Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pre-operative and operative complications in 2266 patients having undergone transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for the past 20 years at Kitasato University Hospital were analyzed. They consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 258 prostate cancer patients. Seven hundred and fifty four patients showed some of physical disorders prior to TUR:hypertension in 147 cases, diabetes mallitus in 87, ischemic heart disease in 46, chronic obstructive lung disease in 41 and others. Operative and postoperative complications of TURP were seen in 308 cases (13.6%). Perforation of the prostatic capsule was seen in 100 cases (4.4%) and bladder perforation into intraperitoneal cavity in 6 cases (0.3%). Transurethral fulgulation for postoperative hemorrhage was conducted on 79 cases (3.5%). Hyponatremia lower than 130 mEq/L was noted in 14 cases (0.6%). Severe urinary tract infection leading to bacteremia was observed in 9 cases (0.4%). Postoperative epididymitis was evident in 20 cases (0.8%). There was postoperative urinary incontinence in 19 cases, 3 of which was treated with Teflon-paste injection successfully. One patient had to undergo AMS-800 artificial sphincter implantation. The number of postoperative urethral stricture patients requiring urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy was 12 (0.5%) and postoperative bladder neck contracture was seen in 20 cases (0.9%). One patient (0.04%) who developed DIC after profuse postoperative hemorrhage died on the 37th postoperative day. The efficiency of TURP depends not so much on the skill of cutting as on the speed and accuracy of orientation and haemostasis. The quick recognition of anatomical landmarks will assure effective and safe resection.
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PMID:[Pre-operative, operative and postoperative complications in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate]. 768 90

Hereditary peculiarities in individual responses to environmental chemicals are a common occurrence in human populations. Genetic variation in glutathione S-transferase, CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase, and paraoxonase exemplify the relationship of metabolic variation to individual susceptibility to cancer and other toxicants of environmental origin. Heritable receptor protein variants, a subset of proteins of enormous pharmacogenetic potential that have not thus far been extensively explored from the pharmacogenetic standpoint, are also considered. Examples of interest that are considered include receptor variants associated with retinoic acid resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia, with paradoxical responses to antiandrogens in prostate cancer, and with retinitis pigmentosa. Additional heritable protein variants of pharmacogenetic interest that result in antibiotic-induced deafness, glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and hypertension, the long-QT syndrome, and beryllium-induced lung disease are also discussed. These traits demonstrate how knowledge of the molecular basis and mechanism of the variant response may contribute to its prevention in sensitive persons as well as to improved therapy for genetically conditioned disorders that arise from environmental chemicals.
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PMID:Influence of heredity on human sensitivity to environmental chemicals. 778 56

The first vasectomy operation was carried out 100 years ago in patients with prostate hyperplasia with symptoms. Then it became extensively used for hereditary hygiene purposes/eugenics, especially after the passing of the sterilization law in Denmark in 1935. In Nazi Germany, vasectomies and castrations were also used for forced sterilization of undesired races. Vasectomy has become a popular method of fertility control, especially in the US. In Denmark it is also popular, and since the 1973 sterilization law, approximately 100,000 procedures have been performed with a 95% rate of satisfaction. Vasectomy seems not to be as harmless as previously thought. The blockage of the transport route from the testes does not stop spermatogenesis. Spermatozoa are a certain kind of foreign matter which are first produced in puberty and act as antigens vis-a-vis other organisms. Certain immune complexes are formed that can have implication for a number of autoimmune diseases. Later in life vasectomy can be a potentiating factor in arteriosclerosis according to rhesus monkey experiments. Men with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or heavy smokers should not undergo vasectomy. On the other hand, a 1990 epidemiological study showed no increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in vasectomized men. Yet the immune complexes could have other, more serious biological consequences. In large cohort studies the connection to testicular cancer has not been proven with certainty, but there may be an increased risk of prostate cancer among the vasectomized. The American Urological Association (AUA) has recently recommended that men over 40 who had been vasectomized should undergo examination and tests for prostate-specific antigen every year for early detection of cancer. There has been no indication of an increased mortality from prostate cancer among vasectomized men in the above epidemiological studies, but the AUA advises counseling patients about the possible connection.
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PMID:[Vasectomy]. 800 96

In China, an estimated 30 million men have undergone vasal voluntary sterilization, and about 11.97% of Chinese couples rely on vasectomy, according to a 1990 survey. The no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) and the percutaneous chemical vas occlusion methods are major developments in vasectomy technique with an effectiveness rate of over 98% for both. In a study in Thailand, complication rates were 0.4/100 cases for NSV and 3.1 for the incisional approach. Since 1971, over 10 million Chinese men have undergone NSV. Vas ligation is the most popularly used method in China. It has provided 98% of effectiveness in a comprehensive survey involving 64,656 vasectomies in 8 provinces. As an alternative to vas ligation, electrocoagulation creates a firm scar that effectively occludes the ends of the vas. The contraceptive efficacy of electric cautery was reported at 99.62%-100% in 7439 vasectomies during a period of 10 years; azoospermia and complication rates were 0% and 0.53%, respectively, in 1088 vasectomies. The complication rate was less than 2%, including hematoma, infection, painful sperm granuloma, epididymitis, and sexual dysfunction, in a comprehensive survey involving 179,741 vasectomies in 8 provinces. 2 large cross-sectional epidemiologic studies done in Sichuan Province showed that men with vasectomies were not at greater risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes than men who had not undergone the procedure. Recently, 2 epidemiological studies conducted in the US suggested that vasectomy may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The risk of developing prostate cancer by the age of 80 is about 1 in 500 in Shanghai. Whereas approximately 1 of 11 men in the US will develop prostate cancer. It is possible that the disease goes undiagnosed, but a combination of diet and hormonal factors related to race may help explain some of the variation.
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PMID:Vasal sterilization in China. 822 55

