Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The surgical intervention on 261 ureterovesicular segments was performed in 202 patients aged 3 months-14 years. All the patients presented with megaureter varying in forms: refluxing megaureter (147 cases), nonrefluxing megaureter (94 cases), megaureter with ureterocele (20 cases). Histological investigations demonstrated congenital structural changes of the same type to be a morphological basis of diverse megaureter forms. These structural changes involved muscular and connective tissue elements of the ureteral wall. Being qualitatively continual, the components varied in quantity thus producing different maldevelopments. Urodynamic dysfunctions depended on ureteral dysplasia severity and form. Clear-cut outlines in the x-ray image of the refluxing, nonrefluxing and megaureter with ureterocele resulted from the condition and structure of the ostium ureteris and its submucosal segment. The same pathogenetic origin of megaureter forms gave grounds for conducting operations of the same type, resection of the defective ureter along with the ostium and its replacement for a morphofunctionally competent segment with formation of another ostium. The response to the surgery was assessed in 196 patients (249 ureters). The follow-up lasted from 1.5 to 22 years. Good responses were achieved in 90%, satisfactory in 3.2%, poor in 6.8% of the surgical patients. High efficacy of the operation says in favour of its pathogenetic validity. The megaureter correction created favourable conditions for renal growth and development. However, in 7 cases the improvement has changed for progressive nephrosclerosis with decline in the organ function or arterial hypertension. The ureter in such cases was in stable good condition. The above observations suggest the necessity of further investigations of this problem and continuation of the patients' follow-up.
 ...
PMID:[The correction of primary megaureter in children. The late results]. 801 14

YACHIYODA SZ-5000 is a new model of lithotriptor made in Japan, of which the energy source is microexplosion. Compared with the old type of SZ-1, the water bag is substituted for a hot water bath and ultrasonography as well as fluoroscopy can be used for stone localization. Moreover, this new model is extremely small. The first clinical trial of 32 candidates with urinary tract calculi (34 stones) was performed at our hospital between September 1991 and June 1992. They were 10 women and 22 men between 25 and 71 with a mean of 47.3 years. All patients received no anesthesia. The stone location was: R2 for 16 stones, R3 for 5, U1 for 9, U2 for 1, and U3 for 3. The mean size was 14.1 mm. A mean number of 364, 326 and 324 shock waves were given for the R2, 3, U1, and U2, 3 stones, respectively. The second or third sessions were performed on 7 patients. Obvious symptoms and signs observed during the treatment were; local pain in 9 patients, nausea in 3, hypotension and bradycardia in 6, and hypertension in 3. Posttreatment fever up was found in two patients. In 34 stones, the efficiency evaluated 3 months later was 85.0% as determined by kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray and intravenous pyeography. In conclusion, YACHIYODA SZ-5000 is useful and safe in the management of patients with urinary tract stones.
 ...
PMID:[Experience with YACHIYODA SZ-5000 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. 817 51

The years following the first laparoscopic nephrectomy in man performed in 1990 were evidencing wide spread of transabdominal laparoscopic approach in operative interventions on the kidney, adrenals, ureter, urinary bladder, in iliac lymphadenectomy for prostatic and bladder cancer, in the treatment of varicocele, etc. Since 1993 we have made 4 nephrectomies using laparoscopic approach. The first operation in a 18-year-old male with parenchymatous hypertension lasted 7 hours, the following operations took from 2 hours 47 min to 1 hour 30 min. No complications occurred. Postoperative stay in hospital was, on the average, 7.2 days. The laparoscopic approach in urology and surgical nephrology of adults and children needs detailed studies, specification of indications and contraindications prior to its introduction into wide practice.
 ...
PMID:[Laparoscopic nephrectomy in a patient with a parenchymatous form of nephrogenic hypertension]. 867 60

