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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify ways in which the safety of childbirth might be increased, we investigated the causes of death among the 886 women who died during pregnancy or within 90 days post partum ("maternal deaths") in Massachusetts from 1954 through 1985. The maternal mortality rate declined from 50 per 100,000 live births in the early 1950s to the current rate of 10 per 100,000 live births. Between one third and one half of the maternal deaths were considered to have been preventable. The leading causes of maternal death from 1954 through 1957 were infection, cardiac disease, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and hemorrhage. In contrast, from 1982 through 1985 the leading causes of death were trauma (suicide, homicide, and motor vehicle accidents) and pulmonary embolus. We observed a rapid increase in the frequency of death among women who received little or no antenatal care. From 1980 through 1984 the maternal mortality rate for white women was 9.6 per 100,000 live births, whereas for nonwhites it was 35 per 100,000 live births (relative risk, 2.9; 95 percent confidence limits, 2.5 and 3.2). Fifty percent of the nonwhite women who died during pregnancy or within 90 days post partum received little or no antenatal care, in contrast to only 15 percent of the white women. These data show that the leading causes of maternal death have changed markedly in Massachusetts during the past 30 years. Although the overall maternal mortality rate has declined sharply, further improvement may occur with better antenatal care and specific efforts to prevent trauma and pulmonary embolus.
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PMID:Maternal mortality in Massachusetts. Trends and prevention. 382 98

Social, economic, and medical variables correlated with "psychogenic" death rates across about 30 countries. However, McClelland's psychological motives of achievement, affiliation, and power, determined for each country by content analysis of children's stories, did not. Status integration correlated positively with homicide and negatively with deaths from suicide and ulcers. Low life expectancy, wealth, economic growth, wine consumption, and zinc (cadmium) consumption correlated with deaths from homicide, suicide, ulcers, cirrhosis and hypertension, respectively.
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PMID:"Psychogenic" death: a reappraisal. 546 Jun 5

Achievement motivation scores derived fromn analyses of content of children's stories from 16 countries predicted death rates dut to ulcers and hypertension, and power motivation scores predicted death rates due to murder, suicide, and cirrhosis of the liver 25 years later.
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PMID:National motives predict psychogenic death rates 25 years later. 564 37

The authors retrospectively investigated 62 diabetics who had received dialytic therapy at our department and our associated hospital over the past 10 years. We studied the complications and causes of death among the 62 subjects. Of the 62 patients (male 42, female 20), 27 (male 21, female 6), had died. The causes of death in the 27 cases included 7 from general weakness, 4 from gastrointestinal bleeding, 4 from cerebrovascular hemorrhage or thrombosis, 3 suicide, 3 congestive heart failure, 2 myocardial infarction, 2 hyperkalemia, 1 infection and 1 from hepatoma. With regard to diabetic retinopathy, 19 of the 62 patients suffered from bilateral blindness and 12 from unilateral blindness. In 8 patients, visual complications developed after hemodialysis, but 16 patients were already blind at the introduction of hemodialysis. There was no evidence that retinopathy was accelerated by dialysis and the authors suggest that the treatment of retinopathy is very important at the nondialyzed stage. With regard to other complications in dialyzed diabetics, unstable hypertension, diabetic gastroenteropathy, peripheral neuropathy, ischemic heart disease and gangrene were discovered in our population. Some rehabilitation was possible in all but 3 of the subjects (1 peripheral neuropathy, 2 leg amputation).
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PMID:Clinical study of complications in dialyzed diabetics. 668 May 16

While the current literature contains numerous studies and even more numerous assumptions linking aspects of the work setting, stress, and mortality; no systematic investigation has been made of possible patterns of stress-induced self-destructive behaviors among the work settings per se. This research paper attempts to help fill that gap by reporting on an analysis of data on industry, age and mortality rates for seven stress-related causes of death (suicide, homocide, hypertensive heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, arteriosclerotic heart disease, ulcer of the stomach, and hypertension). Using available United States' mortality statistics, a consistent pattern is found for all of the stress-related types of deaths by industry and age. A suggested explanation of this pattern is based on status integration theory.
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PMID:Is work conducive to self-destruction? 717 4

The number of colony-forming cells (CFC) in cord blood has been found to be widely dispersed (478 +/- 1003/ml or 3-5200). However, a few samples (7 of 37 in this series) contained more than 478 CFC/ml and in four of these cases a history of prenatal hypertension or infection was found. In the other 30 cases the mean number of CFC was 140.6 +/- 116.9/ml blood (3-390), which, however, remains much higher than data found for adult blood. In these 30 cased the mean number of cord blood CFC in newborns of less than 37 weeks gestational age was found significantly higher (194.2 +/- 125.8/ml) than in full-term babies (99.7 +/- 93./ml, P less than 0.025). Cord blood CFC were shown to be early developing, high cycling cells. Velocity sedimentation separation showed only one population of CFC in blood with low cloning efficiency similar in size to adult blood CFC, but with a higher suicide level. Two populations of different sizes were separated in cord blood with high cloning efficiency, the larger cell population being similar to the adult bone marrow, early developing CFC. In premature newborns and in some perinatal conditions, hematopoiesis is characterized by a high level of circulating CFC with the appearance of a population of large cycling cells. The relationship between these findings and neonatal hematology is discussed.
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PMID:Granulomonocyte colony-forming cells in cord blood. 725 56

