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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review of the literature provides an update on the scientific biological and psychosocial bases for Canada's physical activity guide for healthy active living, with particular reference to the effect of physical activity on the health of adults aged 20-55 years. Existing physical activity guidelines for adults from around the world are summarized briefly and compared with the Canadian guidelines. The descriptive epidemiology of physical activity and inactivity in Canada is presented, and the strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated, with particular emphasis on minimal and optimal physical activity requirements. Finally, areas requiring further investigation are highlighted. Summarizing the findings, Canadian and most international physical activity guidelines advocate moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week. Physical activity appears to reduce the risk for over 25 chronic conditions, in particular coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, breast cancer, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Current literature suggests that if the entire Canadian population followed current physical activity guidelines, approximately one third of deaths related to coronary heart disease, one quarter of deaths related to stroke and osteoporosis, 20% of deaths related to colon cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and 14% of deaths related to breast cancer could be prevented. It also appears that the prevention of weight gain and the maintenance of weight loss require greater physical activity levels than current recommendations.
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PMID:Evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for Canadian adults. 1821 40

An impressive body of epidemiologic data collected over the past decade indicates that the risk of colon cancer is elevated in those with metabolic syndrome. This evidence includes studies that examined the risk of colon cancer or adenoma in relation to determinants of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, abdominal distribution of adiposity, and physical inactivity), clinical consequences of this syndrome (type 2 diabetes and hypertension), plasma or serum components of the definition of metabolic syndrome (hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and low HDL cholesterol), and markers of hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance (insulin and C-peptide), which is the underlying metabolic defect of the metabolic syndrome. The mechanism underlying these associations is unknown but may involve the influence of hyperinsulinemia in enhancing free or bioavailable concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1. Future studies should also be based on better measurements of insulin resistance, beta-cell depletion, and insulin responses to better assess which aspects of insulin resistance are most closely related to the risk of colon neoplasia.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and colon cancer: a review. 1826 77

Sedentary behavior warrants greater attention from rehabilitation nurses because physical fitness plays a role in the success of an individualized rehabilitation program. With one of every two adults being inactive, rates of sedentary lifestyle and obesity are increasing in the United States and are responsible for a large portion of our healthcare costs. Conversely, engaging in regular physical activity reduces the risks of obesity, premature death, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, colon cancer, depression, and anxiety. Because physical activity improves overall function, it is a component of many rehabilitation programs. Tailored health messages can be highly effective in helping people change unhealthy behaviors by providing information and behavior change strategies that are customized for the unique needs, interests, and concerns of different people. The rehabilitation nurse can help the client manage long-term health problems and maximize wellbeing by tailoring messages geared toward increasing physical activity levels. Although the exact mechanism responsible for the tailoring effect is not known, it is generally thought that the personally relevant information communicated in the message is more likely to improve motivation and health behavior change. The goal of a tailored message is to produce an individualized communication so that the participant can say, "This applies to me". This article examines tailored message approaches geared toward engaging people in intentional physical activity.
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PMID:Physical activity: the science of health promotion through tailored messages. 1833 Mar 83

Bevacizumab is the fi rst vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agent shown to increase survival in patients receiving first- and second-line intravenous 5-FU-based chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Bevacizumab is typically well tolerated and its major side effects include hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation and arterial thrombotic events. Although exfoliative dermatitis has been described as a side effect in 19% of patients, skin rash (type unspecified) has rarely been described in patients following infusion of bevacizumab. We recently reported the fi rst patient with colon cancer manifesting a correlation between rash and a positive drug response with bevacizumab. A 49-year old male with T3 N1 M1 rectal carcinoma received modified FOLFOX-6/bevacizumab, which he tolerated very well except for grade 2 skin rash related to bevacizumab. The rash continued to progress as the serum carcinoembryonic antigen decreased significantly. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography scan confirmed response to FOLFOX/bevacizumab. We therefore believe that this rash was linked to bevacizumab administration and correlated with response to therapy. Grade 1/2 rash has been described in patients after infusion of bevacizumab in initial phase I and II studies. Skin rash was observed in 34% and 46% of patients in the Kabbinavar's study receiving 5 mg/kg dose and 10 mg/kg respectively but no patient developed > grade 3 rash. This toxicity was not well described in pivotal phase III studies. On the other hand, acneiform rash occurs in > 90% patients who receive cetuximab and panitumumab, severity of which appears to be predictive of response. To our knowledge, this case report is the second report of possible correlation between rash and a positive drug response associated with bevacizumab and warrants further investigation of similar observation.
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PMID:Correlation between rash and a positive drug response associated with bevacizumab in a patient with advanced colorectal cancer. 1850 Oct 75

A 61-year-old female with surgically treated rectal cancer that had metastasized to lung and lymph nodes was treated with bevacizumab (BV) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) as third-line chemotherapy after treatment failures with infusional 5-FU, LV and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regimen); and infusional 5-FU, LV and irinotecan (FOLFIRI regimen). After four cycles of treatment, a computed tomography scan revealed reduced sizes of the lung and lymph node metastases. Tumor response has still been maintained after six cycles of treatment, and the chemotherapeutic response was evaluated as partial response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor guidelines. Manageable toxicity included grade 2 hypertension, grade 1 epistaxis and grade 1 stomatitis. Although there are no clinical trial results supporting the use of BV-containing therapy as third-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, BV plus 5-FU and LV was effective and feasible in our patient with colon cancer that had progressed after treatment with 5-FU, irinotecan and oxaliplatin.
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PMID:Metastatic rectal cancer responding to third-line therapy employing bevacizumab after failure of oxaliplatin and irinotecan: case report. 1856 98

