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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces was diagnosed in 41 infants on the basis of ultrasound and/or CT scan findings. 10 MHz transfontanellar ultrasonography is without doubt the most reliable investigation in this condition (skull-to-cortex distance greater than 5 mm). Patients with extracerebral collections due to a clearly identifiable pathologic process (e.g., prematurity, IUGR, neonatal distress, malnutrition) were excluded from the study. Macrocrania developed rapidly in 72% of patients, either as the single manifestation (30%) or with delayed motor development and hypotonia (30%). Other clinical patterns included evidence of intracranial hypertension (15%) and hypotonia without macrocrania (20%). The two main findings of this study were the high rate of familial forms and the severity of early hemorrhagic complications, i.e., spontaneous subdural hematoma (5/41 cases), with permanent neurologic impairment in some instances (2/5 cases). These complications call into question the benignity of this syndrome whose long-term outcome, particularly in terms of cognitive function, is as yet unknown.
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PMID:[Idiopathic pericerebral swelling (external hydrocephalus) of infants]. 146 2

A case-control study on preterm delivery was conducted in Jianan and Jianhan District, Wuhan City in 1988. 130 singleton preterm infants were included with 260 term infants as control. The results showed that the risk factors in prematurity were edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome (OR 1.8), maternal diseases in pregnancy (OR 1.6), hyperemesis gravidarum (OR 5.1), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (OR 2.4), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.6), low weight gain and low average weight gain per week during pregnancy, psychosocial stress during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, maternal stature less than 158 cm (OR 1.7), menarche before age 12 (OR 4.3), multi-gravida (OR 2.1), previous induced abortion (OR 2.1) and passive cigarette smoking during pregnancy. The author suggests that early treatment of complications of pregnancy and forcing prenatal care should be emphasized in order to reduce the incidence of preterm births.
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PMID:[Preterm delivery and its risk factors]. 150 73

Prenatal cocaine use has become an increasingly important public health problem in the last decade. Interpretation of epidemiologic studies designed to assess the association between cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited by inaccurate measurement of cocaine use, misclassification of users as non-users, confounding by socioeconomic factors, and reporting bias. Studies have consistently documented placental abruption as a maternal reproductive risk associated with cocaine use. Although suggested, less evidence is available to link cocaine use with premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, precipitate delivery, or fetal death. Infant outcomes consistently associated with prenatal cocaine use include decreased birth weight, prematurity, and decreased fetal growth. Data on the relationship between prenatal cocaine use and congenital anomalies are limited, but one large retrospective study has documented an association between maternal cocaine use and congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evidence linking prenatal cocaine use and an increased incidence of perinatal cerebral infarction or sudden infant death syndrome is lacking. Future studies should focus on the effect of maternal cocaine use on pregnancy outcome in diverse socioeconomic groups, longitudinal follow-up of exposed children, and the relationship between cocaine use and maternal behaviors that may affect access to prenatal care.
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PMID:Risks associated with cocaine use during pregnancy. 156 65

The Medical Research Council In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Register report on births resulting from assisted conception in Great Britain demonstrated a high incidence of preterm and low birthweight babies. This incidence remained high even when the analysis was restricted to singleton babies. The present paper investigates possible risk factors for prematurity, low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in singleton IVF births. Thirteen per cent of singleton IVF babies were preterm, 11% low birthweight and 17% small-for-gestational-age. Analysis by multiple regression indicated that hypertension during pregnancy was an independent risk for preterm delivery, low birthweight and SGA, bleeding during pregnancy for preterm delivery, and the number of embryos transferred and the type of infertility for low birthweight.
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PMID:Preterm delivery, low birthweight and small-for-gestational-age in liveborn singleton babies resulting from in-vitro fertilization. 158 53

Neutropenia in the newborn is often associated with sepsis, maternal hypertension, or prematurity. We describe a 654-g infant born at 30 weeks' gestation by cesarean section due to severe maternal hypertension. His course was complicated by five episodes of sepsis, including three with group B streptococcus. The results of hematologic and immunologic studies were normal except that absolute neutrophil counts were low (less than 1 x 10(9)/L) with intermittent increases during sepsis. Human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administered subcutaneously (10 micrograms/kg per day initially) resulted in an absolute neutrophil count of greater than 30 x 10(9)/L within 2 weeks. The dosage was lowered and the absolute neutrophil counts were maintained at 8 to 12 x 10(9)/L with no further septic episodes. The human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy was discontinued after 7 months, and the patient remained healthy with an absolute neutrophil count of greater than 2 x 10(9)/L. Thus, treatment with human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may be useful as a temporary measure for neonatal neutropenia associated with sepsis. A controlled, clinical trial is warranted.
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PMID:Neutropenia in an extremely premature infant treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 171 73

The occurrence of pregnancy in the face of untreated Cushing syndrome is rare because of the high incidence of ovulatory disturbances experienced by patients with the disorder. A total of 58 patients with 65 pregnancies has been reported in the literature to date. Although pituitary-dependent adrenal hyperplasia is the most common etiology of Cushing syndrome in the general population, adrenal adenoma is more common in the pregnant population. Significant maternal morbidity is attributable to hypertension, congestive heart failure, and poor tissue healing. Prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation account for most of the perinatal morbidity; perinatal mortality is substantial. Treatment directed at relieving hypercortisolism has been instituted during pregnancy: Pituitary or adrenal surgery, chemotherapy, and pituitary irradiation have all been reported, with variable results. Information is lacking on any alteration of maternal morbidity after treatment. The impact of therapy on perinatal outcome appears limited to a reduction in the prematurity rate, but overall numbers are small and such a conclusion should be viewed with caution. No significant maternal or perinatal complications secondary to treatment itself were reported.
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PMID:Cushing syndrome in pregnancy. 172 71

