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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure levels and related factors in Japanese, US whites and US blacks aged 30 to 74 years were compared, using data from the similarly designed national survey of each country in a similar period, i.e., the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders of Japan, 1980 (10,897 persons from all over Japan) and the second National Health and Nutrition Survey of the US, 1976 to 1980 (NHANES-II) (16,204 persons from all over the USA). Data collection methods were judged to be comparable. Data were stratified by age (30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-74 yrs) and sex. Age-specific and age-adjusted mean systolic BPs of Japanese were generally higher than those of US whites; mean diastolic pressures were similar in the two populations in both men and women. Mean weight and body mass index (BMI) and their standard deviations were lower for Japanese than Americans. In US blacks, BP was higher than in Japanese or in US whites for diastolic in men, and for both systolic and diastolic in women. Systolic BP levels of black men were between those of Japanese and US whites. At specific levels of BMI, Japanese systolic BPs were markedly higher than those of US whites in all age-sex groups, and diastolic pressures were higher in Japanese than in US whites, slightly so at younger ages and more so at ages 60 and over in both sexes. The proportions of all persons with high BP who were receiving antihypertensive treatment and who were controlled were similar in most age-sex groups of the Japanese and US white populations; they were lower in US black men and higher in US black women. In linear regression analyses of BP on BMI controlled for age, slopes were similar for Japanese and Americans. However, given the lower mean BMI and smaller BMI standard deviation (less overweight), partial correlation coefficients between BMI and BP were smaller for Japanese than Americans. These results indicate that overweight plays a lesser role in Japanese than Americans in producing high prevalence rates of hypertension and that other factors are critically involved (e.g., intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, alcohol).
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PMID:Blood pressure levels, related factors, and hypertension control status of Japanese and Americans. 195 29

This article presents the health care utilization and costs for diseases of the circulatory system among 14,162 employees and their spouses based on medical insurance claims data analysis. Diseases of the circulatory system ranked first among insurance claims and costs accounting for 23% ($4.6 million) of the plan's total health care costs ($19.7 million) for the 1984 policy year. Overall, 57% of these expenditures were for hospital care, the proportion for hospital costs being as high as 64% for heart diseases and as low as 20% for hypertension. Male employees had higher utilization for both in-hospital and out-patient services than females. Utilization rates and costs dramatically increased for individuals 50 years or older. Costs for surgical and diagnostic procedures amounted to 8% of the total costs of circulatory system disorders. This article provides an example of the utility of claims analysis for morbidity surveillance. The analyses and parameters measured herein can be viewed as prerequisites to the development of health care management and health promotion strategies aimed at reducing health care cost for diseases of the circulatory system in a corporate setting.
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PMID:Health care utilization and costs for diseases of the circulatory system in a corporate setting. 336 95

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis based on clinical observations of a causal relationship between arterial hypotension and sudden hearing loss of lower frequencies. A noninvasive system was used that enables repeated blood pressure measurements at programmable time intervals. With this method 24-hour blood pressure monitoring was performed on 81 patients with sudden inner ear hearing loss proved by audiological tests (and in part defined by magnetic resonance imaging). The profiles of the circadian blood pressures recorded actually revealed a significant incidence of low-frequency hearing loss of up to 30 dB HL in the patient group suffering from arterial hypotension compared to those showing normal blood pressure or hypertension. In the patient group designated arterial hypotension may be the probable cause for sudden hearing impairments and should be regarded as a circulatory disorder with certain implications for management.
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PMID:[Acute hearing loss caused by arterial hypotension]. 822 25

