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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Body fluid volumes and their relation to mean arterial pressure and plasma renin activity (PRA) were examined in heminephrectomized rats after 4 wk of treatment with deoxy-corticosterone acetate (DOCA) and placed on one of three levels of salt intake, either high (D-HS), normal (D-NS), or low (D-LS); sham-operated rats, which received heminephrectomy and no DOCA treatment, also received high (S-HS), normal (S-NS), or low (S-LS) intakes of salt. Body fluid volumes were measured as the distribution volumes of radioiodinated serum albumin, 35SO4, and tritiated water for plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (EFV), and total body water (TBW), respectively. Approximately the same degrees of hypertension occurred in the D-HS and D-NS rats, but the D-LS rats were normotensive. PV and EFV were increased only in the D-HS rats, with no prominent changes occurring in the D-NS rats. Intracellular fluid volume (ICF) was not changed in the D-NS rats when compared with the S-NS rats. The ratios of PV/EFV and EFV/TBW in the DOCA-treated groups on high or normal salt were not different from their controls. PRA was greatly suppressed in the D-HS and D-NS rats when compared with all other groups. In another group of D-HS rats, sodium was restricted for 2 wk; in this group the mean arterial pressure fell to control levels without significant changes in PV, but interstitial fluid volume was reduced to normal levels. These results demonstrated that 1) in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats there is expansion of body fluid volumes that are proportionally distributed among the PV, EFV, and ICF; 2) increases in body fluid volumes are not necessary for DOCA to maintain hypertension; 3) a certain minimal amount of dietary sodium is necessary for the development and maintenance of hypertension; and 4) following DOCA treatment the suppression of PRA is not due solely to expansion of body fluid volumes.
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PMID:Body fluid distribution in the maintenance of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. 684 57

A mechanical device was successfully used in therapeutic renal artery occlusion in a patient with renal amyloidosis and massive proteinuria (25 g/day). The serum albumin level increased from 1.8 to 3.4 g/dL after cessation of proteinuria. There has been no evidence of peripheral embolization, hypertension, or infection of the infarcted kidney for the past 20 months following the procedure.
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PMID:Renal infarction with Gianturco wool coils. Use in the management of massive proteinuria. 689 29

Hypertensin occurred 24 to 48 hours after resuscitation in 35 of 86 injured patients, who had combined systolic and diastolic hypertensin (150/100 mmHg) for six or more consecutive hours. Plasma volume (PV), RBC volume, extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by the inulin dilution technique, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and peripheral renin levels were measured in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients an average of 40 hours after injury. The hypertensive patients had an average mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 114 mmHg, compared with 95 mmHg in the nonhypertensive patients. The RBC volume and ECF were comparable for both groups, whereas PV was increased in the hypertensive patients (3.6 L vs 3.3 L). Calculated interstitial fluid space (IFS) volume was greater in the nonhypertensive patients, as was the ratio PV/IFS. The MAP in both groups correlated directly with PV/IFS and serum albumin concentrations, and inversely with peripheral renin concentrations. This suggests that postresuscitative hypertension is not due to fluid overload but rather to the fluid maldistribution related to altered IFS compliance as reflected by the increased PV/IFS.
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PMID:Altered interstitial fluid space dynamics and postresuscitation hypertension. 701 68

A sustained increase in blood pressure was obtained by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHBA, 1 g/kg) in rats under nitrous oxide anesthesia and in conscious rats with indwelling catheters in the aorta and a jugular vein. Evans blue-albumin and 125I-labeled serum albumin, given i.v. before GHBA, were used to study the function of the blood-barrier in rats killed 60 min after the injection of the drug. Brains from rats subjected to acute hypertension while awake showed less extravasation of albumin than did brains from anesthetized rats. Sectioning of the cervical symphatetic nerves did not increase extravasation in conscious rats. The cerebral blood flow, determined with the 14C-ethanol technique, did not significantly differ in GHBA-treated rats and controls. Because of the sustained increase in blood pressure, GHBA-induced hypertension might be a useful model for the study of long-term effects on the brain of hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular permeability and cerebral blood flow in hypertension induced by gammahydroxybutyric acid. An experimental study in the rat. 711 57

It has been shown that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of chronically hypertensive adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is less susceptible to disruption during acute superimposed hypertension than normotensive controls. The purpose of this study was to determine if the BBB of young SHR, not yet markedly hypertensive, was similarly protected during super-imposed acute hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 22) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (n = 23) 4-5 weeks of age were anesthetized with secobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and acute hypertension was produced by an intravenous injection of norepinephrine (75 micrograms). Permeability of the BBB was studied with radioactive iodine serum albumin (RISA) injected intravenously. The ratio of brain-to-blood RISA X 100 was used as an index of permeability of the BBB expressed as % protein transfer. In WKY exposed to acute hypertension mean arterial pressure increased by 52 +/- 2 mmHg and in SHR the increase was 49 +/- 3 mmHg. The protein transfer of the cerebral hemispheres was 1.17 +/- 0.30% in WKY and 0.90 +/- 0.20% in SHR (P less than 0.40). These data indicate that BBB protein transfer during acute superimposed hypertension does not differ between young SHR and WKY. Thus, the reduced susceptibility to BBB disruption in chronically hypertensive adult SHR is not present in young SHR, making them as susceptible as WKY to cerebral complications related to protein transfer during acute hypertension.
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PMID:The blood-brain barrier in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. 711 67

