Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilating agent by virtue of its actions on vascular smooth muscle fibers. It may be administered intravenously (using either 5 p. cent dextrose, or propylene-glycol solvant), sublingually, orally or by topical administration. It is rapidly metabolized, principally by liver. Its is not toxic. The vasodilatation that is produced is both arterial and venous and is dose-related in dog (1 microgram to 100 micrograms/kg/min). However, resistance and tachphylaxis may occur. Its principal use is for angor treatment, but it has been used for the treatment of arteriopathy of the lower limbs, biliar hypertony and arterial hypertension. It has been recently administered for the treatment of acute phase of myocardial infarction and during pre, per- and post-operative periods in cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and hip surgery, as myocardial protector or anti-hypertensive agent or hypotensive agent. The absence of toxicity and the rapid reversibility of its cardio-vascular effects which are similar to the effects of sodium nitroprusside are important reasons for its use in anesthesia and cardiac intensive care.
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PMID:[Pharmacology of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. 11 40

A young man was discovered to have symptomless hypertension, which subsequently proved to be caused by fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries. Arterial disease was present on both sides but was more severe on the right. Samples of blood were obtained by selective catheterisation of each renal vein for the determination of plasma renin activity. The renal venous renin was greater on the right than on the left (ratio greater than 1-5 to 1) and secretion of renin by the left kidney was suppressed. Autotransplantation of the right kidney to the left internal iliac artery lowered the blood pressure at once and it has remained normal for 6 months. The implications of this procedure for the management of a bilateral disorder of the renal arteries, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, are discussed.
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PMID:Autotransplantation of the kidney for fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries. 78 26

With modern specific diagnostic studies like isotope renography, angiotensin-infusion-test, peripheral venous renin assay, comparative assays of the renin activity in the individual renal veins, and angiography the renal and renovascular causes for hypertension become more and more significant. When it has been shown that the hypertension is caused by a constriction of the renal arteries, instant operative therapy is indicated. The rare case of a dissectioning arteriopathy of the renal arterial wall causing hypertonia is described.
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PMID:[Dissecting arterial disease of the renal vessels as a cause of hypertension]. 90 39

The morphology of the placental bed spiral arteries was studied in 68 pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation and in 40 pregnancies with a normally grown fetus. When the birth weight was normal the extent and depth of physiological vascular changes were normal except in those pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. When the birth weight was low and the mothers were normotensive the extent and depth of physiological vascular changes were either normal or restricted, and in all patients with hypertension and a baby with low birth weight the physiological changes were restricted to the decidual segments of the spiral (uteroplacental) arteries. Acute atherosis was only found in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, particularly if there was proteinuria. We do not believe that there exists an arteriopathy which is common to hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation.
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PMID:Fetal growth retardation and the arteries of the placental bed. 91 17

Experience with 1000 cases of aorto-(bi)femoral bypass is presented evaluating factors influencing the overall patency rate and late survival, over a period of 25 years. There were 820 cases with bilateral and 180 with a unilateral bypass. Mortality was 3.3% and death rate 39.4%. Re-do procedures have been excluded. Operative indications were for stage I disease (moderate claudication) (17.6%), stage II (advanced claudication) (53.2%), stage III (rest pain and/or pregangrenous changes) (22.7%) and stage IV (gangrenous tissue loss (6.5%). Myocardial infarction was the predominant cause of late death in 192 cases (48.7%), followed by cancer in 48 (13%), cerebrovascular disease in 43 (11%), chronic lung disease with cor pulmonale in 15 (3.8%) and miscellaneous causes in 52 (13.2%) of patients. The cause of death was unknown in 31 (7.8%) cases. Co-existent peripheral arteriopathy (PAD) noted in 377 (37.7%) patients, was found to be a major determinant of late graft patency. Carotid artery disease and renovascular hypertension were corrected surgically, prior to aorto-femoral bypass in the 5.6% and concomitantly in 4.2%. Coronary artery disease in 273 (27.3%) patients and hypertension in 269 (26.9%), had a great influence on late survival as did age and smoking habits. Endarterectomy together with profundaplasty was carried out in 162 (16.2%) instances. It was our policy to extend the graft limb over the profunda femoris and in cases with co-existent superficial femoral artery disease 208 (20.8%). In 630 (63%) instances, the distal anastomosis was performed at the level of common femoral artery. Immediate graft patency was obtained in 99.3% of the cases. Late patency rate for stages I and II at 5, 10 and 15 years was 82%, 76% and 72% respectively. Following secondary operation for graft occlusion, the 15 year patency was increased to 71%. Co-existent superficial femoral disease can be alleviated by appropriate concomitant profundaplasty. Amputation rates were 0.8% for stage II, 1.5% for stage III and 2.4% for stage IV disease. Twenty year life table analysis showed a reduced survival (54%), in comparison with normal population (77%).
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PMID:Aorto-femoral bypass and determinants of early success and late favourable outcome. Experience with 1000 consecutive cases. 128 3

