Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transvascular escape rate of albumin [TERalb, i.e. the fraction of the intravascular mass of albumin (IVMalb) passing to the extravascular space per unit time] was determined from the disappearance of i.v. injected radioiodinated serum albumin in anaesthetized pigs during control conditions and during regional venous congestion in the infradiaphragmatic area. Balloon catheters were placed in the portal vein (infrahepatic portal congestion) and in the inferior vena cava above (suprahepatic caval congestion) and below (infrahepatic caval congestion) the outlets of the hepatic veins. TERalb was on the average 13% IVMalb.h-1 under basal pressure conditions. TERalb rose significantly (p less than 0.01) during suprahepatic caval and infrahepatic portal congestion to an average of 29 and 19% IVMalb.h-1, respectively. TERalb was positively correlated to the portal pressure (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Only a minor increment in TERalb was found during infrahepatic caval congestion. The hepatic share of the increased TERalb during stasis above the hepatic veins was estimated to be threefold that of the extrahepatic splanchnic area. Our results point to filtration of protein, predominantely through the lining of the sinusoids and perisinusoidal space of the liver into the interstitial space around the portal vessels and further into the lymphatics, as the main mechanism of the previously demonstrated marked increase in TERalb in patients with portal venous hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver.
 ...
PMID:Increased transvascular escape rate of albumin during experimental portal and hepatic venous hypertension in the pig. Relation to findings in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. 731 13

Acute hypertension was induced by adrenaline or bicuculline in rats mechanically ventilated with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen, in unrestrained rats breathing the same gas mixture, and in conscious unrestrained rats breathing air. The unrestrained rats had permanent indwelling catheters in the aorta and in one jugular vein. Three minutes after the pressure rise the rats were killed and the brains perfused in situ with saline. The protein leakage into the brain was studied with Evans blue-albumin and 125IHSA (human serum albumin). The extravasation of 125IHSA in unrestrained rats breathing nitrous oxide was higher than in rats breathing air after injection of bicuculline, but the difference was not statistically significant. Lidocaine significantly decreased the protein leakage in both conscious and anaesthetized rats. It is concluded that not only the vascular tone but also endothelial cell membrane properties can influence the hypertensive blood-brain barrier dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Do nitrous oxide and lidocaine modify the blood-brain barrier in acute hypertension in the rat? 737 7

Plasma aldosterone levels were measured in 50 patients with confirmed liver metastases from various histologically proved primary tumors. None of these patients had electrolyte abnormalities or history of benign liver disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, or renal disease. Patients with edema, ascites, or both had significantly greater elevation of plasma aldosterone levels compared to nonedematous patients; these patients also demonstrated a substantial degree of hepatic dysfunction as evidenced by lower serum albumin levels and higher bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. This study provides a rational basis for the use of the specific aldosterone inhibitor spironolactone in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic liver disease and edematous states.
 ...
PMID:Hyperaldosteronism associated with liver metastases. 738 77

1 The effects of methyldopa withdrawal on liver function and drug metabolism were investigated in ten elderly females suffering from the drug-induced orthostatic reaction and resistant hypertension. 2 There was a significant increase in serum albumin level, antipyrine metabolism and urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid 6 months after the methyldopa withdrawal. 3 The results suggest that patients treated with methyldopa might show a reduced metabolizing ability in spite of normal liver function tests.
 ...
PMID:Drug metabolism and liver function after methyldopa withdrawal. 742 73

1. The maximum rates of left ventricular ejection and filling were derived (Fourier analysis) from the left ventricular volume curve (99m technetium-human serum albumin gated blood pool studies) in 12 normotensive subjects and 15 hypertensive patients of matched age groups. 2. Average values of cardiac output, ejection fraction, heart rate and left ventricular ejection rate were not significantly different in the two groups. 3. Hypertensive patients had a slower rate of left ventricular filling (P < 0.05), suggesting diminished left ventricular compliance in hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal left ventricular relaxation in hypertensive patients. 744 93

Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) are less prone to develop a dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) when exposed to an abrupt increase in blood pressure than normotensive rats (NR), probably as a result of vessel wall hypertrophy and increased vessel wall to lumen ratio. Hemodynamic studies have indicated that structural adaptation develops early as a response to the increased pressure load in renal hypertensive rats (RHR). In the present study RHR (one renal artery constricted and the contralateral kidney intact) were subjected to acute hypertension induced by bicuculline, a drug that induces an abrupt increase in blood pressure concomitant with pronounced cerebral vasodilatation. Protein leakage in the brain, as indicated by Evans blue-albumin and 125IHSA (human serum albumin) extravasation, was not reduced in RHR compared to NR. The cerebrovascular permeability was slightly but significantly (p < 0.01) increased in RHR even in the absence of further blood pressure manipulation. No neurological symptoms were observed in conscious RHR when the BBB dysfunction was aggravated by hypercapnia. The increased cerebrovascular permeability in RHR cold be due to a lower degree of structural adaptation in RHR compared to SHR and/or to some permeability-increasing humoral factor in renal hypertension.
 ...
PMID:The blood brain barrier in renal hypertensive rats. 744 83

