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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By means of a series of cardiovascular autonomic function tests, systemic parasympathetic neuropathy was demonstrated in 41.8% of 189 patients with ocular hypertension and in 2.6% of 76 controls. Parasympathetic neuropathy was significantly more common in patients with narrow-angle hypertension than in those with wide-angle hypertension. Raised intraocular pressure may be a manifestation of systemic disease rather than an exclusively ocular phenomenon.
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PMID:Autonomic neuropathy in ocular hypertension. 286 74

Immunotactoid glomerulopathy is a recently described entity characterized clinically by proteinuria, hematuria and hypertension, and on renal biopsy by various glomerular lesions including extracellular microtubules composed of immune reactants. Furthermore a defined immunological disease or cryoglobulinemia are absent. We report the case of a patient with immunotactoid glomerulopathy and hypocomplementemia (low C3 level) who developed several episodes of leucocytoclastic skin vasculitis with large immune deposits in and around small vessels. It is suggested that skin and renal involvement are part of the same systemic disease.
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PMID:Immunotactoid glomerulopathy with leucocytoclastic skin vasculitis and hypocomplementemia: a case report. 355 44

Sixty-eight foreign-born Hispanic patients with angiography-proven retinal-vein occlusion (RVO) and 50 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls were evaluated for systemic disease. Thirty of the RVO patients had central retinal-vein occlusion, and 38 had branch retinal-vein occlusion. Hypertension, the most commonly associated factor, was present in 66.2% of the RVO patients in contrast to 18% of the controls (P less than .001). Other factors which were more common in the RVO population included open-angle glaucoma (19.1% vs 8%), diabetes mellitus (16.2% vs 12%), and atherosclerotic heart disease (14.7% vs 10%); these, however, were not statistically significant (P greater than .05). Hyperlipidemia was present in 12% of the controls and 10.3% of the RVO group (P greater than .50). This is in direct contrast to reports of nonHispanic populations where hyperlipidemia has been reported to be present in up to 60% of RVO patients.
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PMID:Factors associated with retinal-vein occlusion in Hispanics. 366 15

We performed computerized tomography (CT) of the brain in 22 patients, 2 to 18 years of age, with stable chronic renal failure (n = 6), on dialysis (n = 14) and after renal transplantation (n = 2). None suffered from a systemic disease known to affect the central nervous system (CNS) and none had overt CNS dysfunction at the time of the CT examination. The most striking pathological finding was brain atrophy, which was present in 13 patients (59%). In two patients cortical infarcts were present and one patient was found to have a hypodense area in the basal ganglia. The brain atrophy could not be related to the type of basic renal disease, the age of the patient, corticosteroid dosage, the duration of the renal failure or the presence of hypertension However, the mode of treatment, i.c. hemodialysis, seemed to be a risk factor. We assume that metabolic derangements and/or the accumulation of toxic substances due to the uremic state may be responsible for the brain atrophy in young patients with CRF. Recurrent osmotic changes of the brain during hemodialysis may aggravate the process of brain atrophy.
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PMID:Computerized tomography of the brain in children with chronic renal failure. 403 Feb 22

Acute glomerulonephritis is a syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of hematuria often accompanied by proteinuria, hypertension, edema, and renal dysfunction. Acute glomerulonephritis can be subdivided into primary glomerular disease, postinfectious glomerulonephritis, and glomerulonephritis associated with systemic disease. With few exceptions, the underlying mechanism of acute glomerulonephritis is an immunologic one. To differentiate clinically the specific etiology of the glomerulonephritis, attention must be focused on the presence of signs or symptoms of systemic disease, changes in the environment of the patient, family history of renal disease, and recent history of infectious disease.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis. A clinical overview. 636 24

Hypertension may occur during pregnancy under different clinical circumstances. One cause is toxemia, a systemic disease unique to pregnant women, in which hypertension is associated with proteinuria, CNS irritability, hepatic and renal functional abnormalities, and, in fulminant disease, a consumptive coagulopathy. Since it is clear in the non-pregnant population that the vascular complications of hypertension can be prevented with antihypertensive therapy and since toxemia is the most common cause of maternal mortality, there is no reason not to treat pregnant women with hypertension.
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PMID:How should hypertension during pregnancy be managed? An internist's approach. 636 37

Of 196 patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, 169 had the nonarteritic form and 27 had the arteritic type. Visual acuities were 20/40 or better in 83 of 184 eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy but only eight of 45 eyes with the arteritic type. We found systemic disease associations for hypertension and diabetes mellitus only for patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy who were between 45 and 64 years of age. After a mean follow-up period of five years, 92 nonarteritic patients showed no changes in the first affected eye; there was eventual involvement of the second eye in 20 patients.
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PMID:Clinical profile and long-term implications of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 662 29

14 cases of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) were clinically analyzed, in whom we excluded known etiologies of optic nerve disturbances and confirmed the decreased blood supply to the posterior portion of the optic nerve. On the basis of our clinical findings, we have proposed the following criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic PION: (1) sudden onset of unilateral visual disturbance in older patients; (2) normal optic disc, subsequently developing simple optic atrophy; (3) hypertensive and arteriosclerotic changes in the retinal vessels; (4) varying degrees of impaired vision, variable visual field defects; (5) associated systemic disease such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, hypotension, etc.; (6) exclusion of other demonstrable causes of optic nerve disturbances, and (7) confirmation of abnormal hemodynamics in the posterior portion of the optic nerve by carotid angiography, ophthalmodynamography, ophthalmodynamometry and fluorescein fundus angiography.
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PMID:Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. III. Clinical diagnosis. 663 61

The authors report three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) who developed primary retinal vasculitis. All patients showed evidence of four American Rheumatism Association diagnostic criteria for S.L.E. The first case consisted of a woman with retinal central vein occlusion. Auto-immunization against retinal S antigen was present. She improved under heparin therapy. In the second case, a young girl had chronic optic disk vasculitis for seven years. In the third case, retinal arterial occlusive disease was present with optic nerve involvement. The differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis is discussed. S.L.E. is considered as autoimmune disease where circulating immune complexes play a major role in the pathogenesis. The ocular complications are probably a manifestation of the widespread systemic disease in patients without arterial hypertension. The authors summarize the ocular findings in S.L.E.: venous obstruction, constriction of retinal arteries, capillary vasculitis and disc neuritis. In some cases, there may be the first manifestations of the disease.
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PMID:[Retinal vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 674 12

Papilloarterial ischemia (PI) is the designation for a clinical picture characterized by circulatory insufficiency of the optic disk and the retinal arteries. Optic disk ischemia leads to visual loss, altitudinal field defects, pale papilledema and fluorescein angiographic filling defects of the disk capillaries. Retinal ischemia manifests itself by ophthalmoscopic and angiographic signs of caliber variations, focal constrictions or even occlusions of peripapillary retinal arteries. PI occurs more frequently in young females, in whom an inflammatory origin must be suspected in view of the angiographic staining of arterial walls, elevated sedimentation rates and clinical remission with systemic corticosteroids. Medical check-ups rarely relate PI convincingly with systemic disease, except in the elderly, where arterial hypertension or arteriosclerosis are often seen, and where the condition may improve after medical treatment of the cardiovascular status. PI was first described by the author in 1981; 10 cases are described in this paper and nosologically differentiated from other diseases of the optic disk and the retina.
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PMID:[Papilloarterial ischemia]. 685 33


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