Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In late 1983, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to evaluate persons at risk of exposure to three chemical waste sites by comparing clinical disease end points and clinical chemistry parameters with serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels. A total of 106 individuals participated in the study. The only statistically significant finding in regard to self-reported, physician-diagnosed health problems was a dose-response relationship between serum PCB levels and the occurrence of high blood pressure; however, this association failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.08) when we controlled for possible confounding effects of both age and smoking. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also higher in the group with elevated serum PCBs; additionally, there were isolated statistically significant correlations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) with serum lipid fraction-adjusted PCB level (r = -0.21) and serum albumin (r = -0.24) and total bilirubin (r = 0.30) with serum PCB level. Although the ranges of serum levels reported herein from exposures to PCBs in the general environment are lower than those that have been associated with acute symptoms or illness in other studies, whether these levels are associated with long-term health risks is not known. Associations of such chronic, low-dose exposures with observable health effects as suggested by this study must be evaluated further before any final conclusions can be drawn.
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PMID:Evaluation of potential health effects associated with serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels. 310 24

Unilateral locus ceruleus lesion enhances leakage of radioiodinated human serum albumin into the ipsilateral cerebral cortex of rats with norepinephrine-induced hypertension. This ultrastructural study was undertaken, to determine the mechanism by which this permeability alteration occurs, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer. Unilateral locus ceruleus lesion was produced in male Wistar-Furth rats by stereotaxic microinfusion of 5 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine. Two weeks later, rats were injected with HRP intravenously and acute hypertension was induced in awake rats by an intravenous infusion of norepinephrine (6 micrograms), epinephrine (6 micrograms) or angiotensin amide (12 micrograms) given over a 2-min period. Thirty seconds later, the rats were perfused with fixative under deep anesthesia and their brains were sliced and processed for demonstration of HRP reaction product. Leakage of HRP occurred in both cerebral hemispheres in response to hypertension induced by the three pressor agents, but the leakage was greater on the lesioned side in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine, while in the case of angiotensin-induced hypertension side-to-side differences in permeability alterations were not observed. In both cerebral hemispheres increased permeability affected mainly arterioles, which showed enhanced pinocytosis as the principal mechanism of HRP extravasation.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase in hypertensive rats: effects of unilateral locus ceruleus lesion. 311 66

We describe 40 adults with idiopathic minimal-change glomerulopathy. They consisted of 27 females and 13 males, mean age 40.7 +/- (SD) 19.8 years (range 15-78 years). Twenty patients were less than 40 years of age at presentation. They presented with significantly (p less than 0.05) lower serum creatinine (0.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.5 mg/dl) and serum albumin (1.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.7 g/dl) levels than patients greater than 40 years. Only 7 patients (18%) presented with a decrease in renal function (serum creatinine greater than 1.3 mg/dl). All patients had nephrotic-range proteinuria at the time of presentation or biopsy. There was no significant difference in presenting proteinuria (8.7 +/- 5.7 g/24 h) or length of follow-up (mean 63.5, range 4-176 months) between the two age groups. Microscopic hematuria and hypertension were each present in 21% of the patients. Thirty-four patients received therapy with prednisone. A complete remission was obtained in 91% of the patients treated with prednisone. The response occurred within 16 weeks in 77% of the patients. The response to prednisone therapy was similar for patients less than 40 years when compared to those greater than 40 years, with a complete remission being obtained in 88 and 94%, respectively. The rate of response, however, differed significantly with 73% of patients less than 40 years versus 32% of patients greater than 40 years achieving a complete remission by 8 weeks. Twenty patients initially responding to prednisone therapy (64.5%) relapsed. A relapse occurred within 3 months of attaining a complete remission in 70% of the patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Minimal-change glomerulopathy of adulthood. 318 23

