Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyarteritis in the older child is thought to be a rare disease. This study describes 11 children, 3 to 12 years of age, with polyarteritis seen over a five-year period. Fever, abdominal pain, hypertension, and leukocytosis were found in almost all. Renal disease occurred in eight. Examination of muscle, gut, or kidney tissue was an effective means of diagnosis. The pathological changes were the same as those seen in adults. There seemed to be an association between polyarteritis and group A streptococcal infection. Ten patients had a salutary response to high-dose prednisone administration.
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PMID:Polyarteritis nodosa in older children. 1 1

In a study of thromboembolism and oral contraceptive drugs, 136 cases of myocardial infarction in women aged 30 to 44 years were identified, a rare disease in women of this age group. Data from their hospital medical records were compared with those of several other groups, including women without chronic disease admitted for various acute or elective conditions unrelated to thromboembolism, patients with thromboembolic disease other than myocardial infarction, and women queried or examined in the National Health Survey. The following attributes were found to be associated with myocardial infarction in younger women: presence of diabetes; hypertension; history of increased cigarette smoking; and hypercholesterolemia. A history of the use of oral contraceptive drugs was found with greater frequency in cases than in controls. The literature on the possible association of myocardial infarction and the use of oral contraceptives was reviewed.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction in younger women. Associated clinical features and relationship to use of oral contraceptive drugs. 97 71

Spontaneous perforation of colon is a rare disease and physiopathologic basis are actually unknown. Surgical treatment is standardized and post-operative survival is over 60%, morbidity and mortality rate depends on peritoneal contamination. In 1984 J.A. Berry classified spontaneous perforations into "stercoral" and "idiopathic" perforations on the basis of etiopathogenetical causes of lesions. Anatomopathologically stercoral and idiopathic perforations present different characteristics. Macroscopically stercoral perforation origines from an ulcerative lesion often situated on the sigmoid colon or rectum. Microscopical characteristic is represented by a superficial ischemic necrosis of mucosa (caused by fecalomas) followed by an extension to sub-mucosa and muscular tissues of the colonic wall. On the contrary, "idiopathic perforation", frequently situated on the sigma, is a linear laceration of anti-mesenteric side of the colon without pathologic modifications of the colon. Physiopathologic basis of spontaneous perforations of the colon were also discussed. Stercoral perforation is often a consequence of chronic constipation. Instead, two hypoteses are advanced as regards idiopathic perforations. S.V. Kessing e coll. (1962) hypotized a parietal suffering caused by ischemia of anti-mesenteric side of the colon, depending on ipoperfusion of colonic tissues; they also hypotized a constitutional weakness of colonic wall as a cause of idiopathic perforation. Others hypotized an intraluminal hypertension caused by intestinal hernias (J.W. Eadie, 1955; K. Cronin, 1959), rectal prolapse or abnormal depth of Douglas cavity (D.C. Lyon, 1969). In these cases, lesion is caused by contraction of abdominal muscles during defecation, which presses colonic wall during distension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Spontaneous perforations of the large intestine]. 129 Mar 69

Two cases of Sneddon syndrome (S.s.) in a 33 and 53-year-old women who developed arterial hypertension, cerebral ischaemic signs and who have livedo reticularis or livedo racemosa, are reported. The authors describe clinical, radiological and biological features of this rare disease, as well as diagnostic investigations including the measurements of the antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). The possible role of APA in the pathogenesis of S.s. is discussed.
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PMID:[2 cases of Sneddon syndrome]. 140 98

IIAC is a rare cardiovascular disease characterized by calcification of the membrana elastica interna and intimal proliferation in smaller and bigger arteries. This report describes a premature infant of 36 week gestational age with IIAC, which developed a hypertrophic-obstructive cardiomyopathia, acute renal failure and renovascular hypertension due to complete occlusion of both renal arteries, and eventually died at an age of 85 days. To date 86 cases of IIAC have been published. In 42 patients whose case records have been reported since 1960, cardiac failure and myocardial ischemia or infarction were the most commun clinical signs. In 54% of cases the electrocardiogramm showed myocardial ischemia. Characteristically neonates or young infants were affected by this disease, the mean onset of symptoms was 2 months, the mean time of survival was 4.2 month of age. Coronary arteries were calcified in 85% of cases; in addition, typical morphological changes were found in the arteries of lung, kidney, extremities, mesenterium, spleen, brain and the aorta. Extravascular calcification (kidney, soft tissue) could be demonstrated in 37% of the patients. The etiology of this rare disease is unknown.
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PMID:[Idiopathic infantile arterial calcinosis. A rare cardiovascular disease of uncertain etiology--case report and review of the literature]. 156 5

