UMLS:C0020538 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating monocytes from hypertensive patients show elevated secretion patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increased expression of adhesion molecules, and an increased adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist, reduces the activation of circulating monocytes from hypertensive patients and diminishes the monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Monocytes of 20 hypertensive patients and 20 normotensive controls were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and Dynabeads, and the monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cell monolayers was measured by adhesion assays. To characterize monocyte activation we assessed the expression of activity-related cell surface markers that are also involved in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, such as CD11a/b and CD54, as well as the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 before and after telmisartan therapy using flow cytometry. Spontaneous adhesion of monocytes from hypertensive patients and the adhesion after stimulation with angiotensin II were significantly increased compared with those in normotensive controls (p<0.05). Treatment of hypertensive patients with the AT(1) receptor antagonist telmisartan significantly diminished the adhesion of circulating monocytes to human endothelial cells (p=0.02) despite the increase in the expressions of CD11b, CD54 and CCR5 after telmisartan therapy. Reducing monocyte adhesion may be a novel beneficial effect of the AT(1) receptor antagonist telmisartan helping to prevent vascular alterations in hypertension. The mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, since reduction in monocyte adhesion was not attributable to changes in adhesion molecule expression.
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PMID:Effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist telmisartan on monocyte adhesion and activation in patients with essential hypertension. 1766 55

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), a circulating form of ICAM-1, has been known to be involved in the development of vascular diseases that are associated with vascular smooth muscle cell migration, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Here we investigated the contributions of sICAM-1 in promoting vascular migration in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). sICAM-1 increased RASMC migration, and this response was stronger in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) than in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. The CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 subunits of ICAM-1 receptors were expressed in both SHRs and WKY rats; however, the expression levels of CD18 and CD11b were greater in SHRs than in WKY rats. The neutralization of the receptor subunits with anti-CD11a and -CD18 antibodies abolished the sICAM-1-increased migration. The treatment of inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase suppressed the sICAM-1-stimulated migration of RASMCs. sICAM-1 also increased the sprout formation in aortic rings on Matrigel, and this response was inhibited by treatment with these inhibitors. The results suggest that sICAM-1 play crucial roles in vascular cell function through Syk pathways, and that the altered responses of sICAM-1 in RASMCs from SHRs may be mediated by the increased expression of the CD18 receptor.
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PMID:Contribution of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. 1799 63

The endothelium plays a key role in the development of atherogenesis and its inflammatory and proliferative status influences the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of two beta blockers such as nebivolol and atenolol on gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following an oxidant stimulus. HUVECs were incubated with nebivolol or atenolol (10 micromol/L) for 24 hours and oxidative stress was induced by the addition of oxidized (ox)-LDL. Ox-LDL upregulated adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, E-selectin, and P-selectin); proteins linked to inflammation (IL-6 and TNFalpha), thrombotic state (tissue factor, PAI-1 and uPA), hypertension such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vascular remodeling such as metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and protease inhibitor (TIMP-1). The exposure of HUVECs to nebivolol, but not to atenolol, reduced these genes upregulated by oxidative stress both in terms of protein and RNA expression. The known antioxidant properties of the third generation beta blocker nebivolol seem to account to the observed differences seen when compared to atenolol and support the specific potential protective role of this beta blocker on the expression of a number of genes involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effects of nebivolol on endothelial gene expression during oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 1843 28

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) occurs in about 95% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and in 60% of type 2 DM patients and it is the main cause of legal blindness in adult people. The aim of this manuscript was to review the main risk factors for DR. The major environmental risk factors are hyperglycemia, high blood pressure levels, and long-term duration of DM. However, not all patients will not develop DR, suggesting the presence of a genetic predisposition to DR, especially for severe forms of DR. Special strategies has been used to evaluate the genetic role in DR. Family studies shown that there is a familial aggregation of DR. Candidates genes have been studied (RAGE; VEGF; PPAR-delta; ICAM-1; ECA; ENPP 1; eNOS) and positive or negative associations with DR were demonstrated. Some chromosomes were also associated to DR in selected populations. Finally, genetic expression studies reinforce the association of candidate genes, or participation of others genes, with the presence of DR. DR is a common complication of DM and, along with non-genetic or environmental risk factors, the identification of genes related to DR could result in more specific and efficient DR treatment.
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PMID:[Diabetic retinopathy risk factors]. 1850 68