We have retrospectively studied 814 diabetic outpatients, 407 hypertensives and 407 normotensives. The aim of the study was to investigate on possible associations between macroangiopathic complications (coronary heart disease, peripheral and cerebral arteriopathy) and well recognized risk factors for atherosclerosis. Macroangiopathy was present in 27% of males and 24% of females (p = NS), and in 32% of hypertensives and 18% of normotensives (p < 0.0001). Macroangiopathy associated, in both sexes, with age and duration of diabetes, but did not correlate, instead, with metabolic control, obesity, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. High triglyceride levels were associated strictly with arterial hypertension, in both sexes, but are more elevated in men. Risk factors for atherosclerosis seem not to be simply considered in the same way in diabetic and non diabetic populations.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension and macroangiopathic complications in a group of diabetic out-patients]. 130 Apr 64

Considering the common aspects of tissue structure of the aorta and pulmonary artery the authors suggest that in unspecific aortoarteritis in the form of generalized arteriopathy, involvement of pulmonary artery is real. Analysed were 45 autopsy cases. In 31 cases vessel changes of two kinds were seen: destructive-proliferative and sclerotic. Not all cases of sclerotic changes may be explained by lesser circulation hypertension and, thus, the reported data evidence frequent involvement of the pulmonary arteries with development of generalized pathology of the vascular system.
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PMID:[Nonspecific aortoarteritis with involvement of the pulmonary arteries]. 144 41

A 25-yr-old female with noncirrhotic portal fibrosis underwent a lienorenal shunt for variceal bleed. Ten years after shunt surgery, she presented with progressive breathlessness, and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected, to which she subsequently succumbed. Autopsy revealed classical plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension complicating noncirrhotic portal fibrosis. 151 84

We report two cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHT) in HIV infected patients who never were, or had ceased to be, drug addicts. A study of these cases and a review of the literature show that this association is not fortuitous and persists after the classical causes of PAHT (pulmonary embolism, toxic factors, cirrhosis) have been excluded. The clinical features and the results of complementary cardiovascular examinations are identical with those of the so-called "primary" PAHT. The prognosis is severe: 50 percent of the patients died of the consequences of PAHT 1 year after the first clinical signs. Histology displays signs of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, as in primary PAHT. In HIV patients pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs independently of the degree of immunodeficiency. Its relation with other HIV-related vasculites and their physiopathology are discussed.
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PMID:["Primary" pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection. Two cases]. 153 6

Sneddon syndrome is know as the association of idiopathic livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions. The most characteristic trait of this syndromes is a non-inflammatory arteriopathy in medium caliber vessels. The pathogenic role of antiphospholipid antibodies in this disease is not clear. Clinical characteristics and etiopathogenic features of eight patients with Sneddon's syndrome are reviewed, specially regarding its relationship with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. A female predominance was found (3:1) as well as a relationship with hypertension (five patients suffered hypertension), but no relation was found with contraceptive use. Three patients showed evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies, present as anticardiolipin antibodies with significative titers in three cases and lupus anticoagulant in one. Digital artery biopsy performed in four patients showed in all of them the pathologic features characteristic of this disease. Seven patients were treated with platelet activity inhibitors and one with oral anticoagulants. Six of them have had a year and half follow-up without showing any new ischemic stroke. The main etiopathogenic factor on Sneddon's syndrome is the presence of a non-inflammatory arteriopathy in medium caliber vessels. Blood hypertension and antiphospholipid antibodies could play a role in the development of cerebrovascular lesions in some cases. No relationship has been found with oral contraceptives in this series of patients. Medium term prognosis with platelet activity inhibitors therapy seems benign.
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PMID:[Sneddon's syndrome: its clinical characteristics and etiopathogenic factors]. 846 57


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