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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of triamterene nephrolithiasis is reported in a man after 4 years of hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene therapy for hypertension. The stone passed spontaneously and was found to contain a triamterene metabolite admixed with uric acid salts. Factors affecting triamterene nephrolithiasis are discussed and 2 previously reported cases are reviewed.
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PMID:Triamterene nephrolithiasis complicating dyazide therapy. 726 70

Polycystic disease of the kidneys was found in 80 patients, who were members of 18 families. The disease could be demonstrated in 62 of 65 tested persons of these families. By ultrasound examination cyst formations could be detected already in the age of 6 years. The most common complications were urinary tract infections (46%), hypertension (30%) and nephrolithiasis (29%). Cysts of liver and pancreas were observed in 30%, cerebral hemorrhage in 6%. The frequency of hypertension and urinary tract infections as well as the occurrence of uremia increased in the fifth decennium.
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PMID:[Course and prognosis of polycystic kidney degeneration]. 728 58

Although calcium (Ca) is pivotal for the prevention of osteoporosis, its role in the prevention of other unrelated diseases such as arterial hypertension, cancer of the colon and nephrolithiasis is perplexing. No unitarian hypothesis explaining these unrelated effects of Ca has been postulated. Cytosolic Ca concentration is 10,000-fold lower than in the extracellular space, and this gradient is tightly maintained. Abnormal elevation of cytosolic Ca causes cell damage and death. Parathyroid hormone is a Ca agonist and the suppression of its secretion by Ca could explain the beneficial role of Ca intake in multiple diseases. Thus, parathyroid ablation improves hypertension in rats and cardiomyopathy in hamsters. Since anthropologic data suggests a higher Ca intake, of approximately 1,600 1,600 mg/day, in preneolithic than in modern diets, it is likely that our levels of PTH on genetically predisposed subjects with a loose cellular Ca control may aggravate frequent modern diseases and the process of aging. A higher Ca intake in both sexes should be one of the goals of preventive medicine of our time.
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PMID:Calcium, why and how much? 756 57

Comparing patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) to a normocalcemic control population, those with PHP have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and cardiac abnormalities. This study aimed at correlating cardiac findings (valvular and myocardial calcification, myocardial hypertrophy) with clinical data (age, sex, clinical manifestation, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, hypertension, skeletal abnormalities, hypercalcemic syndrome) and biochemical data (serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum iPTH level, serum creatinine). A group of 132 consecutive patients with surgically verified PHP (94 women, 38 men; ages 15-86, mean age 57 +/- 16 years) were included in this study. Blood chemistry, clinical presentation, radiography, and echocardiography were carried out in all patients for univariate and multivariate analyses of all parameters. There was no statistical correlation between clinical symptoms, biochemical data, and cardiac calcific alterations. Typical skeletal manifestations (osteolysis/subperiostal resorption) and valvular calcifications were significantly correlated to left ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.005). Cardiac abnormalities such as calcific myocardial deposits or mitral and aortic valvular calcifications do not correlate with laboratory findings and clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis. There was no biochemical or clinical variable that could predict the frequency or severity of valvular sclerosis or calcific deposits in the myocardium. However, PHP-related skeletal abnormalities and valvular calcification were predicting factors for left ventricular hypertrophy, a reversible cardiac manifestation of PHP. Myocardial hypertrophy is more often found with classic symptomatic PHP with osseous abnormalities.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism and the heart: cardiac abnormalities correlated to clinical and biochemical data. 772 54

This article begins with a discussion on changes in the maternal calcium-parathyroid axis in response to pregnancy, followed by calcium disorders that can take place during pregnancy. Hypercalcemia and its subsequent disorders, including hyperparathyroidism, hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and thyroid disease, are reviewed. Also, hypocalcemia and its subsequent disorders, including hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and hypomagnesemia, are addressed. Concluding the article are discussions on bone status and osteoporosis, calcium metabolism in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, and nephrolithiasis in pregnancy.
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PMID:Calcium disorders of pregnancy. 778 23

The infusion of the dried roots of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. is used in Brazilian popular medicine as a potent diuretic, especially in the treatment of hypertension and nephrolithiasis (renal calculi). Intravenous administration of crude root-extract (20-80 mg/kg) to anesthetized rats induces clear dose-dependent and reversible hypotensive responses. At higher doses the extract leads to bradycardia and death. In doses that do not alter the arterial blood pressure, the extract elicited immediate and dose-dependent reversible increase of water, sodium, and potassium renal excretion. The results, apart from indicating that the renal effect of the extract is not due to its systemic hypotensive action, support the folk therapeutic use of the infusion of the root-extract as a diuretic.
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PMID:Effect of crude extract of roots of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. I. Effect on arterial blood pressure and renal excretion in the rat. 799 Apr 94

