Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic severe subclinical systemic hypertension was diagnosed in a 28-yr-old male western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography revealed an enlarged heart with a hypertrophied left ventricle, mitral regurgitation, and a persistent left bundle branch block. Enalapril, later combined with nifedipine, was of some value in reducing the hypertension, with partial reversal of cardiac enlargement and resolution of the bundle branch block. Two years after initiation of treatment, the gorilla developed lethargy and dyspnea. The diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed under anesthesia; the gorilla did not recover and was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed congestive heart failure with chronic, fibrosing cardiomyopathy similar to that in other gorillas.
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PMID:Chronic hypertension with subsequent congestive heart failure in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). 1048 43

To extend our previous observation that thoracic aortae from rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR) bind monocytoid cells with enhanced avidity, we isolated thoracic aortae from two different forms of rodent hypertension: Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high salt diet and Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. Blood pressure was determined 14 days after feeding normal chow or chow containing 8% NaCl to Dahl-S and Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl-R) rats, and either chow or a fructose-enriched diet to S-D and Fischer 344 (F-344) rats. Blood pressure was similar in Dahl-S and Dahl-R rats on the chow diet, but higher in Dahl-S rats in response to the 8% NaCl diet (188 +/- 7 v 137 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .001). Blood pressure also increased when S-D rats consumed fructose as compared with chow (149 +/- 4 v 128 +/-2, P < .05), whereas blood pressure did not change with diet in F-344. Thoracic aortae were removed from rats in each experimental group, and their ability to bind murine monocytoid cells quantified. Measurements of monocyte binding were performed on one experimental and one control rat simultaneously, and results presented as the ratio of cells bound by thoracic aortae from the experimental compared with the control rat. With this approach, the ratio of monocyte binding (8% NaCl/chow) was increased in Dahl-S versus Dahl-R rats (1.7 +/- 0.1 v 1.3 +/- 0.1, P < .05), as well as in S-D as compared with F-344 rats (1.7 +/- 0.2 v 1.1 +/-0.1, P < .05). These results provide evidence that hypertension in Dahl-S and fructose-fed S-D rats was associated with changes in the endothelium that favor atherogenesis.
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PMID:Enhanced monocyte adherence to thoracic aortae from rats with two forms of experimental hypertension. 1050 46

A fructose-enriched diet promotes hypertension in rats. We thought that an enhancement of the glycolytic and/or lipid disorder (s) that raise blood pressure could be the cause. Therefore, we studied 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (+/-200 g): (1) control rats received a standard diet and tap water; (2) the glycerol group of rats received a standard diet and 0.54 mol/L glycerol in tap water; (3) the fructose group was given a fructose-enhanced diet (chow had 55% fructose instead of dextrin) and tap water; and (4) the fructose-glycerol group was given the fructose-enhanced diet and 0. 54 mol/L glycerol in drinking water. At the end of the second week, the findings were as follows. Blood pressure was 149+/-2 mm Hg in the fructose-glycerol group versus 129+/-2 (P<0.001), 131+/-2 (P<0. 001), and 140+/-3 (P<0.005) mm Hg in the control, glycerol, and fructose groups, respectively. Insulinemia was higher in the fructose-glycerol group than the control (P<0.001), glycerol (P<0. 001), and fructose groups (P<0.001); triglyceridemia was higher in the fructose-glycerol (P<0.02), fructose (P<0.05), and glycerol groups (P<0.02) than the control group. Thoracic aorta rings showed a lower ED(50) to 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate in the fructose-glycerol group than in the control (P<0.001), glycerol (P<0.002), and fructose groups (P<0.001). In conclusion, glycerol-fructose administration resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased vascular sensitivity to 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate (with respect to the control group), and significantly greater expression of protein kinase C alpha and betaII (with respect to the glycerol group).
Hypertension 1999 Oct
PMID:Potential role of glycerol leading to rat fructose hypertension. 1052 99

