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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography (IVP) were compared for their diagnostic value in 65 patients (29 women, 36 men; mean age 57 [19-85] years) thought to have disease of the kidneys or urinary tract (microhaematuria in 16, macrohaematuria in 5, urinary tract infection in 11, suspicion of renovascular hypertension in 6, suspected tumour in 5, suspected nephrolithiasis in 15, and flank pain of uncertain cause in 7). Ultrasound established an abnormal condition in 29, in five of which IVP gave false positive results, false-negative results in three. The false-negative results were an indirect sign of renal artery stenosis in one patient and in one patient each of duplex ureter and cystic ureteritis. Mild hydronephrosis (n = 3), stone in a kidney or the renal calyx system (n = 2) and tumour of the right kidney (n = 1), diagnosed by ultrasound, were not seen by IVP. Concordant results were thus obtained in 70% of cases. Ultrasound examination of the urinary tract gives such reliable results that in many cases an additional IVP is unnecessary.
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PMID:[A comparison of sonography and intravenous pyelography in diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs]. 240 30

The risk of invasive cervical carcinoma (No 180 by the International Classification of Diseases in 1975) was analysed in comparison to a control group of 599 healthy women. From these populations two subgroups were isolated: autochthonous women born in Upper Silesia (162 cases + 408 control women) and immigrants (107 cases + 191 controls). The risk of carcinoma was higher in the second subgroup. The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the risk of invasive cervical carcinoma among women doing heavy work with exposure to industrial dusts and gases in working environment. A significantly higher risk of invasive cervical carcinoma was observed also in the populations of women who had lithiasis (cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, bladder calculosis), diabetes, hypertension and venereal diseases or had had operations on the genital system, mainly for erosions and myomas.
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PMID:[Analysis of selected risk factors in invasive cervical cancer among autochthonous women (born in Upper Silesia) and migrants]. 262 56

Triamterene (TA) is a mild 'potassium-sparing' diuretic usually employed in combination with other more potent diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. TA pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in normal volunteers, elderly subjects and in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction are reviewed. A variety of adverse renal effects, such as abnormalities in urinary sediment, nephrolithiasis, interstitial nephritis and acute renal failure, has been reported to occur and is also reviewed. Of particular concern with the increased availability of 'over-the-counter' nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAID) is the adverse interaction between TA and NSAID which may culminate in acute renal failure. Although a rare occurrence, the clinician should be aware of potential adverse reactions associated with the use of TA.
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PMID:Triamterene and the kidney. 266 34

The methods of radiologic investigation of the urinary tract have radically altered. Sonography has established itself as the basic method of demonstrating the size and shape of the kidney. Ultrasound reliably identifies cysts among renal tumors. It is increasingly used as the primary method in the search for nephrolithiasis or ureteral stones. Urography offers the highest resolution for the delineation of pathologic changes in the renal pelvis. It is no longer available as a screening method in suspected renovascular hypertension. CT serves to clarify doubtful sonographic renal findings. It is the method of choice for staging of renal tumors and the definition of parenchymal as well as perirenal damage after trauma. Angiography, especially as regards the diagnostic value of digital subtraction angiography, is the diagnostic method of choice in suspected renovascular hypertension. The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in nephrology and urology cannot yet be finally assessed.
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PMID:[Radiological methods for visualization of the urinary tract]. 266 66

150 patients dying from renal cell carcinoma are studied in order to reveal the background disease, incidence and character of the nephrosclerosis and the possible morphogenetic link between nephrosclerosis and carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is found to develop in 82.7% of cases in the kidneys with signs of nephrosclerosis. The diffuse nephrosclerosis developing in connection with the hypertension disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis is the most important. Proliferation of the canaliculi epithelium with the appearance of undifferentiated cells are regularly found in the nephrosclerotic areas. The disturbance of the epithelium differentiation is followed by the development of dysplasia the phenotypical variants of which are similar to those of renal cell carcinoma. Adenomas are found in 11.3% of cases of renal cell carcinoma which may originate from the adenomas developing against the background of nephrosclerosis.
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PMID:[Background and precancerous processes in renal cell carcinoma]. 280 41