Patients with colorectal cancer present a number of supportive care challenges including those related to the underlying disease, such as gastrointestinal obstruction, nausea, anorexia, and fatigue, and those caused by the treatments, such as oral mucositis, neuropathy, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Unique toxicities can accompany specific routes of administration of colon cancer drugs such as hand-foot syndrome with oral capecitabine and continuous infusion fluorouracil and biliary sclerosis with intrahepatic arterial floxuridine. The newer targeted therapies also present new toxicities, such as cardiovascular events and wound-healing complications with bevacizumab and rash and hypomagnesemia with cetuximab. Recent additions to the therapeutic armamentarium have presented new challenges, such as oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome, cetuximab-induced rash, and bevacizumab-associated arterial thrombotic events, bowel perforation, hypertension, and wound-healing complications. This article focuses on the prevention and management of several of these more common symptoms and toxicities.
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PMID:Supportive care in the management of colon cancer. 1863 90

A 53-year-old woman who had end-stage renal disease and hypertension presented with back pain. Chest radiographs and chest computed tomography (CT) showed right pleural effusion with bilateral pleural masses. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for a biopsy of the right pleural mass and for an evaluation of pleural effusion. A frozen section specimen suggested a papillary adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed to be metastatic primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum by immunohistochemistry, an elevated serum cancer antigen (CA-125) level, and abdominal CT findings. We found that the patient had been unfortunately misdiagnosed to have advanced colon cancer 11 years previously and thus had undergone a right hemicolectomy which was followed by six cycles of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Despite this, she survived more than 10 years and was later correctly diagnosed by VATS of the pleural lesions and based on a review of the previous pathology. The patient was transferred to an oncologist to receive the proper chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin.
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PMID:Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum diagnosed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: report of a case. 1866 20

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic, and has been recognized as one of the most effective anti-neoplastic agents in cancer chemotherapy. However, its usefulness is limited by its profound cardiotoxicity. Licorice is one of the most frequently prescribed agents in traditional herbal medicine, and is also employed as a natural sweetening additive. In traditional Chinese medicine, licorice root is added to a variety of herbal preparations to detoxify the effects of the other herbs in the preparation. In the present study, we explored the possibility that Glycyrrhiza uralensis licorice may alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (HEGU), which lacks glycyrrhizin, was prepared because glycyrrhizin intake has previously been reported to induce hypertension. In an effort to determine whether HEGU ameliorates DOX-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts, the cells were pretreated with 0-15 mg/L HEGU, then treated with doxorubicin. The pretreatment of cells with HEGU resulted in a significant mitigation of DOX-induced reductions in cell numbers (34 +/- 7%) and increases in apoptosis (53 +/- 1%). The Western blot analysis of cell lysates showed that HEGU suppressed DOX-induced increases in the levels of p53, phospho-p53 (Ser 15), and Bax. In addition, HEGU induced an increase in the levels of Bcl-xL, regardless of DOX-treatment. HEGU inhibited the DOX-induced cleavage of caspases 9, 3, and 7, as well as DOX-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, HEGU caused reductions in the viable cell numbers of HT-29 human colon cancer cells (IC50 = 10.7 +/- 0.3 mg/L), MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (IC50 = 7.5 +/- 0.1 mg/L), and DU145 human prostate cancer cells (IC50 = 4.7 +/- 0.5 mg/L). HEGU augmented DOX-induced reductions in the viability of DU145 cells (15 +/- 1%). These results indicate that HEGU may potentially be an effective agent for the alleviation of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:Hexane/ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis licorice suppresses doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. 1884 42

Solid formulations intended for targeted drug release into the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract are beneficial for the localized treatment of several diseases and conditions, mainly inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and colon cancer. Also, because of their inherent potential to delay or avoid systemic drug absorption from the small intestine, colonic formulations can be utilized for chronotherapy of diseases which are affected by circadian biorhythms (e.g., asthma, hypertension and arthritis), and to achieve clinically relevant bioavailability of drugs that are poorly absorbed from the upper parts of the GI tract because of their polar nature and/or susceptibility to chemical and enzymatic degradation in the small intestine (e.g., proteins and peptides). The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent patent literature concerning various modified-release (MR) formulation technologies that are claimed to provide colonic delivery for a wide array of therapeutic molecules. These technologies either utilize a single or a combination of two or more physiological characteristics of the colon, which includes pH, microflora (enterobacteria), transit time, and luminal pressure. Accordingly, these technologies may be grouped under four distinct classes: pH-controlled (or delayed-release) system, time-controlled (or time-dependent) system, microbially-controlled system, and pressure-controlled system. Among these, formulations that release drugs in response to colonic pH, enterobacteria, or both are most common and promising.
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PMID:Modified-release solid formulations for colonic delivery. 1907 74

The patient was a 73-year-old female with sigmoid colon cancer, who underwent resection of sigmoid colon cancer and liver metastasis. She was treated with 5-fluorouracil and levofolinate calcium(sLV5FU2)plus bevacizumab(BV) for advanced colorectal cancer. She was treated with angiotensin II receptor blocker(ARB)because hersystolic blood pressure was 200 mmHg and her diastolic blood pressure 100 mmHg after five courses of BV therapy. As a result, her blood pressure was controlled. It was possible to administer BV. Therefore, ARB may be the preferred antihypertensive agent in the management of BV-induced hypertension.
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PMID:[A case of therapy for bevacizumab-induced hypertension]. 1915 82


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