Hypertension and calcium nephrolithiasis show some common features, such as the high prevalence of hypercalciuria and of elevated urinary sodium excretion. 28 patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease and 17 normals were studied: all the subjects were evaluated for the mean arterial pressure, and for the metabolic risk factors for calcium stone disease. The mean arterial pressure proved to be higher in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis than in normals. In normals the mean arterial pressure showed a direct relationship with the urinary calcium, while in the group of stone patients it had a direct relationship with the urinary sodium excretion. The lack of relationship between the mean arterial pressure and calcium excretion, in patients with calcium stones, suggests an impaired tubular calcium handling in such patients.
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PMID:[Arterial pressure in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis]. 803 56

Alterations in calcium metabolism have been detected in both human and rat primary hypertension at various levels of the biological organization; in particular, an abnormal renal electrolyte handling, leading to chronically enhanced urinary calcium excretion, has been demonstrated. In keeping with this finding, a significant statistical association between high blood pressure and prevalence of nephrolithiasis has been found in three independent population-based surveys. The first was carried out in the early 1960s in Goteborg, Sweden, on 895 50-year-old men, and showed a higher frequency of a positive history of nephrolithiasis with increasing blood pressure. The second and third studies were performed in Italy, one in the town of Gubbio, with screening of a representative sample (n = 3,431; 84%) of the adult population and the other in Pozzuoli, Naples, at the Olivetti factory, where 688 male workers (88% of the total male workforce) were examined. In both studies, the retrospectively evaluated relative risk of nephrolithiasis in hypertensive persons, after controlling for age, was significantly higher than in normotensive persons, with hypertension contributing by 18% to the overall rate of nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria is the most common risk factor for nephrolithiasis and, therefore, also a likely pathogenetic link between nephrolithiasis and hypertension. Dietary factors play an important contributory role in the prevention and treatment of these two widespread conditions, and a dietary approach, with particular regard to electrolyte intake, is a powerful tool for the prevention of hypertension-related kidney stone disease.
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PMID:Hypertension, calcium metabolism, and nephrolithiasis. 814 Nov 46

Although Ca in small quantities plays a fundamental role in cell activation, excessive intracellular Ca accumulation results in severe cellular damage and is a major factor in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Paradoxically, high Ca intake may be beneficial in unrelated disorders such as arterial hypertension, nephrolithiasis and in the prevention of colon cancer. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) could be the link capable to explain this paradox. PTH stimulates cellular calcium influx. Under normal conditions, this effect takes place only in target tissues for the hormone, but in the presence of altered cell-membrane permeability for calcium, normal plasma PTH may be detrimental, enhancing cellular calcium influx. Thus, the suppression of PTH secretion by a high Ca intake would result in a reduced PTH-induced cellular Ca accumulation in genetically predisposed tissues with a loose cellular Ca control. Thus, parathyroid ablation in dystrophic hamster reduces the elevated muscle Ca observed in muscular dystrophy and causes histological improvement without altering the serum Ca concentration. The amount of dietary Ca required is not firmly established, but anthropological observations suggest a daily intake of approximately 1600 mg, much higher than the present average Ca intake in Western societies. Thus, a higher Ca intake would be beneficial in the treatment, and more importantly, in the prevention of multiple diseases.
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PMID:[New perspectives in calcium metabolism]. 820 35

The frequencies of 10 diseases in a cadmium (and zinc) contaminated region in The Netherlands were analysed by comparing hospital admissions with those of a non-contaminated region and with national values. No significant differences were found for diseases which are commonly associated with increased cadmium uptake such as renal insufficiency, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, cancer, immaturity of the new-born. For the contaminated region a significantly higher frequency was only found for atherosclerosis; this was relatively strong for men aged > 40 yrs. However, no higher death frequency for atherosclerosis was observed. The results are discussed in relation to limitations in the evaluation techniques used. The absence of major health risks in the contaminated area is obvious, but the possible influence of long term-low level cadmium uptake on atherosclerosis requires more attention.
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PMID:Prolonged low-level cadmium intake and atherosclerosis. 825 93


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