There is increasing evidence that TGF-beta family member cytokine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 plays different pathophysiological roles in the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Upregulation of BMP-4 has been linked to atherosclerosis and hypertension in the systemic circulation, whereas disruption of BMP-4 signaling is associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension. To test the hypothesis that BMP-4 elicits differential effects in the pulmonary and systemic circulation, we compared the prooxidant and proinflammatory effects of BMP-4 in cultured human coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs) and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). We found that BMP-4 (from 0.3 to 10 ng/ml) in CAECs increased O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2) generation, induced NF-kappaB activation, upregulated ICAM-1, and induced monocyte adhesiveness to ECs. In contrast, BMP-4 failed to induce oxidative stress or endothelial activation in PAECs. Also, BMP-4 treatment impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation and increased O(2)(*-) production in cultured rat carotid arteries, whereas cultured rat pulmonary arteries were protected from these adverse effects of BMP-4. Thus, we propose that BMP-4 exerts prooxidant, prohypertensive, and proinflammatory effects only in the systemic circulation, whereas pulmonary arteries are protected from these adverse effects of BMP-4. The vascular bed-specific endothelial effects of BMP-4 are likely to contribute to its differential pathophysiological role in the systemic and pulmonary circulation.
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PMID:Differential proinflammatory and prooxidant effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 in coronary and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. 1853 60

Fibrosis is an important component of large conduit artery disease in hypertension. The endogenous tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the heart and kidney. However, it is not known whether Ac-SDKP has an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect on conduit arteries such as the aorta. We hypothesize that in ANG II-induced hypertension Ac-SDKP prevents aortic fibrosis and that this effect is associated with decreased protein kinase C (PKC) activation, leading to reduced oxidative stress and inflammation and a decrease in the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and phosphorylation of its second messenger Smad2. To test this hypothesis we used rats with ANG II-induced hypertension and treated them with either vehicle or Ac-SDKP. In this hypertensive model we found an increased collagen deposition and collagen type I and III mRNA expression in the aorta. These changes were associated with increased PKC activation, oxidative stress, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 mRNA expression, and macrophage infiltration. TGF-beta1 expression and Smad2 phosphorylation also increased. Ac-SDKP prevented these effects without decreasing blood pressure or aortic hypertrophy. Ac-SDKP also enhanced expression of inhibitory Smad7. These data indicate that in ANG II-induced hypertension Ac-SDKP has an aortic antifibrotic effect. This effect may be due in part to inhibition of PKC activation, which in turn could reduce oxidative stress, ICAM-1 expression, and macrophage infiltration. Part of the effect of Ac-SDKP could also be due to reduced expression of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-beta1 and inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation.
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PMID:Prevention of aortic fibrosis by N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. 1864 Dec 75

The lack of blood donations and the threat of infections from blood and blood products have led to extensive research into the development of blood substitutes. The latest generation of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC) has been shown to induce side effects like hypertension, vasoconstriction, inflammation and oxidative stress. HBOC are able to restore volemia and transport oxygen after a hemorrhagic shock, the reperfusion leading to the restoration of the blood flow in vessels. We propose an innovative approach, more closely emulating clinical situations, to assess the impact of HBOC perfusion on endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. Through this approach we quantified levels of oxidative stress, vasoactive factors and inflammation. EC were cultivated under a laminar flow to reproduce the return of shear stress (SS) during the reperfusion. We showed that heme oxygenase I transcription correlated with changes in oxidatively modified heme and methemoglobin; all were lower under SS. SS induced increased nitric oxide production, which may have implications for the mechanism of in vivo vasoconstriction and hypertension. E-selectin changes under SS were greater than those of ICAM-1. Our results demonstrate how it is essential to include SS in assays attempting to understand the potential vascular side effects of HBOC perfusion.
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PMID:The importance of the effect of shear stress on endothelial cells in determining the performance of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers. 1897 9

