enterotoxemia). 3. Pathology and pathogenesis. 427 56

Report of 4 cases of Takayasu type arteriopathy observed in the internal medicine department of Treichville Hospital (Abidjan University). During a one year study the prevalence appeared high in African women: 0.4 p. 100 of all female admittances; 1.2 of the female patients under 35 years; 2 p. 100 of the females admitted for cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis criteria are studied: epidemiological criteria (young age, with a mean value of 21 years); clinical and biological criteria: high blood pressure associated with the absence of one or several arterial peripheric pulses and the presence of one or several arterial murmurs; biological criteria which are negative in the four cases this negativity indicating an occlusive phase. Aortography is the main diagnosis support, showing the situation of the lesions, permitting a topographic classification and giving the mechanisms of blood hypertension with, sometimes, a therapeutic consequence. In one case an inflammatory condition of the aorta has been observed at the media adventitia junction. A systematic study of etiology has brought no evidence of another possible diagnosis. Pathogenic role of tuberculosis is suspected but had not yet been demonstrated.
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PMID:[Takayasu-type arteriopathies. Apropos of 4 cases observed in Ivory Coast]. 613 Apr 62

Seventy six children with documented Fanconi-type idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia were studied and compared with 41 with the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Clinical comparison showed, as expected, very close similarities but also considerable differences, particularly in the severity of feeding problems and the degree of failure to thrive. The estimated incidence of idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia alone has remained constant for the past 20 years, at approximately 18 cases per year in the United Kingdom (1 per 47 000 total live births). Long term morbidity in these children is mainly due to mental handicap and arteriopathy, but hypertension (29%), kyphoscoliosis (19%), hyperacusis (75%), and obesity (50%) may be added complications. In one child, hypercalcaemia recurred during adolescence but this seems to be excessively rare. More detailed investigation before treatment is required to discover the aetiology of hypercalcaemia in this condition.
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PMID:Idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia--a continuing enigma. 646 28

Among 280 infants under 1 year of age with congenital heart disease autopsied at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center between 1959 and 1978, there were six instances of grade IV1 pulmonary artery hypertension. Five were patients with ventricular septal defect (four associated with other cardiovascular malformations). The sixth was a patient with atrioventricular canal. The youngest was 2 1/2 months of age. Advanced degrees of pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy (grade IV or more) have been said to be rare in infants, especially under the age of 1 year. The fact that all of these cases occurred within the last few years of the study suggests the possibility of improved supportive care leading to the prolonged survival of infants who might otherwise have died prior to developing severe disease. In addition, the role of altitude in accelerating the arteriopathy must be considered in the present series. In any case, this unexpected increase in the frequency of severe pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy should stimulate consideration of early surgical correction of the underlying cardiovascular malformation, especially in areas of relatively high altitude.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease: irreversible vascular changes in young infants. 668 92

Numerous studies have recently been devoted to the effects of prostaglandins on blood vessels. Prostacyclin (PGI2) produces relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, thereby contributing, with other vasoactive substances, to the regulation of general and local haemodynamics. Moreover, it would appear that the effects of some risk factors in atherosclerosis are mediated, at least partly, by changes in prostaglandin production. The potent vasodilator action of prostacyclin has been confirmed in man and has been investigated in some pathological conditions, such as lower limb arteriopathy, malignant arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease. The vascular effects of many therapeutic drugs are now known to be associated with their action on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Further studies are required to determine the role of prostaglandins, especially prostacyclin, in the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin]. 676 97

In a semi-quantitative necropsy study, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) was an isolated anomaly in 35 cases and was associated with asplenia and either pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia in 22 cases. A comparison of the two groups showed pulmonary venous obstruction (26% vs. 4%), a small interatrial communication (51% vs. 4%), a patent ductus arteriosus or operative shunt (40% vs. 64%), medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries (80 vs. 23%), muscularization of arterioles (80% vs. 23%), capillary engorgement (60% vs. 27%) alveolar wall thickening (29% vs. 0%), interlobular septal oedema (34% vs. 14%), dilated lymphatics (80% vs. 45%), arterialization of pulmonary veins (86% vs. 68%), medial hypertrophy of veins (26% vs. 0%), and venous dilatation (74% vs. 50%). Only one patient, a 5-year-old girl with isolated TAPVC, had severe plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. In the remainder, the pulmonary lesions were those generally associated with reversible pulmonary venous hypertension; they were most striking in patients with pulmonary venous obstruction, and were least prominent in patients with pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia.
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PMID:Pulmonary vascular disease in 57 necropsy cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. 688 96