Urinary protein excretion and composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) change dramatically with age and sex. In this study, serum proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis in male and female SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls aged 5 to 80 weeks. Serum albumin concentrations of SHR were significantly higher than those of WKY at 5 (4.02 +/- 0.24 vs 3.60 +/- 0.25 g/dl) and 20 weeks (4.30 +/- 0.30 vs 3.77 +/- 0.31 g/dl) and significantly lower at 73-80 weeks (2.73 +/- 0.33 vs 3.45 +/- 0.34 g/dl). In addition, male SHR had significantly lower albumin levels than female SHR after 40 weeks of age. These differences may contribute to the development of hypertension and reflect the appearance of pathologic proteinuria in SHR. In spite of their differences in albumin concentrations, the fractional composition of serum protein from SHR and WKY were undistinguishable. All animals, regardless of strain or sex, manifested a significant decline in the relative amounts of albumin and low molecular weight protein and a significant increase in the relative amount of high molecular weight protein with increasing age. The etiology and significance of these age related changes in the fractional composition of serum protein are unknown, but they differ from the normal developmental pattern in humans.
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PMID:Age-related changes in serum proteins of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 326 24

An infant with severe homozygous protein C deficiency was brought to medical attention because of purpura fulminans and severe bilateral vitreous hemorrhages in the neonatal period. Infusions of fresh frozen plasma were given for 8 months. On two occasions, attempts to decrease the frequency of fresh frozen plasma infusions to less than twice a day led to episodes of microangiopathic hemolysis, fibrinolysis, and acute renal failure. Infarction of skin and subcutaneous tissues did not recur. Both episodes were controlled after reinstitution of fresh frozen plasma. Complications of therapy with fresh frozen plasma included hyperproteinemia and hypertension. Warfarin therapy was instituted when the baby was 8 months of age, followed by a gradual withdrawal of fresh frozen plasma therapy. The dose of warfarin required to maintain the prothrombin time in a range of 1.8 to 2.2 times normal varied considerably during short periods, a phenomenon that may have been due to several factors: hypercatabolism of the drug with prolonged administration, abnormality of liver function, variation in levels of serum albumin, fluctuations in drug dosage secondary to oral administration, and variations in dietary vitamin K. Protein C determinations by immunologic and functional assays consistently showed detectable but reduced protein C antigen levels with undetectable activity levels, suggesting that a dysproteinemia rather than a deficiency of synthesis is responsible for the child's coagulopathy.
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PMID:Homozygous protein C deficiency: observations on the nature of the molecular abnormality and the effectiveness of warfarin therapy. 334 Apr 76

This retrospective multicenter study has revealed 68 children with membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN), accounting for 5.5% of all patients (pts) with nephrotic syndrome who were biopsied during the period of study. The total group includes 54 pts with idiopathic MGN (IMGN), 10 with lupus MGN (LMGN), and 4 who were ANA-positive but had no other features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Renal biopsies were examined by light (LM), immunofluorescent (IF), and electron microscopy (EM), and the findings compared with clinical features within and between the IMGN and LMGN groups. The LMGN pts tended to be more frequently female and older, and differed significantly from the IMGN pts by being more frequently hypocomplementemic (70% v 4%, p less than 0.001), and having higher levels of total serum protein (6.6 +/- 1.2 v 5.1 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.03), and serum albumin (2.9 +/- 0.7 v 2.2 +/- 0.8, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or the frequency of hypertension or hematuria between the two groups. Pathologic features that differed between LMGN and IMGN included diffuse mesangial hypercellularity (44% v 7%, p = 0.01), glomerular electron-dense subendothelial deposits (78% v 13%, p = 0.001), and mesangial deposits (100% v 31%, p = 0.002). The frequency of focal mesangial hypercellularity and of mesangial sclerosis, tubulointerstitial disease, and frequency of glomerular immunoreactants did not differ between the groups. Limited follow-up of the pts has revealed no difference in outcome between the IMGN and LMGN pts. We conclude that differentiation between IMGN and LMGN in children, as in adults, may be difficult on pathologic grounds alone and that the separation can only be made by established clinical and laboratory criteria of SLE.
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PMID:Comparison of idiopathic and systemic lupus erythematosus-associated membranous glomerulonephropathy in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 348 1