Pregnancies following organ transplantation are high-risk pregnancies for mother and fetus. There are many reports concerning pregnancies following renal transplantation whereas only few reports are published about pregnancies in recipients of liver, heart and bone marrow transplants. During the pregnancy after kidney transplantation pregnancy-induced hypertension can develop or the renal function can decrease. Risks for the fetus are prematurity, growth retardation and prenatal infections. A higher incidence of complications for mother and fetus is observed in patients with renal insufficiency or severe hypertension prior to conception. The risks can be reduced by an intradisciplinary cooperation of gynecologist, transplant specialist and paediatrician. The paediatrician. The experiences with pregnancies in women after organ transplantations in the Medical School of Hannover are analyzed and compared with the reports in the literature. The management of these patients is described on current state of knowledge.
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PMID:[Pregnancy following organ transplantation]. 174 93

A premature, 6-year-old child lost his owing to the persistence of the foetal vascular system and to retina detachment with divergent strabismus, at the left eye. The absence of ocular inflammatory signs, of intravascular hypertension, as well as the echographic examination permit to establish the diagnosis. The role of prematurity in the persistence of the foetal vascular system is shown, as this congenital malformation has neither a genetic, nor a foetal inflammatory determination.
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PMID:[The persistence of the fetal vascular system and retinal detachment in a child born of a difficult labor]. 181 47

During the period of two-year-long studies (15.03.1985-14.03.1987) as many as 11.2% of newborn infants were born in Szczecin with low body mass. The studies covered 498 out of 659 infants born, at that period, with low body mass at two Clinics of Obstetrics--Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics--PMA in Szczecin. Of 498 studied infants born with low body mass: 327 (65.7%) were born prematurely, therein 65 (13.1%) prematurely with a feature of intra-uterine hypotrophy, and 171 (34.3%) were delivered with hypotrophy at term or delayed deliveries. For determining the incidence rate of symmetric and asymmetric forms of hypotrophy 94 infants born with body mass 2500 g, and meeting the criteria of this syndrome, were added to the group of 171 infants with hypotrophy, who were born at term or post-term with low body mass. On the basis of the weight index (WI) in 53 (20%) out of 265 children with hypotrophy born at term or post-term the established diagnosis revealed symmetric form of hypotrophy, while in 212 (80%) asymmetric one of this syndrome. The control group was made up of 337 eutrophic infants, delivered at term and selected in a lottery-target manner. In order to define the causes of prematurity and intra-uterine hypotrophy the mothers of the studied infants were subjected to retrospective studies by questionnaires. The results provided by the studies were elaborated by using electronic computing technique. In the majority of cases it was disclosed that there was a multifunctional base for the low body mass, whereas both prematurity and hypotrophy were essentially associated with cigarette smoking, the work done by mothers under conditions being harmful to their health, elementary education of the parents and little body mass increase during pregnancy. Besides the share of the mentioned factors, prematurity prevalently occurred in women, who experienced miscarriages, immature and premature deliveries, as well as in women with body mass deficit. However, the intra-uterine hypotrophy involved evidently more frequently women with arterial hypertension during the pregnancy, previously bearing children with intra-uterine hypotrophy, and whose physical conditions were unfavourable.
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PMID:[Prematurity and intrauterine hypotrophy in the light of selected medical and socioeconomic factors among children's population in Szczecin]. 181 56

The overall importance of nutrition to favorable perinatal outcome is only beginning to be fully appreciated. Although nutritional status can be linked to such things as socioeconomic class and education, it is nutrition directly that exerts a biologic effect. This review has attempted to look at three elements and their relationship to maternal and fetal outcome. At the present time, there does not seem to be a role for routine magnesium supplementation during pregnancy. Magnesium deficiency, as an isolated nutritional deficiency, is rare, and the evidence is, at best, weak that magnesium supplementation reduces the risk of poor perinatal outcome. Zinc deficiency is also a very rare isolated nutritional finding. Our ability to measure zinc accurately, be it in leukocytes or serum, is improving, but the routine use of zinc supplements during pregnancy cannot be recommended at this time. It may be that zinc will be a useful diagnostic marker, rather than a therapeutic intervention. There is substantial evidence that the average American diet does not contain sufficient calcium. An expansive literature continues to grow in the areas of calcium and colon cancer, calcium and breast cancer, calcium and hypertension, and calcium and osteoporosis. Is it possible that our susceptibilities to these problems begin in utero? Obviously, the answer is unknown. What is known is that supplemental calcium to some degree is needed in the diets of most Americans and in about two thirds of pregnant women. Calcium supplementation seems to affect blood pressure favorably and, pending confirmation with larger trials, may significantly reduce prematurity and preeclampsia risk, thus improving perinatal outcome for a large number of our high-risk patients.
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PMID:Calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation and perinatal outcome. 186 34


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