Patterns of habits of nervous tension (HNT) recorded by medical students who later developed cancer, coronary occlusion, hypertension, or mental illness, or who committed suicide, were compared with those of students who remained healthy 15 to 30 years later. Data came from the 25-item HNT Questionnaire previously reported. Unpaired t tests and two-group discriminant function analyses were the chief statistical methods used. Compared with those of the healthy group, the overall HNT patterns were significantly different for the cancer, coronary occlusion, mental illness and suicide groups. The overall pattern for the hypertension group did not reach significance. It therefore appears that youthful reactions to stress as self-reported in a checklist of habits of nervous tension reflect individual psychobiological differences that are linked with future health or disease.
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PMID:Precursors of premature disease and death: habits of nervous tension. 742 Aug 7

Obstetrician-gynecologists reviewed patient records of women delivering during January 1986-December 1992 to determine the maternal mortality rate and trends and the causes of maternal deaths in the maternity ward at the National University of Singapore. There were 26,173 deliveries and 9 maternal deaths (a maternal mortality rate of 22.9/100,000). The causes of maternal deaths were pulmonary embolism (underlying condition, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), hemorrhage from multiple sites (thrombotic thrombocytopenia), acute exacerbation of SLE with interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis (systemic sclerosis), fulminant hepatitis (prior hepatitis and liver disease), and cerebral embolism (rheumatic heart disease with mitral valve replacement). There were also three incidental maternal deaths bringing the maternal mortality rate up to 34.4/1000. The incidental causes of death included septicemia from perforated peptic ulcer (uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis), multiple metastases from lung cancer, and suicide (family dispute over adoption of newborn). A cesarean section preceded 4 (44%) of the 9 maternal deaths. Two of these deaths were incidental maternal deaths. Cesarean section was related to two of the remaining six (33%) deaths. These findings show that traditional direct causes of maternal death (hemorrhage, sepsis, embolism, or hypertension) were not responsible for the maternal deaths at this tertiary facility. Instead, the women tended to have medical conditions that placed them at high risk of death regardless of pregnancy status.
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PMID:Maternal mortality: evolving trends. 781 Nov 98

Depression is a common condition in the geriatric population. A retrospective study of 30 elderly patients suffering from neurotic depression, who were admitted consecutively to a general hospital psychiatric ward, showed a predominance of females (n = 21) over males (n = 9) and young-old (65 to 74 years, n = 22) more than old-old (75 years or over, n = 8). Their ages ranged from 65 to 85 years with a mean of 71.6 years, SD 5.5 years. Co-existing physical disorders were present in every patient, the average being 1.8 per patient, and half (n = 15) had two or more physical disorders. Cardiovascular diseases (e.g. ischaemic heart disease and hypertension) and diabetes mellitus were present in about seven-eighths of the patients. The two commonest symptoms were low mood (n = 18, 60%) and vague somatic complaints inexplicable by any physical pathology (n = 19, 63%). Sleep disturbance bothered 12 patients (40%), while nine (30%) had attempted suicide. Twenty patients (67%) were prescribed antidepressants and 13 (43%) received benzodiazepines in low dosages, mainly as hypnotics. Electroconvulsive therapy was necessary for two patients with high suicidal risk. The mean duration of admission was 15.3 days, SD 12.9 days.
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PMID:Neurotic depression in the elderly. 794 52

In recent years health professionals have been concerned about the health of aborigines which has been neglected for a long time. Health disparities are known to exist among aborigines and non-aborigines in the United States or other countries. In Taiwan, there are nine main aboriginal tribes consisting of approximately 330,000 people. In general, their health status, evaluated by life expectancy, mortality rates and the prevalence and incidence of various diseases amongst them, is worse than amongst the rest of the Taiwanese (general) population. Current investigations indicate that life expectancy for aborigines is on average 10 years less than that of the general population; 12.5 years less for men, 6 years less for women; approaching a standardized mortality ratio of 2 fold, that is 2.1 fold in men, 1.7 fold in women. Accidental injures, suicide, tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholism, pneumonia, bronchitis, parasite infections are the most important sources of diseases. Hypertension, heart disease, some selected sites of cancer, nutrition and lack of adaptation are gradually becoming important new sources of disorders. Although aboriginal health has improved over the decades, the author estimates that their overall health status is 25-30 years behind that of the general population or of off-shore islanders. The extent of their development varies with tribes. It is necessary to study the cause of why aborigines die so young. It may be due to insufficient medical care for heart disease whose prevalence is relatively low among aborigines but resultant mortality is nevertheless high. However, insufficient medical care cannot explain the high incidence of a number of cancers and resultant mortality. All factors relating to the environment, agents, hosts and diseases should be taken into consideration, such culture, transportation, life style, health behavior etc, and compared to those of non-aborigines. A series of studies are proposed to address the specific, multi-dimensional health demands of the aborigines. The author suggests the development of prevention and intervention strategies designed to overcome difficulties and barriers to eliminate these disparities among the people of Taiwan.
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PMID:[Issues on aboriginal health in Taiwan]. 808 70


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