Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transarterial renal embolization has been used in the management of renal cancer. We report on 9 patients who underwent selective and superselective renal arterial embolization for nonmalignant renal lesions. Embolization was done in 5 patients for hemorrhage owing to renal angiomas, renal artery, pseudoaneurysm, percutaneous renal biopsy and adult polycystic kidney disease, and in 2 patients with end stage renal disease because of massive proteinuria. Another chronic renal failure patient with severe hypertension was treated successfully with bilateral renal embolization. A postoperative renal arteriovenous fistula was treated successfully by catheter vaso-occlusion. Renal embolization may be a suitable alternative to surgery in poor operative risk patients and for technically difficult benign lesions. Renal infection is a contraindication to embolization.
 ...
PMID:Percutaneous vaso-occlusion for nonmalignant renal lesions. 684 8

Endothelin-1 stimulates aldosterone secretion by interacting with specific receptors. Accordingly, we wished to investigate endothelin-1, endothelin-A (ETA) receptor, and endothelin-B (ETB) receptor gene expression, localization, and properties in aldosterone-producing adenomas and in the normal human adrenal cortex. We carried out 125I-endothelin-1 displacement studies with cold endothelin-1, endothelin-3, the specific ETA antagonist BQ-123, and the specific ETB weak agonist sarafotoxin 6 C and coanalyzed data with the nonlinear iterative curve-fitting program LIGAND. We also studied gene expression with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for endothelin-1, ETA, and ETB complementary DNA. Normal adrenal cortices from consenting kidney cancer patients (n = 2) and aldosterone-producing adenomas (n = 4) were studied; for the latter, surrounding normal cortex and kidney biopsy tissue served as controls. To further localize the receptor subtypes, tissue sections were studied by autoradiography in the presence and absence of 500 nmol/L BQ-123, 100 nmol/L sarafotoxin 6 C, and 1 mumol/L cold endothelin-1. In all tissues examined, endothelin-1, ETA, and ETB messenger RNAs were easily detected. However, in aldosterone-producing adenomas, both receptors' genes were expressed at a higher level than in the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1995 Apr
PMID:Endothelin-1 and its receptors A and B in human aldosterone-producing adenomas. 772 42

Due to the development of the duplex mode, combining ultrasound images with Doppler recording, and especially the development of flow colour coding. Doppler is now increasingly used to investigate the kidney and male genital tract. It is now the technique of choice in the initial diagnosis of certain renal diseases: primary renal vein thrombosis, iatrogenic and malformative arteriovenous anomalies, vascular complications of renal transplantation, and for examination of the scrotal contents in a context of acute scrotum or investigation of the cavernosal arteries in the case of erection disorders. It allows a rapid diagnosis and guides the subsequent radiological assessment. Doppler can also provide useful or even essential additional information in the case of a known abnormality such as renal cancer, in which it defines the venous extension when CT scan is technically insufficient. In certain fields, such as diagnosis of renovascular hypertension or exploration of the prostate, the place of Doppler is still poorly defined and remains controversial, except in a few specialised centres equipped with sophisticated apparatuses used by experienced operators. After briefly reviewing Doppler techniques and the basic steps in interpretation, the authors define the contribution and limitations of colour Doppler in the investigation of the urinary tract and male genital tract. Normal appearances and the results of Doppler-ultrasound in nephrourological disease are illustrated.
 ...
PMID:[Color Doppler ultrasonography in urology]. 785 36

We investigated the localization and density of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors in human renal biopsy specimens by using in vitro micro-autoradiography (ARG) of [125I]-alpha-human (1-28) ANP. In a preliminary study, we measured the effect of storing tissue samples on ANP binding, using in vitro micro-ARG of Wistar rat kidney under optimal conditions. Duration of the preservation period did not affect ANP binding to renal tissue until samples had been stored at -30 degrees C for two years. A total of 11 human renal tissues were used to assay binding of ANP-ARG, including normal tissue obtained after nephrectomy because of renal cancer. ANP binding occurred predominantly within the glomerulus and, to a lesser extent, in the tubular region both in rat kidney sections and in human renal biopsy specimens. The density of ANP binding, calculated by counting grains in fixed areas, was compared with normal and pathological tissues. The density of grains tended to decrease in patients with renal dysfunction and hypertension except for one case of IgA nephropathy with normal renal function and blood pressure. The density of grains increased in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In the present study, we have established a method that uses in vitro micro-ARG for assessing ANP binding in human biopsy specimens.
 ...
PMID:In vitro micro-autoradiography of atrial natriuretic peptide in biopsy specimens from patients with renal diseases. 799 64