The aim of the present study was to determine the rates of stroke in patients with chronic NVAF (non-valvular atrial fibrillation), evaluating the relationship between plasma levels of inflammatory variables at admission and the occurrence of stroke during a 3-year follow-up. A total of 373 consecutive patients with chronic NVAF were enrolled. Blood samples were drawn within 72 h of admission, and we evaluated plasma levels of IL (interleukin)-1beta, TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and vWF (von Willebrand Factor). Subsequent patient events (stroke at follow-up) were monitored over a 3 year period. By multivariate analysis, only age, hypertension and high levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and vWF remained significant predictors of a higher risk of experiencing ischaemic stroke at follow-up. Moreover, plasma values of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and vWF had a significant area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. In conclusion, baseline plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and vWF are predictors of new-onset ischaemic stroke at follow-up in patients with chronic NVAF.
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PMID:Immuno-inflammatory predictors of stroke at follow-up in patients with chronic non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). 1898 May 76

Microalbuminuria is a predictor of adverse outcome in hypertension.We evaluated in vivo platelet activation, by urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane (TX)B2 and plasma P-selectin, in hypertensives with or without microalbuminuria, and its possible association with oxidative stress, by urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG)F2alpha and endothelial dysfunction. Sixty essential hypertensive patients, with (n=30) or without (n=30) microalbuminuria, and 30 controls were studied. Endothelial function was assessed by nitric oxide products, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion was higher in microalbuminuric (median 805 pg/mg creatinine) compared to nonmicroalbuminuric patients or controls (414 and 291 pg/mg, respectively; P<0.0001). Plasma P-selectinwas significantly higher in patients with microalbuminuria (median 136 ng/ml) as compared to those without microalbuminuria or controls (85 and 65 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha excretion was also enhanced in microalbuminuric (median 279 pg/mg creatinine) compared to nonmicroalbuminuric patients or controls (157 and 146 pg/mg, respectively; P<0.0001). A significant impairment in endothelial function was found in microalbuminuric patients, with decreased nitric oxide and increased ICAM-1 and ADMA levels. Multivariate regression analysis showed that urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha excretion (beta=0.49; P<0.0001) and microalbuminuria (beta=0.36; P<0.001) were independently related to 11-dehydro-TXB2 in hypertensives. Vitamin E supplementation (900 mg daily for 1 month) in 10 hypertensives with microalbuminuria was associated with normalization in median 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 8-iso-PGF2alpha. We conclude that lipid peroxidation is a major determinant of persistent platelet activation in hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Determinants of platelet activation in hypertensives with microalbuminuria. 1928 Jul 5

To test the hypothesis that deletion of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel exaggerates hypertension-induced renal inflammatory response, wild-type (WT) or TRPV1-null mutant (TRPV1(-/-)) mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment for 4 wk. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) determined by radiotelemetry increased in DOCA-salt-treated WT or TRPV1(-/-) mice, whereas there was no difference in MAP between two strains at the baseline or after DOCA-salt treatment. DOCA-salt treatment increased urinary excretion of albumin and 8-isoprostane in both WT and TRPV1(-/-) mice, and the increases were greater in magnitude in the latter strain. Periodic acid-Schiff and Mason's trichrome staining showed that kidneys of DOCA-salt-treated TRPV1(-/-) mice exhibited more severe glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury compared with DOCA-salt-treated WT mice. NF-kappaB assay showed that DOCA-salt treatment increased renal activated NF-kappaB concentrations in TRPV1(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Immunostaining and ELISA assay revealed that DOCA-salt-treated TRPV1(-/-) mice had enhanced renal infiltration of monocyte/macrophage and lymphocyte, as well as increased renal levels of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1) compared with DOCA-salt-treated WT mice. Renal ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 expression was also greater in DOCA-salt-treated TRPV1(-/-) than WT mice. Dexamethasone (DEXA), an immunosuppressive drug, conveyed a renoprotective effect that was greater in DOCA-salt-treated TRPV1(-/-) compared with WT mice. These data show that renal inflammation is exacerbated in DOCA-salt hypertension when TRPV1 gene is deleted and that the deterioration is ameliorated by DEXA treatment, indicating that TRPV1 may act as a potential regulator of the inflammatory process to lessen renal injury in DOCA-salt hypertension.
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PMID:Aggravated renal inflammatory responses in TRPV1 gene knockout mice subjected to DOCA-salt hypertension. 1979 12

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