Three patients developed hepatic injury two months, ten months and two years, respectively, after hydralazine therapy for hypertension. Clinical and biochemical recovery followed discontinuation of drug therapy. Liver biopsies of the three patients revealed varying degrees of centrilobular necrosis. Complement 3 and Complement 4 levels were measured and found to be low in the patient with poor liver synthetic function, as was evident from the low serum albumin level and prolonged prothrombin time. Hydralazine-induced liver injury may be due to abnormality of drug metabolism in the liver.
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PMID:Hydralazine-induced hepatitis. 721 34

It is accepted that the laboratory and clinical so-called "transurethral resection syndrome" reflects passage into the body of a large fraction of the water used to perfuse the field of endoscopic resection. The major complete syndrome (dyspnoea, nausea, hypertension, raised central venous pressure, bradycardia then pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema, cardiovascular shock and renal insufficiency) is rare: 1.5 per cent of cases of transurethral resection of the prostate in the literature, 0.6% in a series of the last 300 resections performed by the authors (2/300). Also was it not possible to hope for a complete physiological study of sufferers from this complication. Nevertheless, it may be considered that all transurethral resections of the prostate may be associated with similar movements of water to a minimal extent. In order to attempt to demonstrate this, the authors studied in a series of 19 patients pre- and postoperative blood volumes by a radio-immunological technique using pre- and postoperative serum albumin haematocrits. In this short series, patients who had undergone a short endoscopic resection (35 minutes on average) of a small adenoma (13 grams on average) with a mean irrigation of 10 litres of water rendered isotonic by the addition of glycocolle, without any transfusion or infusion being necessary during the course of the resection, the conclusion was simple: no variation in blood volume was demonstrated. Is the physiopathological hypothesis advanced to explain this phenomenon false? And is the problem in fact one of peroperative septicaemia?
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PMID:[Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp syndrome), myth or reality? Analytic studies using a radioactive isotope method (author's transl)]. 721

Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the cerebrovascular bed enables the resistance vessels to better withstand a high blood pressure in terms of blood-brain barrier integrity. Sympathetic denervation could hence be expected to lead to a decrease in cerebrovascular tone and increased vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier. In the present study acute hypertension was induced in conscious unrestrained rats by administration of angiotensin or bicuculline. The albumin leakage into the brain, as studied by Evans blue-albumin and 125I labelled human serum albumin, was not enhanced in acutely or chronically sympathectomized rats compared to controls.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular sympathetic denervation and blood-brain barrier function in conscious rats. 723 42

The experiments were performed to determine if indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, could reduce albumin extravasation and brain edema in some models of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The blood pressure was increased by i.v. adrenaline or bicuculline in conscious rats with indwelling catheters in the aorta and jugular vein. 125I-labeled serum albumin and Evans blue-albumin were used as tracers of the blood-brain barrier function. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly reduced albumin extravasation after the administration of adrenalin but not after bicuculline, i.e. when acute hypertension was combined with a metabolically mediated cerebral vasodilatation. It is argued that the protective effect of indomethacin in adrenaline-induced hypertension probably is related to the vasoconstrictory effect of the drug. Five microliters of air or Lipiodol were injected into the right internal carotid artery in rats anesthetized with pentobarbitone. The albumin content in the injected hemisphere was seven to nine times higher after fat than after air embolism. No significant reduction of tracer extravasation was obtained in rats treated with indomethacin. Rats subjected to fat embolism had a significant homolateral cerebral edema (i.e. increased water content) which was not reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. By contrast, the water content was significantly increased also in the non-injected side in rats given indomethacin indicating a larger spread of edema fluid in these animals.
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PMID:Indomethacin and cerebrovascular permeability to albumin in acute hypertension and cerebral embolism in the rat. 723 73

A total of 1075 relatives of 106 individuals (probands) with treated essential hypertension and heredity for this disease have been investigated concerning the existence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension or hypertensive diseases was near 50%. Of the decreased relatives, 77% had a positive history for hypertension. Of the decreased relatives with cerebrovascular diseases, 52% had expired before 65 years of age. We have examined 307 relatives of these probands. They had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, heart rate and serum albumin concentration than age- and sex- matched controls without heredity for hypertension and a screened population. Screening of relatives belonging to families with a high frequency of hypertension seems to have a potential practical value and may furthermore provide information about the etiology of the disease.
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PMID:Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma albumin in relatives of hypertensive patients. 725 62


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