1. Thoracic aortas of normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Lyon normotensive (LN)) and hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Lyon hypertensive (LH)) rats from two groups (Japanese (WKY rats and SHR) and Lyon (LN and LH rats)) were compared using organ chambers. Changes in endothelium and smooth muscle reactivity to noradrenaline (NA), carbamylcholine and N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were analysed to distinguish between changes in reactivity that are associated with the presence of hypertension and those that are dependent on group (Japanese vs Lyon). 2. Aortas of hypertensive rats had lower pD2 values for NA than aortas from normotensive rats. These differences were associated with hypertension (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01) and group (P < 0.005 and P < 0.005) in presence or absence of endothelium, respectively, whereas no difference was seen in the maximal developed tension in response to NA. 3. Aortas also differed by a reduced ability to relax in response to carbamylcholine in hypertensive rats; this effect is hypertension (P < 0.05) and group (P < 0.005) dependent, without any change in carbamylcholine pD2 values. 4. Changes in maximum developed tension in the presence of L-NNA were found to be endothelium dependent and pressure and group independent. Furthermore, the change in tension induced by L-NNA appears significantly more pronounced in SHR than in LH rats (P < 0.05). 5. These results indicate that the common defect associated with hypertension appears to be linked to the endothelium through alpha-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in both the Japanese and Lyon groups. However, SHR differs markedly from LH rats by having a higher developed tension in response to NA, this increased tension being counterbalanced by the release of nitric oxide, as observed in the presence of L-NNA.
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PMID:Evidence for a common defect associated with pressure in the aorta of two hypertensive rat strains. 1056 9

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an unusual lymphoma confined to the body cavities, which primarily affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men at high risk for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We describe two HIV-negative elderly Italian men, who developed pleural HHV-8-positive PEL in association with other diseases (systemic hypertension, colonic carcinoma, chronic obstructive airways disease, dilated cardiomyopathy), but without KS. Thoracic computed tomography revealed unilateral pleural effusion and pleural thickening. Thoracentesis disclosed large lymphoma cells, with no T- or B-cell associated antigens, clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the presence of HHV-8 but not Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. Our cases differ from most pleural effusion lymphomas, in that they are non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related. This highlights the possible human herpes virus-8-associated primary effusion lymphoma risk among elderly human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients, particularly Italians, in whom human herpes virus-8 seroprevalence rates and incidence of classic Kaposi's sarcoma are high.
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PMID:Human herpes virus-8 associated primary effusion lymphoma of the pleural cavity in HIV-negative elderly men. 1059 17

Chronic treatment with cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent, causes hypertension. The effect of CsA on vascular responses was determined in Sprague-Dawley rats and isolated rat aortic rings. Male rats weighing 250 to 300 g were given either CsA (25 mg/kg/day) in olive oil or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Cyclosporine A administration produced a 42% increase (P<.001) in mean arterial pressure (MAP), which reached a plateau after 3 days. Conversely, the level of both nitrate/nitrite (NO2/NO3), metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), and 3', 5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which mediates NO action, decreased by 50% (P<.001) and 35% (P<.001), respectively, in the urine. Thoracic aortic rings from rats treated with CsA, and precontracted with endothelin (10(-9) mol/L), showed a 35% increase (P<.001) in tension, whereas acetylcholine-induced (Ach; 10(-9) mol/L) endothelium-dependent relaxation was inhibited 65% (P<.001) compared with untreated rats. This response was similar to that of aortic rings, denuded of endothelium, from untreated rats in which Ach-induced relaxation was completely abolished (P<.001). Ach-induced formation of both NO2/NO3 and cGMP by both denuded and CsA-treated aortic rings was inhibited 95% (P<.001) and 65% P<.001), respectively, compared with intact aortic rings. The effects of CsA were reversed both in vivo and in vitro by pretreatment with L-arginine (L-Arg; 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), the precursor of NO. There were no changes in MAP and tension in rats treated with L-Arg alone. In addition, in the aorta of rats that were treated intraperitoneally with CsA for 7 days, CsA significantly activated protein kinase C (PKC) translocation and decreased NO2/NO3 production. This suggest that PKC mediates, in part, CsA-induced hypertension. In summary, CsA activates PKC, which inhibits endothelial NO formation, with resulting increases in MAP and tension, and this inhibition can be overcome by L-Arg administration.
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PMID:Nitric oxide in cyclosporine A-induced hypertension: role of protein kinase C. 1060 85