Use of prescription diuretics and incidence of renal cell cancer have increased in the United States in the past 25 years. Recent interview-based epidemiologic studies have reported an association between diuretic use and renal cell cancer risk. Our study evaluated this hypothesis using, for the first time, medical records as the source of the information on prescription diuretic use. Using medical records of women from a prepaid health plan, we identified 191 cases and 191 controls matched on age, membership duration, and membership at diagnosis. Diuretics use and history of potential confounding factors were ascertained by a standardized review of the medical records of each subject, without reference to case or control status. There was a strong and statistically significant association between renal cell cancer and prescription diuretics (odds ratio [OR] adjusted for hypertension, smoking, and obesity = 2.9, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-4.7). Risk tended to increase with dose, measured by number of prescriptions. Since renal cancer can induce hypertension, which is treated by diuretics, and thereby confound the association with diuretics, we examined diuretic use 10 or more years prior to diagnosis when secondary hypertension would be unlikely. The OR for prescriptions 10 or more years before diagnosis was 3.5 (CI = 1.7-7.4). Our results support earlier reports of an excess risk of renal cell cancer among users of prescription diuretics and indicate need for further study to evaluate this relationship, especially due to the extensive use of diuretics and the increasing incidence of this cancer.
 ...
PMID:Increased risk of renal cell cancer among women using diuretics in the United States. 828 Aug 33

Coexistence of renal cell carcinoma and renal artery disease is an unusual and challenging problem. From 1969 to 1991, 34 patients presented with localized renal cell carcinoma and renal artery disease affecting all of the functioning renal parenchyma. These patients represented 4 categories: 1) a solitary kidney with renal cell carcinoma and renal artery disease (5), 2) bilateral renal cell carcinoma and coexistent renal artery disease (5), 3) unilateral renal cell carcinoma and contralateral renal artery disease (13), and 4) unilateral renal cell carcinoma and bilateral renal artery disease (11). Atherosclerosis was the most common cause of renal artery disease (30), followed by medial fibroplasia (2), renal artery aneurysm (1) and arteriovenous malformation (1). A total of 23 patients (68%) presented with azotemia (serum creatinine 1.5 mg./dl. or more) and 11 (32%) presented with hypertension. All patients underwent complete surgical excision of renal cell carcinoma. A nephron sparing operation was performed preferentially (30 patients) and bilateral renal cancer operations were staged. Eight patients underwent simultaneous partial (6) or radical (2) nephrectomy and surgical renal revascularization. There were no operative deaths. Postoperatively, preservation of renal function was achieved in 33 patients and 1 required chronic dialysis. At mean followup of 47 months 23 patients (68%) were alive with no evidence of malignancy and 2 were alive with recurrent renal cell carcinoma. Three patients died of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, while 6 died of unrelated causes. All of the latter 6 patients were free of renal cell carcinoma at death. Nephron sparing surgery combined occasionally with renal arterial reconstruction can yield gratifying results in this complex patient population.
 ...
PMID:Management of renal cell carcinoma with coexistent renal artery disease. 834 89

A number of medical conditions have been linked with renal-cell cancer, although the evidence is not consistent in every case. In a large international case-control study of renal-cell cancer, we examined, among other hypotheses, associations with a personal history of certain medical conditions and a family history of cancer of the kidney or thyroid. Relative risks (RR), adjusted for the effects of age, gender, body-mass index, tobacco smoking and study centre, were significantly increased by a history of kidney stones or thyroid or kidney disease. The RR were not altered by additional adjustment for hypertension, or when diagnoses were restricted to those made at least 5 or 10 years before 1987 (the usual "cut-off" date). The link with kidney injury is particularly likely to be affected by recall bias. Increased RR of borderline significance were found for kidney infection (RR, 1.2) and diabetes (RR, 1.4). Having one first-degree relative with kidney cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk of renal-cell cancer (RR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 1.1-2.4). Seven cases reported 2 first-degree relatives with kidney cancer. No controls had first-degree relatives with kidney cancer. None of our participants reported having von Hippel-Lindau disease. The data suggests that a few conditions of the kidney are strongly associated with renal-cell cancer and that heredity plays a role in a small proportion of cases.
 ...
PMID:International renal-cell-cancer study. VI. the role of medical and family history. 864 39

