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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with beta-adrenergic receptor inhibiting drugs (either propranolol or timolol) from conception until 12 weeks of age to determine if this therapy would alter the development of systemic hypertension or left ventricular hypertrophy. Therapy (propranolol or timolol, 500 mg/liter drinking water) was initiated with breeding parents and continued throughout the pregnancy, nursing, and postweaning periods. Although the heart rates of beta-adrenergic receptor inhibited WKY and SHR rats were consistently reduced with respect to their respective tap-water controls, this therapy did not alter body growth. Hemodynamic studies demonstrated reduced central venous pressure, cardiac index, and maximum acceleration of aortic flow in the beta-adrenergic inhibited rats. In spite of these findings, the arterial pressure of the treated rats and the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy of the SHR were unaltered by treatment. Thus, administration of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, propranolol or timolol, from conception through the developmental stage of SHR hypertension, failed to alter either the progressive rise in arterial pressure or the development of hypertensive vascular disease and left ventricular hypertrophy.
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PMID:Development of SHR hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy during prolonged beta blockade. 1 18

208 hospitalized patients, nearly 80 years old, were investigated because of risk factors and complicating diseases. Hypertension (58.2%), typical myocardial infarctions (37.2%) and diabetes (45.2%) were twice often as in our comparable cases without stroke. Corresponding we found signs of left ventricular hypertrophy in more than 50% post mortem. The dimensions of heart failure by hypertension are visible in ECG indicating LVH with many dysrhythmias. Early mortality (40%) as survival time are dependent on the size of the stroke. Cardiovascular causes of death were found mainly. The differences to younger patients with brain infarction seem to be only of gradually nature and especially to refer to the more intensive damaged heart.
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PMID:[Survived brain infarction in old age - clinical and morphological findings. II. Risk factors (author's transl)]. 3 Mar 24

The heart of the old hemiplegic patient is examined as follows: 1. The preapoplectic situation of the heart which often induces in a conclusive manner the beginning of a stroke, 2. the occurrence of heart troubles with the stroke itself and 3. the influence of rehabilitation measures and the heart function. Preexistent heart troubles are very frequent (in ca. 80%). Thereby the hypertension with a left ventricular hypertrophy and later with heart failure play an important role. The stroke itself especially in subarachnoidal bleedings can cause severe electrocardiographic anomalies. The telemetric controlled heart shows specially while rehabilitation more extrasystoles and alterations of repolarisation but usually do not impair the rehabilitation. With a systematic rehabilitation (training) the heart is most favourably influenced.
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PMID:[The heart of the old hemiplegic patient (author's transl)]. 3 57

1 Echocardiography showed 14 of 24 patients with essential hypertension to have hypertrophy of their left ventricular walls. In eight of these 14 patients the left ventricular configuration initially fulfilled the criteria for asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) and six were symmetrically hypertrophied, the remaining ten being normal. 2 Following 12 weeks' treatment of hypertension with the object of reducing the supine BP to 150/90 mmHg or below, there was a reduction of wall thickness so that only two of the eight continued to show ASH. 3 The six patients with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy also showed a significant reduction in the thickness of the septum and the posterior wall. Those with normal echocardiograms did not change. 4 This reduction of wall thickness produced by antihypertensive therapy may represent regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.
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PMID:Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy during treatment with antihypertensive agents. 3 79

As a practical aid to physicians and patients facing the decision whether or not to embark upon a life-long lipid-lowering regimen in the hope of preventing coronary heart-disease, estimates have been made of the potential benefits to be gained from lowering the plasma-cholesterol over a period of 20 years. The estimates have been derived from analyses of experiences in the Framingham population study. The results suggest that if 100 men who are non-smokers, with normal blood-pressure and electrocardiogram, lower their plasma-cholesterol from 310 to 260 mg. per 100 ml. starting at 35 years of age, 6 could potentially benefit by avoiding a coronary incident, 94 would be likely to follow the regimen without apparent benefit, and 8 of these would have an attack within 20 years despite adherence to the regimen. The potential benefit is less for women and for those who start the regimen at an older age. It is greater if cholesterol is lowered further and if other risk factors are present: for instance, 29 of 100 men starting at age 35 who are ciagrette smokers with moderate hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy and who reduce their plasma-cholesterol concentration from 310 to 210 mg. per 100 ml. would benefit.
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PMID:Potential effect on coronary-heart-disease morbidity of lowering the blood-cholesterol. 4 47

