Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Authors discuss hyperostosis frontalis interna observed in a large number of aged persons, on the basis of age and sex distribution as well as its clinical and roentgenomorphological analysis. In various forms of the ossification of the frontal bone no significant difference was found between the localisation of hyperostosis and the clinical symptoms. On other hand, there is a direct correlation between the extension and severity of hyperostosis and the frequency of occurence of the associated symptoms (obesity, hypertension). They found the aetiological classification more adequate than the morphological categorization of Moore. Their cases are discussed 1. as partial phenomenon of the Morgagni's syndrome; 2. as independent alteration, showing no other symptoms; 3. as transitionary forms inserted between the two groups mentioned above. They discuss also the question of senile, compensatory hyperostosis frontalis interna. On the basis of the study of a large autopsy material they support the opinion that there is a direct connection of this form with old age.
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PMID:Gerontological aspects of hyperostosis frontalis interna. 2 47

Glucocorticoid stimulation and suppression tests are essential to the definitive diagnosis of diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, because they document abnormal physiologic control of hormonal secretion. Similarly, diseases of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis are diagnosed by mineralocorticoid stimulation and suppression testing. [Ed. Note: See Moore TJ, Williams GH: Adrenal causes of hypertension, in this issue.] Unlike tests of glucocorticoid function, testing of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system is more complicated, because knowledge of posture and dietary sodium are necessary to interpret the results. However, measurement of the tropic hormone renin and plasma levels of aldosterone can be accurately made, allowing precise definition of this system. Errors are most commonly encountered when dynamic tests of cortisol output are performed in patients taking medications that may interfere with the assays or with the metabolism of the administered compounds, such as dexamethasone or metyrapone. Abnormal, spurious values may also be obtained in some individuals who do not have adrenocortical hyperfunction if they are very obese or if testing is performed in a setting of clinical stress. Careful attention to these pitfalls will avoid errors and allow the clinician to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Adrenal function testing. 21 24

Seven consanguine monogamous SHR couples (G 1) were treated from their 5th to their 39th week of age with prazosin, 100 micrograms/kg/day i.p. Male rats were treated without interruption. Treatment was withheld in female rats from delivery to weaning. They were compared to seven similar SHR couples who were only daily i.p. injected with the same volume of solvent. Second (G 2) generation rats (untreated were studied. In G 1 female rats only, prazosin induced a transient decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), 6 hours after the injection, at 25 weeks of age. SBP, heart weight/body weight ratio and plasma renin activity remained unchanged at 39 weeks of age. Gestational parameters were not changed by the treatment, and no parameter was changed in G 2 rats. A previous study in the same conditions with another alpha 1-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, nicergoline, showed an inhibition of hypertension development in G 1 rats together with a preventive effect on untreated G 2 SHR (Moore et al., 1983). Thus prazosin failed to produce similar antihypertensive effects both in the treated rats and in their offspring and one can therefore conclude that nicergoline's effects were not only due to alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade.
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PMID:[Absence of the antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with prazosin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and their offspring]. 293 5

In the period 1982-1996, 7,476 aortocoronary bypass surgeries were performed at the University Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery in Novi Sad with perioperative mortality of 2.85%. In 242 patients (3.24%) an additional thrombendarterectomy procedure of carotid arteries was performed with indications such as: positive neurologic symptoms; critical morphology of carotid lesions according to Wesley-Moore symptomatology and critical stenosis. The cardiac status of patients was as follows: poor left ventricular function (EF--ejection fraction--30%) in 42 patients (19.2%), left main coronary artery stenosis in 31 patients (12.8%), endarterectomy of coronary arteries due to diffuse and distal coronary occlusive disease in 93 patients (38.5%) and isolated aortocoronary bypass in 149 patients (61.8%). The status of carotid arteries was as follows: unilateral stenosis in 156 patients and bilateral stenosis in 63. Depending on the carotid or cardiac finding, our surgical strategies differed: 65 patients (26.8%) underwent simultaneous operation, 141 patients (58.2%) underwent two-stage operation and in 36 patients (14.9%) three-stage operation was performed. Postoperative complications included: neurological deficit in 4 patients (1.7%); Transient ischemic attacks in 5 patients (2.1%); myocardial infarction in 6 patients (2.7%); hemorrhage in 2 patients (0.9%); gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 3 patients (1.4%); pulmonary complications in 2 patients (0.9%); serious rhythmic disorders in 1 patient (0.5%) and therapeutically resistant hypertension in 1 patient (0.5%). Ten patients (4.1%) died. Causes of death: cardiac in 3 patients (1.4%), neurological in 3 patients (1.4%), pulmonary embolism in 1 patient (0.5%) and other causes in 3 patients (1.4%). The operative risk in this group of polyvascular patients is higher than in the "group with isolated aortocoronary disease". Appropriate indications for surgery in one, two or three stages significantly decrease mortality in these patients. Simultaneous operation is reserved for patients with severe neurological symptoms and unstable angina.
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PMID:[Coronary and carotid occlusive disease--surgical techniques and results]. 947 32