A nested case-control study was designed to evaluate whether a nearly twofold excess of kidney cancer among workers at a refinery/petrochemical plant was associated with cumulative exposure to C2-C5 saturated, C2-C5 unsaturated, C6-C10 aliphatic saturated, C6-C10 aliphatic unsaturated, and C6-C10 aromatic process streams. Nonoccupational risk factors were body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (both measured at about age 28), and smoking. There was no significant association with cumulative exposure or tenure as estimated by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for nonoccupational risk factors. Categorical analysis showed increased odds ratios only in the second (low) and fourth (high) quartiles compared to the first quartile reference group of lowest exposed workers, and a three-quarter-fold increased odds ratio for > 32 years' tenure compared to the < 25-year reference group. The number of cases was small with wide confidence intervals around estimate of risk, so the possibility of an exposure-response trend cannot be ruled out. Multivariate analysis identified overweight (high BMI; p < 0.01) as the most important risk factor in this data set, followed by tenure and increased blood pressure. There was a weak association with current smoking, but not with pack-years smoked. The risk of kidney cancer for a nonsmoker with normal blood pressure but 25% overweight was increased about 2.6-fold (95% CI = 1.2-5.4). The risk of kidney cancer for a nonsmoker of normal weight with high blood pressure (e.g., 150/110), was increased about 4.5 (95% CI, 0.8-26).
 ...
PMID:A nested case-control study of kidney cancer among refinery/petrochemical workers. 879 53

Among 35,192 postmenopausal, predominantly white women in Iowa age 55-69 years and free of cancer, we collected baseline history, dietary information, and anthropometric data by mail in 1986. We ascertained the 8-year incidence (62 new cases) of renal cell carcinoma using the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) register, the National Death Index, and mail follow-up. Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma included increasing age, increasing weight (either current, maximum adult weight, or weight at ages 18, 30, or 50 years), greater waist-to-hip ratio, and a history of blood transfusion. Total dietary calcium was associated independently with a reduced risk of renal cell carcinoma. No other dietary micro- or macronutrients or food groups were predictive of the development of renal cell carcinoma. Other previously identified risk factors were not confirmed: most notably, there was no increased risk from a history of hypertension, after adjustment for diuretic use. History of ever-use of diuretics was associated with a twofold increased risk of renal cancer, although the strength of association was markedly reduced after adjustment for age, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and calcium intake.
 ...
PMID:Nutrition and other risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in postmenopausal women. 911 91

Improved survival in testicular cancer has been accompanied by concern about long-term side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Secondary malignant neoplasia represents one of the worst possible long-term complications, leading to death in patients cured of their primary malignancy. Patients with testicular germ cell tumors appear to have a 2-fold increased risk of developing any second cancer 25-30 years after the diagnosis, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 16-23% at that time. The risk for secondary solid tumors can be mainly attributed to radiotherapy. There is strong evidence of an increasing risk for secondary solid tumors with time since treatment. Tumor-specific analysis of the risk for second cancers revealed statistically significant excesses for stomach, pancreas, bladder, rectum, prostate, and kidney cancer, as well as for cancer of the thyroid, melanoma, sarcomas, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No significantly elevated risk for secondary solid tumors was observed after treatment with chemotherapy alone. The risk of secondary leukemia was associated with both radiotherapy and in particular with chemotherapy. In recent clinical surveys of patients with testicular cancer, estimates of the risk of leukemia after chemotherapy have ranged from 10- to 300-fold. An elevated risk was observed within the first two decades after diagnosis, later the risk was as expected in the normal population. Etoposide seems to be leukemogenic, especially at cumulative doses higher than 2 g/m2, although the effects of dose and schedule as well as the effects of other cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy remain to be finally clarified. Based on currently available data in patients with testicular cancer, it can be concluded that a significant elevated risk for the development of secondary leukemia exits after chemotherapy. However this risk does by far not outweigh the therapeutic benefit of etoposid-based therapy in patients with germ cell tumors. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is the main late vascular toxicity affecting about one third of patients after curative chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Hypertension will occur in one fifths of the patients. The incidence of vascular toxicity appears to be lower following PEB-therapy compared to PVB-therapy and major vascular events seem to be rare. Other frequent symptomatic toxicities are ototoxicity and peripheral neuropathy. A major risk factor for the development of toxicity is the cumulative dose of cisplatin given. Alterations of gonadotropin levels and Leydig cell insufficiency persist in more than half of young patients cured from testicular cancer by cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Approximately one fourth of patients have low serum magnesium or phosphat levels, or elevated creatinine levels. These toxicities seldomly result in clinical symptoms. We conclude that 3-4 courses with bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide in testicular cancer patients will only rarely lead to symptomatic impairment of organ functions and a decrease of quality of life. Germ cell cancers have served as a valuable model for the development of new treatment strategies contributing largely to defining the role of cisplatinum, etoposide and recently ifosfamide in medical oncology. However, germ cell cancer may also be a useful model for investigating the long term side effects of the oncological therapies. Thus, germ cell cancer is not only a "model for a curable neoplasm" (L.H. Einhorn) but can also be seen as a "model for the study of late sequelae of modern oncological therapies".
 ...
PMID:[Late toxicity after chemotherapy of malignant testicular tumors]. 988 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>