Since the introduction of hormonal treatment for prostatic cancer by Huggins and Hodges in 1941, severe side effects of synthetic estrogen, which have overcome its benefit, have been reported in the U.S.A. and in European countries. However, in Japan the adverse effects of estrogen have been reported to be milder than in western countries, and estrogen still has an important role in the treatment of prostatic cancer in Japan. In this communication, the side-effects of synthetic estrogen administered to 109 prostatic cancer patients, who were admitted to Kyoto University Hospital between 1980-1990 are reported. Fifty-three (48.6%) of the 109 patients suffered adverse side effects of the estrogen, specifically cardiac disease (20.2%), fluid retention (14.7%) and hypertension (13.8%). Five of these patients died. Among the risk factors analyzed, daily dose, past history of cardio-vascular disease and ECG abnormalities were significantly correlated with the appearance of adverse effects. The reasons why the frequency of lethal side-effects is lower in our cases compared to findings reported by the Veterans Administration group may be the lower daily dose and cessation of estrogen administration when mild adverse effects appear and some other unknown factors, although the background of the patients and method of analysis are not comparable among them. The overall frequency of side-effects in prostatic cancer patients administered estrogen in our cases is not necessarily lower than in western countries, but the severity of the side effects was milder in our cases. We must be a ware of the potential adverse effects of estrogen.
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PMID:[Side effects of estrogen administration to prostatic cancer patients: clinical and statistical survey of 109 prostatic cancer cases of Kyoto University Hospital]. 846 May 81

The value of prostate cancer screening remains controversial because of the high prevalence of the disease and the fact that many tumors detected through screening are not destined to lead to morbidity or mortality, rendering treatment unnecessary. An ongoing NCI-sponsored screening trial may eventually put an end to the controversy. However, in the meantime, cost-utility estimates suggest that the cost per crude and quality-adjusted life year gained from prostate cancer screening and treatment ranges from $8,400 to $23,100 (with an estimated 1 to 2.68 QALYs gained from screening and treatment), and that these estimates are actually lower than, or well within the range of, the costs of many commonly accepted medical interventions, including screening mammography in women under age 50 ($232,000) and treatment of hypertension with captopril ($82,600) or hydrochlorothiazide ($23,500). Thus, we conclude that prostate cancer screening may indeed be cost effective and should be offered to men in the at-risk age range.
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PMID:An overview cost-utility analysis of prostate cancer screening. 860 45

Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) activity was measured in human tissue homogenates and body fluids. The enzyme was ubiquitously present, revealing high activity in renal cortex, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, testis, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. The activity in the body fluids was low. Prolyl oligopeptidase activity was significant higher in tumours of prostate, lung and sigmoid, than in the healthy tissues. Sera of individuals suffering from HIV infection, malaria, prostate cancer or benign prostate hypertrophy contained lowered activity. Interestingly, the low serum activity during prostate carcinoma increased upon medical treatment with anti-androgens. This suggests hormonal control of the gene transcript. A positive correlation with angiotensin converting enzyme activity in hypertensive patients was demonstrated and this further supports the possible involvement of prolyl oligopeptidase in the renin-angiotensin system and in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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PMID:Distribution of prolyl oligopeptidase in human peripheral tissues and body fluids. 870 29

The study covered mortality among a cohort of geologists working in North-Western Russia. The cohort included 3911 geologists, geophysicists and drillers, whose life was followed during 1977-1992. The standardized relative mortality risk with all death causes equalled 0.58 in general. Risk of mortality with hypertension in the male geologists was 21.7 times higher and for the female ones-25.4 times higher than for general population. Definite dependence between the stronger effects and the longer length of service was seen. The highest standardized relative mortality risk appeared among the drillers. Occupational risk factors for geologists reliably increase risk of mortality with active rheumatism, diseases involving arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. The male geophysicists tend to have higher incidence of prostatic cancer, and female ones-higher incidence of uterine carcinoma.
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PMID:[Mortality of geologists in relation to occupational activities]. 870 38

One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (+/- 2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)=3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR=4.52, 95% CI=1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR=3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (> or = 3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> or = 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.
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PMID:Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer. 893 56

A retrospective study on 107 men with hematospermia between 1986 and 1993 is reported. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 73 years (mean 45.6 years). Sixty five patients (60.7%) were asymptomatic except for hematospermia. Hematospermia disappeared within one month in 43% of all the patients, and in 61% of those under 40 years of age. Thirty four patients had urological diseases; 15 patients had chronic prostatitis, 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia, 3 prostatic calculi, 1 genital tuberculosis, 1 prostate cancer, and 4 other diseases. Hematospermia was ascribed to hypertension in another 5 patients. However, the cause of hematospermia was not apparent in 79% of the patients under 40. We recommend a routine physical examination to detect infectious or inflammatory lesions, in younger patients with transient hematospermia whereas a through urological screening for more serious urogenital diseases, and measurement of blood pressure in older patients especially those with persistent hematospermia.
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PMID:[Retrospective study of 107 patients with hematospermia]. 908 44


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