Accuracy of computerized nutrient databases is an important consideration in selecting a nutrient analysis system. We project compared the nutrient content of daily menus calculated from 4 microcomputer programs to chemical analysis of menus analyzed for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Thirty-six menus were entered at 2 independent DASH sites using the ESHA Food Processor, Minnesota Nutrition Data System, Moore's Extended Nutrient Database, and Nutritionist IV databases. Food prepared according to these menus was chemically analyzed at the Food Analysis Laboratory Control Center at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg. Estimates for 13 nutrients were compared: energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, carbohydrate, protein, cholesterol, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, and sodium. The overall intraclass correlation between the 2 sites' data entry was 0.998; thus, values were averaged for analyses. Databases varied significantly in their mean deviations from chemical analyses values for saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and iron (P < .05); however, these differences were small (< 10%). Absolute deviations, which estimate the combined effect of bias and precision, were significantly different among databases for energy, saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated acids. Absolute differences from the laboratory values varied by < 15%, except for iron. All 4 databases were comparable in accuracy and precision and performed well. Criteria for database selection depends not only on overall database accuracy, especially for nutrients of interest, but also on the ease of use of the program, relevant features of the associated software; and cost.
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PMID:Comparison of 4 nutrient databases with chemical composition data from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group. 1045 Feb 94

A comparison of the cardiovascular actions of the extract of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae (RST), the root of a Chinese hero Stephania tetrandra S Moore, in rats with those of tetrandrine (Tet), the best known active component of RST was reviewed. The RST extract inhibits Ca2+ influx into the myocyte and reduces protein release during reperfusion with a Ca2+ containing solution following perfusion with a Ca2+ free solution (Ca2+ paradox), and arrhythmia during reperfusion in the isolated perfused heart. It also reduces the infarct size induced by ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the RST extract suppresses elevation of arterial blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. It does not further reduce the heart rate and coronary flow significantly during myocardial ischemia. The effects are similar to those of Tet. When compared with the same doses of Tet alone, the RST extract, of which 9% is Tet, produces equally potent effects on infarction, arrhythmias, coronary flow and heart rate, and has a greater inhibitory effect on protein release during Ca2+ paradox. The combination at 1:1 ratio of Tet and fangchinoline (Fan), another main component, which constitutes 6% of the RST extract and has no significant effects on the heart, produces comparable effects on protein release during Ca2+ paradox as Tet alone. The observations suggest that the efficacy of the RST extract cannot be accounted for by Tet alone. Some of the effects may be due to an interaction between the components of the extract. The RST extract also produces similar effects as verapamil, a prototype Ca2+ channel antagonist widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases and hypertension, except that verapamil, at 1 mumol/L, a concentration that produces similar cardiac effects as the RST extract, further reduces heart rate significantly during ischemia. So the RST extract may be a therapeutically better agent in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases and hypertension than Ca2+ channel antagonists because of the absence of the inhibitory effect on heart rate during myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Cardiovascular actions of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae: a comparison with its main component, tetrandrine. 1160 80