The blood pressure, urinary symptoms (proteinuria, hematuria, casts), the albumin- and cholesterol concentration in the serum and the renal function (GFR, RPF) of 125 children with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) were analysed. 76 children had only single symptoms (93% proteinuria, 33% hypertension), which indicated a GN. The serum albumin and cholesterol concentration were pathological in 43% of the patients and serum creatinine level was pathological in 20% of the children. After 6 years the individual courses of renal function demonstrated a deterioration of GFR and RPF for most of the children. It can be concluded, that the summary consideration of epidemiology, symptomatology and renal function of different glomerular lesions has only a limited application to the clinical practice.
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PMID:[Glomerulonephritis (GN) in childhood. I. Epidemiology, clinical aspects and kidney function in 125 children]. 359 Oct 33

The results of treating 235 hypertensive patients who had been prescribed nifedipine in a hypertension clinic were examined for factors affecting blood pressure response and the frequency of side-effects. Pretreatment systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the decrease in blood pressure but this effect was lost following statistical correction. No relation was found between response and age or race nor did any biochemical or haematological parameter predict the antihypertensive effect. Fifty-nine (25%) patients complained of side-effects which were dose related; the drug had to be discontinued in 30 patients (13%) but the remaining 29 continued at the same or reduced dosage. Small, but statistically significant, elevations were seen in serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin as well as a rise in average blood glucose levels. Although side-effects are fairly common nifedipine is an effective antihypertensive drug when given alone or in combination with other therapies.
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PMID:An audit of nifedipine in a hypertension clinic. 371 59

Because estrogens have been reported to produce sodium retention, this study investigated the possibility that hypertension in rats resulting from the ingestion of an estrogen used as an oral contraceptive could be due to increases in body fluid volumes. Female rats were given feed containing mestranol for 1, 3, and 6 mo; control rats were given the feed without mestranol. The mestranol-treated rats had higher arterial pressures than the controls only after 6 mo of treatment. Plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water were measured in each rat by the distribution volumes of radioiodinated serum albumin, 35SO4, and tritiated water, respectively. Values for blood volume, interstitial fluid volume, and intracellular fluid volume were derived from these measurements. These body fluid volumes, expressed per 100 g of body weight, were not different between the mestranol-treated rats and their controls at any of the three treatment times. Due to differences in body weight and lean body mass between the mestranol-treated and the control rats, these volumes also were expressed per 100 g of lean body mass. Again, no differences were observed between the mestranol-treated rats and the control rats for any of these body fluid compartments at any of the treatment times. These studies, therefore, were unable to provide evidence that increases in body fluid volumes contributed to the elevated arterial pressure in this rat model of oral contraceptive hypertension.
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PMID:Body fluid volumes in rats with mestranol-induced hypertension. 372 96

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of hypercapnia on susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier to disruption during acute hypertension. Two methods were used to test the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation during hypercapnia increases disruption of the blood-brain barrier. First, permeability of the blood-brain barrier was measured in anesthetized cats with 125I-labeled serum albumin. Severe hypertension markedly increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during normocapnia, but not during hypercapnia. The protective effect of hypercapnia was not dependent on sympathetic nerves. Second, in anesthetized rats, permeability of the barrier was quantitated by clearance of fluorescent dextran. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier during hypertension was decreased by hypercapnia. Because disruption of the blood-brain barrier occurred primarily in pial venules, we also measured pial venular diameter and pressure (with a servo-null method). Acute hypertension increased pial venular pressure and diameter in normocapnic rats. Hypercapnia alone increased pial venular pressure and pial venular diameter, and acute hypertension during hypercapnia further increased venular pressure. The magnitude of increase in pial venular pressure during acute hypertension was significantly less in hypercapnic than in normocapnic rats. We conclude that hypercapnia protects the blood-brain barrier. Possible mechanisms of this effect include attenuation of the incremental increase in pial venular pressure by hypercapnia or a direct effect on the blood-brain barrier not related to venous pressure.
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PMID:Protection of the blood-brain barrier by hypercapnia during acute hypertension. 374 Feb 84


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