Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primarily hypervolaemic, high output forms of hypertension, with features indicating or strongly suggesting fluid overload as the cause of elevated cardiac output, resulting from renal disease with reduced glomerular filtration rate causing sodium retention, renal tubular causes of sodium retention, greatly excessive sodium intake and low renin hypertension, can be treated by reduction of sodium intake and potentiation of its excretion by diuretic therapy, removal of the cause (e.g. aldosteronoma), and calcium antagonists. Excessive vasoconstriction resulting from noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in neurogenic hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, orthostatic hypertension and alpha-adrenergic drug administration; angiotensin excess due to renal ischaemia brought about by aortic coarctation, renal arterial and arteriolar stenosis, intraluminal obstruction, external renal compression, renin-producing tumours, intrinsic kidney diseases and excessive renin substrate; and vascular structural disorders such as atherosclerosis, arteriolitides and fibrosis with or without calcification of major arteries may also induce hypertension. Secondary hypertension of uncertain mechanism may occur in hyperparathyroidism, hyper-or hypothyroidism, or acromegaly. All are best treated by appropriate correction of the endocrine excess or deficiency. It may also occur in pregnancy, where the mechanism may involve prostaglandin-thromboxane imbalance or calcium deficiency; calcium deficiency with some evidence of benefit from calcium supplements; and the recumbent hypertension paradoxically associated with autonomic failure. Excellent responses to specific correction of the underlying cause or pathogenetic mechanism is usual in young individuals but less frequent in older patients.
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PMID:Secondary hypertension. An overview of its causes and management. 137 54

Calcium is unique in its distribution in living organisms with an extremely high hard and soft tissue and extra- intracellular concentration gradient. Calcium deficiency through stimulating parathyroid hormone secretion tends to blunt such a difference by paradoxically increasing the calcium concentration in the soft tissue and intracellular compartment. Since aging is associated with the progressive aggravation of calcium deficiency, such blunting also progresses with aging. The dysfunction, damage and death of cells occurring in all diseases is always associated with a blunting of the extra- and intracellular calcium components. Calcium supplement especially with highly biologically available active absorbable calcium, was associated with the suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion and the normalization of a such blunting of intercompartmental distribution of calcium examples in hypertension and diabetes mellitus with evident improvement of clinical manifestations and laboratory tests.
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PMID:Calcium, parathyroids and aging. 195 48

Calcium deficiency is a constant menace to land-abiding animals, including mammals. Humans enjoying exceptional longevity on earth are especially susceptible to calcium deficiency in old age. Low calcium and vitamin D intake, short solar exposure, decreased intestinal absorption, and falling renal function with insufficient 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D biosynthesis all contribute to calcium deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, bone loss and possibly calcium shift from the bone to soft tissue, and from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, blunting the sharp concentration gap between these compartments. The consequences of calcium deficiency might thus include not only osteoporosis, but also arteriosclerosis and hypertension due to the increase of calcium in the vascular wall, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and senile dementia due to calcium deposition in the central nervous system, and a decrease in cellular function, because of blunting of the difference in extracellular-intracellular calcium, leading to diabetes mellitus, immune deficiency and others (Fig. 6).
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PMID:Aging and calcium as an environmental factor. 294 80

Calcium deficiency is a global problem, especially in the aging population. Among various nutrients, calcium is one of the few that is still deficient in industrialized countries such as Japan and many Western countries. Calcium deficiency is readily connected with osteoporosis, which is a decrease of bone calcium content. Less well known is the calcium outflow from bone that occurs to prevent decrease of blood calcium in calcium deficiency caused by the parathyroid hormone, with consequent calcium overflow into soft tissues and the intracellular compartment. Such intracellular paradoxical Ca overload as a consequence of nutritional calcium deficiency may give rise to a number of diseases common in old age: hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, malignancy, and degenerative joint disease.
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PMID:Calcium paradox: consequences of calcium deficiency manifested by a wide variety of diseases. 1087 5