Presentation of a case report of a female patient with single right kidney and background of left nephrectomy 21 years earlier due to hypertension who presented to the clinic after an episode of oliguria with lower limbs oedema and renal failure. Renal ultrasound evidenced moderate hydronephrosis, and backward pyelography showed medialization and lumbar ureter compression. CAT examination confirmed the ureteropyelocalycectasis as well as the reduction of the infrarenal lower cava vein to a fibrous cord with internal calcification. Axillary cavography and venography through both femorals demonstrated absence of the infrarenal cava vein segment and existence of a large replacement venous network. During surgery it became evident that the latter was displacing a retrovenous right lumbar ureter medially. Ureterolysis and ureter section with transposition, and termino-terminal anastomosis were performed. The morphological and functional results were excellent with recovery of the renal function (normal serum creatinine) which is still maintained after 7 years follow-up. As a consequence of this case, a review was made of different cava vein anomalies with repercussion in the urine excretory tract.
 ...
PMID:[Ureteral obstruction caused by periureteral venous dilatation secondary to infrarenal caval obstruction]. 876 4

Vesicoureteric reflux (retrograde passage of urine from the bladder into the ureter) can be secondary to bladder outlet obstruction or to a neuropathic bladder. However, most occurrences are due to a primary anatomical defect in the junction of the ureter and the bladder. Primary vesicoureteric reflux is usually found during investigation of urinary tract infection in children, but screening shows that it is present in 1-2% of symptom-free children. Moreover, it is often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, making it one of the commonest of inherited disorders. Mutations of a transcription factor gene which controls prenatal development of the kidney and urinary tract have been found in a rare syndrome which includes vesicoureteric reflux. Vesicoureteric reflux is associated with pyelonephritis, renal scarring, hypertension and renal failure and these associations may be prevented by medical treatment. Early screening for this reflux is recommended in families with other affected members.
 ...
PMID:Vesicoureteric reflux: all in the genes? Report of a meeting of physicians at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London. 880 94

Primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is one of the more common genetic disorders. Little is yet known about the genetics of this potentially manageable childhood condition, which is characterised by regurgitation of urine from the bladder to the kidney. The VUR phenotype is associated with shortness of the submucosal segment of the ureter due to congenital lateral ectopia of the ureteric orifice. VUR is found in 30-50% of infants and young children with a urinary tract infection. A serious concern in families with an affected patient is that approximately one half of siblings or offspring will be affected, but up to a half of these affected siblings and offspring may be asymptomatic in childhood. If left untreated, these patients may present later in life with proteinuria, hypertension or renal failure. VUR is the commonest cause of end-stage renal failure in children, and an important cause in adults. As the kidney damage resulting from severe VUR is preventable, early detection is desirable. The techniques for clinical diagnosis are invasive and costly, reinforcing the importance of identification of a gene for VUR to facilitate genetic screening. Although family studies suggest a major dominant gene, the inheritance pattern is still a matter of debate. In rare instances, VUR occurs in association with other diseases, such as the coloboma-ureteric-renal syndrome, which is caused by a PAX2 gene mutation. In this review, we present evidence that this common disorder may be caused by mutations in the developmental pathway of which the PAX2 gene forms a part.
 ...
PMID:Unravelling the genetics of vesicoureteric reflux: a common familial disorder. 887 47

The author discusses the present role of extracorporeal shock wave treatment of urolithiasis. The views are based on personal experience and a review of the recent literature. Compared with the original device, second generation lithotriptors have led to almost painless treatment. They are less effective in fragmenting the stones, however, which implies a higher number of repeat treatments. The indications and contraindications for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have remained unchanged over the last years. In principle, stones along the whole upper urinary tract can be treated. The ideal situation is a stone in the kidney pelvis less than 2.5 cm in diameter or an unimpacted stone in the upper or lower ureter, with normal collective system anatomy. The main determinants for treatment outcome are stone burden, number, location and chemical composition, presence of infection, intrarenal anatomy and fluid dynamics. Special situations often need additional treatment with other treatment modalities. Rest fragments, even less than 4 mm, are often of clinical significance within two years of treatment. Bioeffects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy include anatomical and functional alterations. Usually they are resolved within weeks. The relationship between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and new onset hypertension remains unresolved.
 ...
PMID:[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in urolithiasis. An update]. 897 5