Diseases of the circulatory system together with neoplastic diseases are recognised as the major health problem in the contemporary world. Their origin and aggravation may be related to the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) since theoretically, disorders in the functioning of the circulatory system are most likely due to electric impulses generated in it by external magnetic fields. The nervous system, including its autonomic part which regulates, among others, the functioning of the circulatory system, because of its electric nature is another system which may be disturbed by EMFs. From the 1960s, biological studies on the effects of power-line frequency EMFs have been carried out in many countries. In view of the applied study model, four main directions of these studies can be identified: in vitro and in vivo animal experiments, experimental studies on humans, clinical and epidemiological studies. Experimental studies on animals and humans have yielded ambiguous and very often contradictory results. Some of them indicate that EMF contributes to slowing down the cardiac rhythm and the stroke volume of the left ventricle, other results suggest their acceleration, and still other show no differences. The results of clinical studies performed in many countries in different groups of workers exposed to power-line frequency EMFs have not produced the evidence for drawing unequivocal conclusions. Again some studies reveal that those exposed show disorders in neurovegetative and blood pressure regulations (hypotension or hypertension) as well as in cardiac rhythm (bradycardia or tachycardia). Other studies do not confirm harmful effect of EMF on the circulatory system. Therefore, it is not feasible to find out, on the basis of these studies, whether and how chronic exposure to power-line frequency EMFs influences the functioning of the circulatory system, the more so as ECG standard recording has been to date the only diagnostic method, and according to the present state of knowledge it is not sufficient to assess the functioning of the circulatory system. Epidemiological studies play the most important role in the evaluation of health effects of the exposure to power-line frequency EMFs. These studies have been carried out for fifteen years, however, they do not consider the effect of chronic exposure to EMF of 50 Hz frequency on the circulatory system.
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PMID:[The present state of knowledge concerning the effect of electromagnetic fields of 50/60 Hz on the circulatory system and the autonomic nervous system]. 947 92

The present article focuses on lacunar brain infarction--that of acute or gradually progressive ischemic cerebral circulatory disorder under arterial hypertension. Major risk factors are described as are pathogenesis, pathomorphology, location of the lesion, clinical picture together with principle symptoms of manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of the condition.
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PMID:[Lacunar cerebral infarct: its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment]. 979 96

A Meta-analysis on the therapeutic state of hypertensive population in Japan is performed by the three nation-wide governmental surveys focusing on the impact of new diagnostic criteria described in the Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in Japan 2000. These surveys are the National Survey of Circulatory Disorders, National Nutrition Survey and Patient Survey in 1990. The meta-analysis approach is used to evaluate the validity and reliability of these three national data sets, particularly the National Nutrition Survey. The population with history of hypertensive treatment and without previous diagnosis was calculated using the old and new diagnostic criteria. The results of three national surveys are fairly consistent. National Nutrition survey can be used to monitor the overall therapeutic status of Japanese population if the definition is considered judiciously. The impact of new diagnostic criteria is extensive as demonstrated by the results of the analysis on the National Nutrition Survey of 1999. The hypertensive population doubled and one half of the Japanese population over the age of 30 is now defined as hypertensive. A policy to manage this newly diagnosed hypertensive population is urgently needed to lessen the burden on Japanese health care system.
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PMID:Meta-analysis on the therapeutic state of hypertensive population in Japan: focusing on the impact of new diagnostic criteria of Japanese Guideline for the Management of Hypertension 2000. 1203 21

Circulatory system diseases (c.s.d.) belong to the group of civilization diseases. The risk factors of circulatory system diseases are: stress, overuse of alcohol, smoking cigarettes, bad eating habits, sitting life style. Calorie overconsumption, animal fat rich diet, sitting life style result in the development of android obesity, hypercholesterolemia, that enhance atheromatosis. The most dangerous consequences of atheromatosis are: angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction, brain insult, type II diabetes. The aim of the work was to evaluate life style and its correlation with development of circulatory system diseases. The results obtained significantly indicate how important is health education about the danger of widely understood unhealthy life style. Propagation of staying healthy model with emphasizing real profit resulting from leading healthy life style is the only righteous way to improve it.
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PMID:Life style and the risk of development of circulatory system diseases. 1289 55

There have been conflicting reports in the literature about the protective effect of hemophilia on the occurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Circulatory disease has been reported as the second most common cause of death in persons with hemophilia in the United States. In addition to diabetes and hypertension, high levels of FVIII, as may occur during factor concentrate infusions, may increase IHD risk in this population. To estimate the prevalence of heart disease and examine factors associated with IHD and other heart diseases among persons with hemophilia, we analyzed data collected from the medical records of 3,422 males with hemophilia living in six U.S. states from 1993 to 1998. Heart disease cases were ascertained from among 2,075 persons who were hospitalized at least once during the 6-year period. Of these, 48 were diagnosed with IHD and 106, with other types of heart disease. The age-specific prevalence of IHD ranged from 0.05% in those under 30 years to 15.2% in those 60 years or older. Hospital discharge rates in males with hemophilia with IHD and other types of heart disease were lower compared to rates in age-matched U.S. males. In our cohort, as in the general population, IHD was independently associated with age, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Other heart diseases were associated with HIV infection, hypertension, hemophilia B, and diabetes. In summary, persons with hemophilia have unique risk factors such as infusion of factor concentrates and infection with HIV that may predispose them to heart disease as their life expectancy increases.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors for heart disease among males with hemophilia. 1584 61