In female "salt-sensitive" (S) Dahl rats, with hypertension induced by 8% sodium chloride (NaCl) in the diet for six weeks, a severe generalized arteriopathy was observed histopathologically. Fibrinoid degeneration, medial hyperplasia and periarteritis were especially pronounced in the preglomerular arterial system of the kidneys. Necrosis of afferent glomerular arterioles led to regressive changes in the renal corpuscles. Numerous dilated renal tubules were filled with protein casts. In the heart, arterial lesions were predominantly localized in the outer wall of the right ventricle. Occlusion of intracardiac arteries was accompanied by focal myocardial necrosis and fibrous replacement of the myocardial fibres. A left ventricular hypertrophy was found. The degree of renal arteriopathy inversely correlated with the magnitude of the hematocrit. S rats treated with nifedipine, 300 ppm in addition to 8% NaCl in the diet remained normotensive. No changes in vessels, tissues or in the hematocrit were seen in any of the nifedipine-treated rats. The same picture was observed in "salt-resistant" (R) rats on a high (8%) and on a low (0.4%) NaCl diet. S rats fed a low NaCl diet showed only dilated renal tubules containing protein casts. It is assumed that nifedipine primarily decreases the renovascular resistance in S rats under salt load, enabling the kidney to eliminate excess sodium without inducing pressure natriuresis. Organ damage in salt-loaded S rats is thus due to a fulminant increase in blood pressure, compensating for the sluggish natriuresis.
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PMID:Prevention of hypertensive vasculopathy by nifedipine in salt-loaded Dahl rats. 689 Dec 46

The hypertensive arteriopathy is the complication of any blood pressure augmentation, whatever its cause. It results from the association of: 1. Enlargement of arterial and arteriolar media, due to a double process of smooth muscle cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia, usually considered as secondary to arterial smooth muscle overworking. 2. Degenerative changes and fibrosis of the media likely due to exudative phenomena and transfer of blood throughout the arterial wall. 3. Initimal proliferation is constituted by cells which resemble to smooth muscle cells and are usually considered as cells coming from the media and invading the intima. 4. Exudation of several elements coming from the blood (fibrinogen, plasma globulins, red corpuscles) are the common denominator of accelerated hypertension.
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PMID:[Hypertension and the arterial wall]. 703 52

The authors refer on 24 patients over 65 years of age suffering from obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs undergoing reconstructive surgery no matter the high surgical risk. These patients represent 12.3% of all vascular patients treated in five years of activity. The following risk factors are considered: 1) Heart disease; 2) Altered lipid metabolism; 3) Diabetes; 4) Arterial hypertension; 5) Hyperuricaemia; 6) Obesity; 7) Renal or hepatic insufficiency. Immediate results were excellent in 23 cases; one patient suffering from aortic barrage died of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Follow-up results also remained good; only one patient had to be re-operated two years later (disobliteration of branch of prosthesis) with a happy outcome. Two other patients died because of non vascular causes. The authors do not consider age amongst risk factors and prefer the extraperitoneal approach in disobliterating operations and refer using the transperitoneal route without problems in aortobifemoral bypasses. The authors state that risk factors did not alter neither the short nor the long-term follow-up results possibly because of medical correction of associated pathological states.
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PMID:[Reconstructive surgery in high-risk arteriopathic patients]. 721 68

99 non diabetic patients whose ocular examination showed characterized retinal arteriolosclerosis, with or without arterial hypertension, or macular alterations (senile degeneration, non aphakic retinal-vitreous interlayer syndrome, colloid degeneration) have been submitted to an cervico-encephalic vascular ultrasonographic Doppler examination. 25 to 56% revealed latent cerebral arteriopathy sometimes with arterial stenoses, peculiarly carotidal. Other 58, apparently healthy and likewise aged, tested in the same way, revealed only 12% notable arteriopathy.
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PMID:[Cervico-encephalic vascular ultrasonography Doppler examination and ophthalmoscopy (author's transl)]. 724 Jun 54


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