To evaluate the relationship of selected medical conditions and medications with cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter, we interviewed 308 subjects with renal pelvis cancer, 194 subjects with ureter cancer and 496 control subjects in 3 areas of the United States. After controlling for the effects of smoking, age, gender and geographic residence, a history of hypertension (reported to have been diagnosed more than 5 years before interview) was associated with a small but significantly increased risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.8), whereas no relationship was observed with a variety of other medical conditions or medications. Stratified analysis showed that the risk associated with hypertension was twice as high among users of diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9) as it was among those who never used these medications (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.7). Our findings suggest that the association previously reported between hypertension and renal cell cancer may extend to cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter.
 ...
PMID:Possible relation between hypertension and cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter. 903 25

The incidence of tuberculosis has risen in many parts of the world, and more attention is being focused on genitourinary tuberculosis (GT), the second most common extrathoracic form of tuberculosis. Although chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, ablative surgery as a first-line management may be unavoidable for sepsis or abscesses. In cases with hydronephrosis and progressive renal insufficiency caused by obstruction, renal drainage (by stenting or nephrostomy) must be performed immediately. In all other situations triple-drug chemotherapy should be undertaken for at least 6 months and stable conversion obtained before ablative or reconstructive surgery is planned. Nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy is indicated for nonfunctioning or poorly functioning kidneys, particularly if continuous flank pain or hypertension is present. Stenosis of the ureter usually can be managed by temporary stenting and adjuvant corticosteroid therapy. Today the indications for augmentation are rare, but bladder replacement may be combined with ureter replacement using segments of intestine.
 ...
PMID:Indications for surgical management of genitourinary tuberculosis. 920 38

1. The alpha 2a/d-adrenoceptor subtype in the rat kidney modulates solute excretion (osmolar clearance). Since the kidney plays a role in chronic regulation of blood pressure, altered renal function may be implicated in the development of hypertension. A second alteration-that of the alpha 2a/d-adrenoceptor subtype gene-has also been correlated with hypertension in rats and man. 2. We hypothesized that as a consequence of the altered alpha 2a/d-adrenoceptor subtype gene previously shown in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, the increase in osmolar clearance following stimulation of the renal alpha 2a/d-subtype would be attenuated in SH rats as compared to normotensive Wistar rats. In contrast, based on the theory that such functional unresponsiveness of the alpha 2a/d-subtype would be genetically determined, we further hypothesized that in one kidney-one clip (1K-1C) rats, the response to stimulation of the renal alpha 2a/d-subtype would be intact as compared to the normotensive Wistar 1K-sham rats. 3. Male rats were unilaterally nephrectomized under ether anaesthesia. In the 1K-1C rats, a silver clip (diameter 0.254 mm) was also placed around the left renal artery. On the experimental day, rats were administered pentobarbitone (50.0 mg kg-1, i.p.). The carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for blood pressure monitoring and saline infusion. The ureter was catheterized for urine collection. A 31 gauge needle was advanced into the renal artery for infusion of the alpha 2a/d-selective agonist, guanfacine (vehicle, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 nmol kg-1 min-1 in Wistar and SH rats; vehicle and 10.0 nmol kg-1 min-1 in Wistar 1K-sham and 1K-1C rats). 4. In Wistar rats, guanfacine dose-dependently increased urine flow and sodium excretion. An increase in osmolar clearance but not free water clearance was also observed. However, in SH rats guanfacine failed to alter urine flow, sodium excretion, osmolar and free water clearance. In contrast, in both Wistar 1K-sham and 1K-1C rats, guanfacine increased urine flow rate. Again, this response was due solely to an increase in osmolar clearance. At these doses, guanfacine did not alter blood pressure or creatinine clearance during the experiment. 5. In summary, the ability of the alpha 2a/d-adrenoceptor subtype to mediate an increase in osmolar clearance was absent in a genetic model of hypertension, the SH rats. This effect was intact in an acquired model of hypertension (1K-1C rats). This suggested a defective modulation of solute excretion in SH rats which was probably due to alteration of the alpha 2a/d-subtype gene and not secondary to the elevated blood pressure. The altered alpha 2a/d-subtype gene and function may therefore play a causal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Renal alpha 2a/d-adrenoceptor subtype function: Wistar as compared to spontaneously hypertensive rats. 922 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>