The aim of the work was to assess extra- and intracranial venous hemodynamics in patients with circulatory disorder-induced encephalopathy (DE). Altogether 114 DE patients were examined. There were 46 women and 68 men aged 43 to 78 years (mean age 59.6+/-12.5 years). As dependent on the clinical manifestations the patients were distributed into groups: stage 1 DE was present in 36 patients, stage 2 DE in 47>> and stage 3 DE was identified in 31 patients. 82.78% of the examined had arterial hypertension (AH), the mean standing of which accounted for 9.7+/-7.2 years. The control group accrued 36 practically normal persons aged 36 to 62 years (mean age 47.6+/-11.3 years). All the patients were provided standard neurologic examination, magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of the brain with venography of the brachiocephalic veins and venous sinuses of the brain, Color Doppler Imaging of the extracranial vessels, and transcranial Doppler. The patients complained primarily of headache, dizziness, instability and staggering on walking, memory and work fitness decrease, and irritability. Atherosclerotic plaques which were primarily homogeneous (types IV and V according to the classification by Geroulakos et al., 1993) were identified in the carotid arteries in 76 (62%) patients. In 48 (42%) patients, stenoses were bilateral. Hemodynamically significant (>50%) stenoses were present in 42 (34%) persons. In most cases, the patients showed dilatation of the jugular veins and a mean reduction of the flow intensity to 14+/-8.1 cm/s as compared to the control group (20.6+/-11.3 cm/s). The tendency toward flow intensity lowering associated with its phasic nature disorder was particularly well-defined in patients with stage 3 DE and a long-term history of AH. On examination of the parameters of cerebral venous circulation the patients with stage 1 DE tended to the rise of the linear flow velocity (LFV) in the basal veins of Rozenthal and in the direct sinus. However, no significant changes in the PI parameters were recorded. In the patient group with stages 2 and 3 DE, there was an appreciable rise of the LFV in the deep veins in the presence of a remarkable PI lowering (the flow velocity in the vein of Rozenthal 21.8+/-7.2 cm/s in stage 2 DE, and 24.4+/-7.2 cm/s in stage 1 DE). In 87 (79%) cases, MRT revealed the signs of diffuse ischemic lesion of the brain. Fifty-five (48%) patients were diagnosed to have leukoarayos whereas in 48 (42%) cases, there were identified multiple lacunar infarctions, primarily of the deep cerebral segments. Ten (8%) patients demonstrated type 1 Arnold-Chiari abnormalities -- hypoplasia of the large cerebral cistern and 4 patients had porto-cerebellar atrophy (megacysterna magna). Analysis of the MRV revealed, in the majority of cases (in 67 or 59%), developmental abnormality of the drainage system of the brain. Thus, 42 (37%) patients were diagnosed to have hypoplasia of one of the transverse sinuses (of the right one in 23 cases and of the left one in 19 cases); 17 (15%) persons had aplasia of the transverse sinus. Eight patients showed hypoplasia of the sigmoid sinuses (of the right one in 5 cases and of the left one in 3 cases). In all the cases of developmental abnormalities of the venous sinuses, there was a compensatory dilatation of the contralateral sinus and in some cases, there were visualized the upper and lower sinuses, the identification of which in health is difficult. So, atherosclerosis of AH-induced lesion of the brachiocephalic arteries interferes with the action of the physiological "arteriovenous pump" thereby provoking venous congestion. Progression of the process is associated with depletion of the compensatory adaptive potentialities of the collateral venous outflow which (especially in concomitant developmental abnormality in the region of the posterior cranial fossa and venous sinuses) favours aggravation of venous circulatory distress, the rise of the CSF pulse pressure and the emergence of benign intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus followed by cerebral atrophy.
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PMID:[Cerebral venous hemodynamics in chronic disorders of cerebral circulation]. 1603 1

Nephroptosis, associated with renal circulatory disorder, is one of the reasons for symptomatic arterial hypertension (AH). An obvious dependence of blood pressure (BP) level on the body position is a feature of this form of AH. However, this correlation is not always easy to reveal when performing a routine physical examination. The authors of the article adduce 2 clinical observations in which ambulatory BP monitoring became the key method that allowed assuming dynamic vasorenal AH.
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PMID:[Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnostics of arterial hypertension associated with nephroptosis]. 1661 10


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