With available medical treatment programs a remission of stone disease could be achieved in more than 80 per cent of the patients and a decrease in individual stone formation rate obtained in greater than 90 per cent. The need for stone removal may be reduced dramatically by an effective prophylactic program. There is some evidence that certain stones (even calcareous types) may undergo dissolution in vivo with appropriate therapy. Moreover, properly applied medical treatments may be capable of overcoming nonrenal manifestations as well as preventing new stone formation. Thus, the potential development of bone disease in patients with renal tubular acidosis may be averted by potassium citrate therapy. Despite these advantages it is clear that the medical treatment approach cannot provide total control of the disease. Stone disease generally presents with a surgical problem related to an already formed stone before medical diagnosis and selective treatment may be applied. Some patients, albeit a minority, are recalcitrant to medical treatment no matter how heroic. A satisfactory response to medical treatment requires continued compliance by the patient to the recommended treatment program and a commitment by the physician to provide long-term followup care. There is no cure, only prophylaxis. The increasing ease and decreasing cost of new approaches to stone removal, particularly with the advent of second generation extracorporeal lithotripsy, will undoubtedly cast a continuing uncertainty on the need for medical diagnosis and treatment. Several factors might influence the choice between surgical and medical approaches. One factor is the severity of stone disease. Patients with repeated episodes of stone formation might be more likely to adopt preventive therapy, whereas those with infrequent stone episodes may elect simply to have them removed upon their occurrence without medical treatment between episodes. Also, the possibility that lithotripsy may cause long-term hazards (for example development of hypertension) must be clarified. Another factor is the occurrence of extrarenal manifestations. In patients suffering from systemic disorders in which nephrolithiasis is only 1 manifestation (for example distal renal tubular acidosis) a medical approach may be justified exclusive of effects on stone formation. Finally, one must consider the relative practicality and cost between stone removal and a medical approach. It is likely that improvements and reductions in costs will occur with both approaches. It is hoped that urologists and internists work jointly to find an appropriate balance between the 2 approaches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Medical management of nephrolithiasis in Dallas: update 1987. 304 39

Intravenous and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 88 patients: 34 with tumours, 10 with renal trauma, 26 with suspected renovascular hypertension, 6 with vascular impression on the renal pelvis, 8 with nephrolithiasis and 4 with sonographically abnormal kidneys. Venous and arterial DSA always gave diagnostically useful images. Intravenous DSA is valuable in patients with suspected renovascular hypertension or after vascular surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and transcatheter embolisation. Arterial DSA is preferable to venous DSA in other clinical situations, particularly in the evaluation of renal tumours, and may be recommended in preference to conventional angiography.
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PMID:Digital subtraction angiography of the kidney. 305 61

Gout is a clinical syndrome encompassing a group of metabolic diseases that are all characterized by abnormal uric acid metabolism. In its fullest form, gout is defined by: an increase in the serum urate concentration; characteristic, recurrent, acute arthritic attacks, with monosodium urate monohydrate crystals demonstrable in synovial fluid leukocytes; tophi, usually in and around joints of the extremities, composed of monosodium urate monohydrate deposits; renal disease, often accompanied by hypertension with glomerular, tubular, interstitial, and vascular involvement; and uric acid nephrolithiasis. Any combination of these manifestations may occur, although tophi and urate nephropathy rarely antedate gouty arthritis.
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PMID:Hyperuricemia and gout. 351 32

Living related donor (LRD) nephrectomies are controversial due to the risks to the donor and improved cadaveric graft survival using cyclosporine A. Between December 22, 1970, and December 31, 1984, 1096 renal transplants were performed at a single institution, 314 (28.6%) from LRD. The average age was 34.3 years (range: 18-67); none had preoperative hypertension. All nephrectomies were performed transabdominally. Major perioperative complications occurred in 22 (7.0%). These include wound infections (3.5%), pancreatitis (1.0%), injuries to spleen (1.0%) or adrenal gland (0.3%) requiring removal, pneumonitis (0.6%), ulnar nerve palsy (0.6%), femoral artery thrombosis after arteriogram (0.3%), pulmonary embolus (0.3%), and upper pole infarct of contralateral kidney (0.3%). There are six known deaths in this series, none of which were related to the operation. Major late complications were seen in 50 (20.0%) of 250 patients followed for 6 to 175 months (mean 53.1 months). These included definite hypertension (5.6%), suture granuloma (4.4%), incisional hernia (3.6%), proteinuria (2.4%), bowel obstruction (2.0%), nephrolithiasis (1.2%), wound infection (0.4%), scrotal hydrocele (0.4%), and chronic pancreatitis (0.4%). While the risk of hypertension appears to increase as the interval from donation increases, no cases of renal failure after donation have been noted, and negligible proteinuria among those followed long-term has been seen in this series. It is felt that living related kidney donation is justified when the relative is sincerely motivated and well informed prior to donation.
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PMID:Living related kidney donors. A 14-year experience. 352 9

There were 631 patients treated for proven urogenital tuberculosis in 1966-1985. Indications for nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed in 137 (21.7%) patients operated. A badly damaged or functionless kidney was removed in 85 (62.0%) patients for the early control of persistent tuberculous cystitis; in 18 (13.1%) because of chronic, nonspecific urinary infection, dispersed calcifications with subsequent nephrolithiasis, pain or other discomfort; in 16 (11.7%) due to supposed nephrogenic hypertension, and in 3 (2.2%) because of extrarenal disease. In 15 (10.9%) patients the symptomless kidney was removed preventively. The management of renal tuberculosis by itself did not need nephrectomy.
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PMID:Persistent tuberculous cystitis: the most common indication for nephrectomy in the management of urogenital tuberculosis. 358 54


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