A 78-year old man operated for an acute aortic dissection 8 years ago was hospitalized for an unusual clinical presentation with acute cor pulmonale and superior vena caval syndrome. He had poorly controlled high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease with aorto-coronary by-pass 10 years ago. He underwent Bentall procedure 2 years later for type I acute aortic dissection, with vein graft reimplantation on the valvular conduit. A pseudoaneurysm was noted in the post-operative period, which remained stable at 45 mm during the follow-up. Thoracic CT-scan highlighted a 14.5 cm diameter pseudoaneurysm compressing the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery. Detached right aorto-coronary by-pass, suspected on transesophageal echocardiography, was confirmed peri-operatively; the aortic anastomosis blood in the peri-prosthetic space, explaining the acute clinical picture. The severity of the lesions did not permit surgical repair and the patient died during operation. This observation evidences the complications observed after aortic root replacement and favors echographic and radiological follow-ups (J Mal Vasc 1999; 24: 381-383).
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PMID:[Acute complication of a composite graft replacement of the aortic root]. 1064 52

Thoracic involvement occurs more frequently in systemic lupus erythematosus than in any other connective tissue diseases, and more than half of patients with the disease suffer from the involvement. Primary intrathoracic manifestations include pleural disease (effusions and/or thickening), acute lupus pneumonitis, subacute interstitial lung disease including bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and non-specific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis, chronic interstitial lung disease of usual interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary vascular disease, small airway disease of bronchiolitis obliterans, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Secondary intrathoracic manifestations include atelectasis due to diaphragmatic dysfunction, opportunistic pneumonia, drug and oxygen toxicity, aspiration, and pleuropulmonary consequences of cardiac and renal failure.
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PMID:Thoracic involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings. 1066 51

Due to an improvement of results after heart transplantation, there is a continuously growing number of long-term surviving patients. Aimed at a characterization of established diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, the Working Group of Thoracic Organ Transplantation within the German Society of Cardiology performed a survey among all German heart transplantation centers. Based on the experience of 1,500 patients, the clinical relevance as well as approaches for prevention and treatment of rejection, infection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, malignancy, hypertension, renal insufficiency, and quality of life were assessed by a questionnaire. As a result, a time dependency of expected complications could clearly be shown. While early after HTX acute rejection and infection episodes were judged as clinically important, later on cardiac allograft vasculopathy, malignancy, and renal insufficiency predominate as relevant complications. This spectrum was reflected by a differentiated diagnostic protocol (early after HTX more frequent diagnostic procedures for rejection and infection, later intensified examinations to identify cardiac allograft vascular disease and malignancy) as well as by different intensities of immunosuppression and concomittant medication. Regarding further improvement of survival rates and quality of life, future clinical and scientific activities should be focused on the prevention of late complications after heart transplantation.
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PMID:[Long-term management after heart transplantation--an assessment of current status]. 1076 77

A case of advanced cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) with multiple bullae and extensive pulmonary fibrosis, scheduled for modified radical mastectomy for carcinoma of breast, is presented. This patient had ischemic heart disease, corticosteroid-induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a difficult airway. Thoracic epidural segmental anesthesia was successfully given to this patient. Preoperative problems, perioperative management, and alternative anesthetic techniques are discussed.
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PMID:Thoracic epidural anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy in a patient with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case report. 1077 15


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