Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutrition has always been a subject of great interest to athletes. In recent years use of exercise has, however, expanded from competitive sports to prevention/management of chronic diseases and maintenance of optimal health. Exercise is recommended in the prevention/management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, obesity, mental health, colon cancer, stroke and back injury. Similarly, there is evidence that certain nutrients (e.g., vitamins C and E, beta-carotene and calcium) may reduce the risk of certain cancers, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, hypertension and cataract. Thus, there seems to be concordance between the health benefits of exercise and certain nutrients. However, several human and animal studies suggest that strenuous exercise may promote free radical production, leading to lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. On the other hand, there is evidence that vitamins C and E and beta-carotene may protect against such damage. Thus, concordance between the health benefits of exercise and nutrition and a compensatory role of antioxidant nutrients against the potentially harmful effects of exercise suggests that nutrition and exercise should form important components of any regimen for prevention of chronic diseases and/or promotion of optimal health.
 ...
PMID:A current perspective on nutrition and exercise. 154 45

Worldwide, locally prevailing nutritional traditions account for the occurrence of specific types of cancer. In the Orient, the custom of eating salted, pickled or smoked food parallels the risk of stomach cancer and hypertension-stroke. The underlying mechanisms and relevant carcinogens are partially known. In the Western world, the usual high-fat, low-fiber food is related to risk of cancer of the colon, pancreas, breast, prostate, ovary, and endometrium. The fat component translates to specific promoting mechanisms and fibers reduce risk of colon cancer through dilution of promoters. The associated genotoxic carcinogens may be the heterocyclic amines formed during cooking of meat. Methods have been developed to inhibit their formation. In all situations, a higher intake of vegetables and fruits has led to a lower risk for diverse types of cancer, through varied mechanisms. Based on current knowledge, more wholesome dietary traditions for chronic disease prevention in most countries can be developed.
 ...
PMID:Carcinogenesis in our food and cancer prevention. 165 31

Vigorous physical activity can improve the health of both adults and children. Among adults, regular physical activity can reduce risk for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, colon cancer, and depression, as well as lower all-cause death rates (1,2). Among children, regular physical activity can reduce chronic disease risk factors such as obesity, elevated cholesterol, and hypertension (3). Physical activity patterns established during childhood may extend into adulthood (4). This report examines the prevalence of vigorous physical activity among U.S. students in grades 9-12.
 ...
PMID:Vigorous physical activity among high school students--United States, 1990. 173 Nov 78

Approximately 34 million US adults were obese in 1980. Obesity is associated with increased risk of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy, and colon and postmenopausal breast cancer. Using a prevalence-based approach to cost of illness, we estimated the economic costs in 1986 attributable to obesity for these medical conditions. Indirect costs due to morbidity and mortality were discounted at 4%. Overall, the costs attributable to obesity were $11.3 billion for NIDDM, $22.2 billion for cardiovascular disease, $2.4 billion for gall bladder disease, $1.5 billion for hypertension, and $1.9 billion for breast and colon cancer. Thus a conservative estimate of the economic costs of obesity was $39.3 billion, or 5.5% of the costs of illness in 1986. Addition of costs due to musculoskeletal disorders could raise this estimate to 7.8%. The costs of treatment for severe obesity must be weighed against the improved health status and quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Economic costs of obesity. 173 19

Despite the links between low calcium (Ca) intake and age-related bone loss, hypertension, and colon cancer, the majority of Western populations have average daily Ca intakes substantially below recommended daily allowances. Although dietary products are widely known as a rich and valuable source of Ca in the diet, consumption of diary products is low and has been decreasing because of perceptions of excess calories and fat in the diet, as well as taste aversions. During the last decade, a marked increase in the consumption of bottled waters has occurred. Since some of these waters are characterized by high concentrations of Ca, we have studied Ca bioavailability from a Ca-rich water, using 15 lactose intolerant male individuals as subjects, and compared such bioavailability to that from milk. We report herein that the bioavailability of Ca from the water was generally as good as or better than that from milk, a food product well known for its very high Ca bioavailability. Indeed, in eight of 15 subjects, there was a higher level of Ca absorption from mineral water than from milk; bioavailability was equal in five of 15 subjects; in contrast, in two of 15 subjects, the bioavailability of Ca absorption from milk was greater than that from the mineral water. The potential implications of this observation for the prevention and management of age-related bone loss are important for preventive medicine and indicate a new, important source of dietary Ca for lactose intolerant individuals.
 ...
PMID:Comparative uptake of calcium from milk and a calcium-rich mineral water in lactose intolerant adults: implications for treatment of osteoporosis. 179 46