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during acute hypertension may contribute to hypertensive encephalopathy. In this study we tested the hypothesis that, in chronic hypertension, vascular changes might influence the susceptibility of the BBB to disruption. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY), 3-4 months of age, were anesthetized and acute hypertension was produced by infusing phenylephrine intravenously (i.v.). Permeability of the BBB was studied with radioactive iodine serum albumin (RISA) injected i.v. The ratio of brain-to-blood RISA was used as an index of permeability of the BBB expressed as protein transfer. In both SHR and WKY at resting arterial pressure, the protein transfer was less than 0.10%. In WKY exposed to acute hypertension (mean arterial pressure increased by 87 +/- 7 mm Hg), the protein transfer was 2.77 +/- 0.60%. In SHR with acute hypertension superimposed on chronic hypertension (arterial pressure increased by 80 +/- 7 mm Hg), the protein transfer was 1.16 +/- 0.45% (p less than 0.05, SHR vs WKY). These data suggest that cerebral vessels are less susceptible to disruption of the BBB by acute hypertension in SHR than in WKY. We speculate that the finding of reduced susceptibility to BBB disruption in chronic hypertension may explain, in part, the apparent susceptibility of previously normotensive patients to acute hypertensive encephalopathy.
Hypertension
PMID:Effect of chronic hypertension on the blood-brain barrier. 746 96

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of left ventricular (LV) mass, volume, and mass-to-volume ratio on mortality in chronic dialysis patients. The Design was a multicenter, prospective inception cohort study with a median follow-up of 41 months. The Setting was three university-affiliated nephrology units. A total of 433 patients who (1) survived > 6 months from the start of ESRD therapy and (2) had a technically satisfactory baseline echocardiogram were studied. Measurements included a baseline clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic assessment. LV hypertrophy was present in 74% and LV dilation was present in 36% of patients. In patients with normal cavity volume (< or = 90 mL/m2) and normal systolic function, high LV mass index (> 120 g/m2) and mass-to-volume ratios (> 2.2 g/mL) were independently associated with late mortality (> 2 yr after starting dialysis therapy). After adjusting for baseline age, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease, the relative risk for the former was 3.29 and for the latter was 2.24. Cavity volume was of no prognostic significance in this group. In patients with LV dilation and normal systolic function, high cavity volume (> 120 mL/m2) and low mass-to-volume ratio (< 1.8 mL/m2) were independently associated with late mortality, the relative risk in the former being 17.14 and the latter being 4.27. LV mass index was of no prognostic significance in this group. The baseline echocardiographic classification, based on LV mass and cavity volume, was the strongest predictor of late mortality, after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, chronic hypertension, and hemoglobin and serum albumin levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The prognostic importance of left ventricular geometry in uremic cardiomyopathy. 757 50

During 1984 to 1991, 54 out of 569 lupus nephritis patients at Siriraj Hospital were male (F:M sex ratio = 10:1). Mean age of the males was 29.8 +/- 14.6 years, range 12 to 69. The three most common extrarenal manifestations were anemia, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal involvement (74.5, 51.1, and 43.9%, respectively). The major renal manifestations were edema (75.9%) with heavy proteinuria over 3.5 g/day in 62.2% and nephrotic/nephritic findings in 51.9% of cases. Hypertension was found in 35.2%. Mean serum creatinine was 2.0 +/- 1.4 mg/dl while 60.5% of cases had creatinine clearance below 50 ml/minute. Mean serum albumin was 2.6 +/- 0.8 g/dl, cholesterol 262.8 +/- 129.5 and triglycerides 343.2 +/- 244.6 mg/dl. Interestingly, hypercholesterolemia (> 250 mg/dl) was found only in 44.8% of cases with nephrotic syndrome. Antinuclear antibody was demonstrated in 91.5%, anti-dDNA antibody in 64.4% and LE cells in 40.4% of cases. Renal biopsy was done in 45 patients and 30 cases (66.7%) were classified as diffuse proliferative nephritis (WHO type IV), 15.6% of type II, 6.7% each of type III and V, with the rest of type V plus IV (4.4%). Tubulointerstitial inflammation was found in 77.3% of cases. During the follow-up period (42 +/- 35.8 months), 6 patients died. The cause of death were uremia in 3, infection in 2, and cardiac failure in 1. By life-table analysis, the probabilities of survival for 1 and 5 years were 89.5 and 80.6%, respectively. In comparison between sexes, except for a higher amount of urinary protein excretion (4.5 +/- 3.1 vs 3.5 +/- 3.0 g/day, p < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in clinical and pathological parameters, and probability of survival.
 ...
PMID:Lupus nephritis in males: 8-year experience at Siriraj Hospital. 761 14

The paper provides evidence and results of using new therapeutical treatment of glomerulonephritis, such as pulse-therapy with cyclophosphane, therapy with angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or that with antihyperlipidemic agents. Based on much experience with pulse-therapy with cyclophosphane (over 100 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and lupus nephritis), it is concluded that this method is highly effective. Treating 57 patients with ACE inhibitors has shown that in CGN these drugs should be used only when taking into account their antihypertensive effect and capacity of lowering intraglomerular hypertension, as evidenced by the renal functional reserve, and diminishing proteinuria. The long-term (7-12 month) antihyperlipidemic therapy (diet and lovastatin) in 20 patients with CGN accompanied by the nephrotic syndrome caused a significant reduction in the concentration of serum cholesterol and proteinuria, a significant increase in serum albumin levels; remission of the nephrotic syndrome occurred in 9 patients; but better effects were observed in non-inflammatory nephropathies, such as membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and nephrosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:[New approaches to the treatment of nephritis]. 762 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>