Tetrandrine (Tet) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Radix of Stephaniae tetrandrae S Moore. Cardiac and vascular remodeling confers a very definite risk of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Remodeling reversal has been achieved in human and experimental animals treated with some antihypertensive drugs but not all. This review will focus on cardiovascular remodeling and therapeutic effects of Tet. Three models, SHR, RHR (high renin), and DOCA-Salt HR (low renin) were used. Left ventricular and vascular remodeling had been developed in rats with 8-week untreated hypertension. Tet was administrated by ig 50 mg/kg/d for 9 weeks. Tet lowered SBP, left ventricular weight to body weight ratio, vascular media thickness, media to lumen ratio, cardiac and vascular wet weight, and collagen content. Tet decreased markedly the density and total number of dihydropyridine binding sites and also decreased Ca2+ overload in myocardium and vessels. Tet improved haemodynamic changes during remodeling special diastolic function such as LV compliance and stiffness, increased cardiac myosin ATPase activity and Na+-K+, Ca2+ ATPase activity, and normalized vascular reactivity. Tet inhibited proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, induced and sensitized VSMCs to pro-apoptosis stimulation, improved the endothelial function, and increased NO production. These results suggest that Tet was not only an anti-hypertensive drug but also an excellent drug to reverse cardiac and vascular remodeling.
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PMID:Effects of tetrandrine on cardiac and vascular remodeling. 1246 44

Autoimmune diseases characterized by activation of immune effector cells and damage of target organs are currently treated with a combination of several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that preserve different immunomodulatory mechanisms. Such a combination treatment strategy not only provides synergistic effects but also reduces side effects from individual drug. Tetrandrine (Tet), purified from a creeper Stephania tetrandra S Moore, is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid and has been used to treat patients with silicosis, autoimmune disorders, and hypertension in Mainland China for decades. The accumulated studies both in vitro and in vivo reveal that Tet preserves a wide variety of immunosuppressive effects. Importantly, the Tet-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms are evidently different from some known DMARDs. The synergistic effects have also been demonstrated between Tet and other DMARDs like FK506 and cyclosporin. These results highlight Tet a very potential candidate to be considered as one of DMARDs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes evidence-based in vivo and in vitro studies on this potential Chinese immunosuppressive herb.
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PMID:Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of plant alkaloid tetrandrine in autoimmune diseases. 1246 46

Kidney impairment of different origins can lead within a short time to structural and functional maladaptations of the kidney, which may culminate in end-stage renal failure. The most common causes of chronic renal failure are due to hypertensive and diabetic renal impairment [Moore et al. 1999, Ritz et al. 1999]. Moreover, an inadequate blood pressure control in primary renal diseases further accelerates the decline of renal function. In spite of improved therapeutic measures the number of patients with chronic renal failure continues to increase dramatically [Mailloux and Haley 1998]. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure are extraordinarily high and are more frequent than that observed in the general population [Vita et al. 1999]. Measures, which can reduce the high incidence of cardiovascular complications, have priority in the treatment of chronic renal failure patients. ACE-inhibitors have been shown to be the best choice in this case. Until now a possible role for sympathetic hyperactivity has not been seriously considered although there is very good clinical and experimental evidence for such a role. This overview will give a summary of the currently known experimental and clinical findings about the role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and renal disease and to expound possible therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:Mechanisms and consequences of sympathetic hyperactivity in renal disease. 1294 May 38

Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the dried root of Hang-Fang-Chi (Stephania tetrandra S. Moore), is well known to possess activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrotic and anticancer. It is used clinically to treat hypertension and silicosis. In the present study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of TET were evaluated on three different hepatoma cell lines, namely Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5 and Hep 3B. Using XTT assay, results showed that the IC50 values of TET were 4.35 microM for Hep G2, 9.44 microM for PLC/PRF/5 and 10.41 microM for Hep 3B cells. The CC50 of TET against BNL-CL.2 mouse normal liver cells was 31.12 microM. Interestingly, TET exhibited a lower IC50 value and better selectivity against Hep G2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells than cisplatin. Microscopic observation study, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometric analysis further supported apoptotic effect of TET on both PLC/PRF/5 and Hep 3B cells. The cell cycle of PLC/PRF/5 treated with TET appeared to arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner, whereas no effect was noted on the cell cycle of Hep 3B cells. The present study concludes that TET exhibited anti-proliferative effect on Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5 and Hep 3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. TET also possesses a lower IC50 and better SI value than cisplatin against Hep G2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells. The effect of TET on cell cycle progression was found to vary with the type of hepatoma cells, suggesting the genetic make-up of the cells play an important role in the response to drug treatment.
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PMID:Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of tetrandrine on different human hepatoma cell lines. 1643 45


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