One common nutrient postulated to be protective against osteoporosis, hypertension, and colon cancer is dietary calcium. We report here nutrient patterns by calcium intake in older adult residents of a geographically defined community in Southern California. The analysis included all 426 men and 531 women aged 50-79 y with complete 24-h diet data. Nutrient-density-adjusted calcium intake was divided into tertiles: low intake (less than 284 mg/1000 kcal), mid intake (284-440 mg/1000 kcal), and high intake (greater than 440 mg/1000 kcal). The distribution of the reported 24-h nutrient density of protein, fat, fiber, caffeine, trace minerals, vitamin D, and vitamin C was examined in relation to the calcium-intake tertiles. In both men and women, the adjusted intakes of protein, saturated fatty acids, vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorus were significantly higher in the high-calcium-intake group than in the low- and mid-calcium-intake groups. In both men and women, alcohol intake was significantly lower in the high-calcium-intake group. Studies postulating a protective role for calcium will need to consider the multicolinearity in the Western diet.
 ...
PMID:Calcium intake: covariates and confounders. 184 36

The overall importance of nutrition to favorable perinatal outcome is only beginning to be fully appreciated. Although nutritional status can be linked to such things as socioeconomic class and education, it is nutrition directly that exerts a biologic effect. This review has attempted to look at three elements and their relationship to maternal and fetal outcome. At the present time, there does not seem to be a role for routine magnesium supplementation during pregnancy. Magnesium deficiency, as an isolated nutritional deficiency, is rare, and the evidence is, at best, weak that magnesium supplementation reduces the risk of poor perinatal outcome. Zinc deficiency is also a very rare isolated nutritional finding. Our ability to measure zinc accurately, be it in leukocytes or serum, is improving, but the routine use of zinc supplements during pregnancy cannot be recommended at this time. It may be that zinc will be a useful diagnostic marker, rather than a therapeutic intervention. There is substantial evidence that the average American diet does not contain sufficient calcium. An expansive literature continues to grow in the areas of calcium and colon cancer, calcium and breast cancer, calcium and hypertension, and calcium and osteoporosis. Is it possible that our susceptibilities to these problems begin in utero? Obviously, the answer is unknown. What is known is that supplemental calcium to some degree is needed in the diets of most Americans and in about two thirds of pregnant women. Calcium supplementation seems to affect blood pressure favorably and, pending confirmation with larger trials, may significantly reduce prematurity and preeclampsia risk, thus improving perinatal outcome for a large number of our high-risk patients.
 ...
PMID:Calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation and perinatal outcome. 186 34

Regular physical activity increases a person's ability to perform daily activities with greater vigor and may reduce the risk for specific health problems, including coronary heart disease (1), hypertension (2), noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (3), colon cancer (4), and depression (5), as well as lower all-cause death rates (6). In addition to extracurricular activities (e.g., sports and recreational organizations), high school physical education (PE) classes provide an opportunity to ensure a minimal, regular amount of desirable physical activity and help establish physical activity patterns that may extend into adulthood. This report examines the prevalence of self-reported enrollment, attendance, and participation in PE classes by students in grades 9-12.
 ...
PMID:Participation of high school students in school physical education--United States, 1990. 188 83

People who refuse to eat meat animal products mostly adhere to vegetarianism, veganism, crudivorism or macrobiotism, But these food habits are only one part of life-style chosen for spiritual, ethic or hygienic and healthy motivations. Except vitamin B12 deficiencies these regimens do not produce other deficiencies if they are correctly followed and if the energy intake is in agreement with the RDA'S. They reduce the risks of metabolic diseases, coronaropathies, arterial hypertension, colon cancer, diverticular disease of the colon, kidney and gallstones. Nevertheless crudivorism and macrobiotism are associated with high risks of deficiencies especially in children and pregnant women.
 ...
PMID:[Diet peculiarities. Vegetarianism, veganism, crudivorism, macrobiotism]. 206 9

The Agricultural Revolution was almost certainly associated with a substantial decrease in human calcium intake. Calcium intakes typical of contemporary humans may well be inadequate for many individuals. Various slowly developing chronic disorders such as osteoporosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and colon cancer may be induced or exaggerated by the current low level of dietary calcium intake in Western societies. We propose two hypotheses relating calcium intake to diverse diseases: first, the adaptation required to adjust to low intakes is inadequate to maintain critical components of cellular calcium regulation; second, the constant, forced adaptive response to low intake itself produces untoward consequences.
 ...
PMID:Dietary calcium and chronic diseases. 219 36


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>