The relationship between the severity of hypertensive disease and sodium excretion and sympathetic activity has been studied in subjects of the same age and sex derived from screening a total population. 19 untreated subjects with casual blood-pressure (B.P.) above 175/115 mm Hg on two separate occasions made up the hypertensive group. A normotensive group (n =19) was obtained by selecting a 5% random sample from all subjects with casual B.P. below 160/95. Sympathetic activity was determined from noradrenaline excretion and the severity of hypertension assessed by recording resting diastolic B.P., signs of left ventricular hypertrophy on orthogonal E.C.G., and the glomerular filtration-rate. In the hypertensive group the resting B.P. correlated well both with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and with the glomerular filtration-rate--i.e., the degree of severity of the hypertension. Up to the level of 90 mm Hg resting diastolic B.P., sodium excretion rose in complete agreement with the theory of pressure diuresis. Above 90 mm Hg, however, sodium and noradrenaline excretion fell with increase of B.P. These two findings indicated that with increasing severity of hypertension the sodium balance overrides the sympathetic activity in the long-term regulation of B.P. This may have both prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Sodium excretion and sympathetic activity in relation to severity of hypertensive disease. 5 37

The volume of both ventricles was estimated in 25 hearts with chronic cor pulmonale. Also, the weight of the left ventricle, including the whole septum and the free part of the right ventricle, was determined to be 100 g. Distinct hypertrophy of the right ventricular part of the septum could be demonstrated in all cases. A weight increase of the left ventricle, including the whole septum, is frequently caused by the hypertrophic ventricular part of the septum. Th relative weight of the right ventricular portion )calculated according to Muller's method) was subtracted from the weight of the left ventricle plus the whole septum. After this weight correction, a hypertropyh of the left ventricle could only be demonstrated in cases with hypertension or renal arterio= and arteriolosclerosis. In one case of left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension could not be ruled out. In most of the cases a distinct dilation of the left ventricle could be found. The highest degrees of dilation were found in patients with brohchiectases of the lungs. Our results indicate that the structural dialation of the left ventricle may be due to an increased shunt-volume by bronchopulmonary anastomoses.
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PMID:[The left ventricle in chronic cor plumonale (author's transl)]. 12 6

The Frank-Starling relationship of hearts from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto 1969), representing the established phase of hypertension, and of young SHR, representing the initial phase of hypertension, was investigated by using the isolated working heart preparation. In the "normal" diastolic pressure range (5 to 10 cm H2O), the left ventricle of both SHR groups displayed significantly reduced stroke volumes compared with hearts of normotensive controls (NCR); the degree of reduction being proportional to the left ventricular hypertrophy. This is suggested to be due to a reduced left ventricular diastolic compliance in SHR, as indicated by direct measurements of ventricular wall thickness and end-diastolic volumes in arrested hearts exposed to different end-diastolic filling pressures. Such a progressive shift of the Frank-Starling relationship to the right with duration of hypertension could, in combination with the gradual development of "structural autoregulation" of the precapillary resistance vessels, constitute dominating factors in shifting the hemodynamic situation in labile hypertension into that characterizing the established, or "fixed", state of hypertension.
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PMID:Consequences of myocardial structural adaptation on left ventricular compliance and the Frank-Starling relationship in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 12 25

The voltage criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy were studied in 229 hypertensive patients undergoing treatment and 62 patients who were not treated. The limb-lead voltage criterion (R Lead aVL greater than or equal 11 mm.) was found more frequently in patients with radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly than other voltage criteria. This may have been due to a more negative axis in patients with cardiomegaly than in patients without cardiomegaly. It is possible that dilatation of the left ventricle to the left and posteriorly accentuates limb-lead criteria at the expense of V-lead criteria. Left anterior hemiblock occured in less than 10 per cent of the hypertensive patients. In 10 out of 16 patients with left anterior hemiblock, the hemiblock disappeared after treatment of the hypertension for 4 years whereas all five hemiblocks in untreated hypertensives persisted. Development of left anterior hemiblock subsequently occurred in only one patient with treatment and one without treatment over a 4-year period.
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PMID:Electrical axis and voltage criteria on left ventricular hypertrophy. 12 15

The clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings were correlated with the heart size in 207 patients with proved coronary artery disease. Cardiomegaly was noted in 34 patients and normal heart size in 173. In these two groups, the patients' age range, duration of disease, and history of myocardial infarction were similar. There was no statistical difference in incidence of shortness of breath, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, or abnormal glucose tolerance. Patients with cardiomegaly had a significantly higher incidence of congestive heart failure (26 per cent) as compared to patients with normal heart size (2.9 per cent) (P less than 0.001). Patients with enlarged heart presented a high incidence of anterior wall or multiple myocardial infarction (73 per cent) (P less than 0.001). The cardiomegaly group had a high incidence of elevated end-diastolic volumes, elevated end-diastolic pressures, and diminished ejection fractions when compared to patients with normal heart size (P less than 0.01). Double and triple coronary artery disease was more frequent in patients with cardiomegaly and total coronary score was also higher in this group (P less than 0.005). Asynergy was present in 55 per cent of patients with normal heart size but in 82 per cent of those with enlarged hearts (P less than 0.01). The group of patients with cardiomegaly and documented congestive heart failure had ejection fractions less than 0.30. Cardiac catheterization is probably not advisable in these patients in the absence of associated significant mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, or ventricular aneurysm.
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PMID:Correlation of heart size with clinical and hemodynamic findings in patients with coronary artery disease. 12 83


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