A 42-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation of severe hypertension. A right adrenal tumor was revealed by CT scan, and the elevation of cortisol and u-17OHCS was found. We made a diagnosis of adrenal adenoma with Cushing's syndrome and performed right adrenalectomy. However, a small myelolipoma (1.5 mm in diameter) was found beside the cortical adenoma by histopathological examination. Adrenal myelolipoma is not a rare disease now, because it is easily-detected as an incidental by CT scan. The present case of adrenal myelolipoma, however, is interesting and uncommon in its connection with functioning cortical adenoma. Only 3 cases have been previously reported so far in English and Japanese publications. We discuss the etiology of adrenal myelolipoma, and suggest that myelolipoma would develop in the course of regressive or necrotic degeneration of cortical cells by hormonal disorders, stress, circulatory disturbance or other unknown factors.
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PMID:[Adrenal myelolipoma associated with Cushing's syndrome: a case report]. 163 23

The conventional chest radiographs were studied of 18 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, waiting for, or treated with lung transplantation in the Papworth Hospital. The goal of the study was to find out whether there is a pattern characteristic of primary pulmonary hypertension. The following points were considered: a) pulmonary transparency; b) the hila; c) the left hemidiaphragm; d) the pulmonary artery; e) the right ventricle; f) the right atrium; g) the left ventricle. A score was assigned for any degree of abnormality of the points mentioned above. As a result, a radiological pattern was found that can: 1) confirm the presence of pulmonary hypertension; 2) exclude that this hypertension has a detectable cause; 3) measure the severity of the disease, particularly with regard to hypertension degree. The conclusion is that there is a radiological pattern strongly suggestive of primary pulmonary hypertension and that conventional radiology can help in detecting and monitoring this rare disease, which today can only be treated by means of transplantation.
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PMID:[Is there a typical radiologic picture of primary pulmonary hypertension? Study of 18 cases]. 194 63

Cardiac pheochromocytoma is a rare disease, and there have been few reports concerning anesthetic management for the resection. This is a report of a 46-year-old man with cardiac pheochromocytoma with the perioperative changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane (0.5-2.0%) and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Additional fentanyl (900 micrograms) was given as required. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin in a dose of 5-20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 was effective for prevention of intraoperative hypertension. After cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest were instituted, the manipulation of the tumor had no effect upon the blood pressure. A serious increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration occurred during both bicaval cannulation and manipulation of the tumor. Although the anesthetic management for resection of adrenal pheochromocytoma has been well-documented, that of cardiac pheochromocytoma requires following specific considerations. 1) Serious hypertension and arrhythmias may occur during manipulation of the heart. 2) It is possible to dissect the tumor safely after isolation of the heart from systemic circulation. It is of great interest that the blood pressure remained almost unchanged during cardiopulmonary bypass despite a marked increase in catecholamine concentrations. 3) Operative mortality rate is high.
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PMID:[Anesthetic management for resection of cardiac pheochromocytoma]. 238 59

This report describes two adolescents with severe hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis who had evidence of a hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis in their initial laboratory evaluation. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis is known to occur in approximately 16% of adults with renal artery stenosis but has not been well described in the pediatric literature. It is the result of excess aldosterone secretion stimulated by renal artery stenosis-mediated activation of the renin-angiotension system and by an increase in natriuresis from the contralateral, non-stenotic kidney. Although primary hyperaldosteronism must be considered in children with hypertension and hypokalemia, it is a rare disease in children. This report supports current recommendations that the initial focus of medical investigation in the severely hypertensive child should remain on the kidney.
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PMID:Renovascular hypertension presenting with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. 239 86

The most frequent form of nephrosclerosis in human kidneys is the so-called benign variant. It may develop subsequent to even short-lasting hypertensive episodes. The interlobular arteries may be primarily affected, occasionally accompanied by glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Consequently, progressive renal damage may occur potentially aggravating renal diseases of different origin. Malignant nephrosclerosis became a rare disease. Experimentally, it was impossible to induce its early intimal changes exclusively by high blood pressure values. Therefore, it was assumed that previous adaptive vascular changes, in addition to further advancing hypertension, may also be prerequisites for the development of malignant nephrosclerosis.
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PMID:[Current aspects of nephrosclerosis]. 248 2


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