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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnancy-induced hypertension may be linked with sodium pump inhibition and an increase in vascular myocytic tone and, hence, flow impedance. All of the findings of studies on circulating plasma and blood cells are not, however, consistent with this hypothesis. We therefore assessed sodium pump numbers and cation transport in lymphocytes from 23 women with untreated pregnancy-induced hypertension, 28 normotensive pregnant women and 28 healthy non-pregnant women. We measured the maximum 3H-ouabain binding capacity to determine the sodium pump activity and the apparent dissociation constant (the reciprocal of which estimates binding affinity) by Scatchard analysis, ouabain-sensitive (pump-mediated) 86rubidium influx and ouabain-resistant (pump-independent) influx in lymphocytes in vitro. Pregnant women, whether normotensive or hypertensive, had significantly more sodium pump activity and a higher pump-mediated and pump-independent 86rubidium influx than non-pregnant women. Sodium pump activity and the pump-mediated and pump-independent 86rubidium influx all reached normal, non-pregnant levels in normotensive pregnant women 6 weeks after delivery, but remained high in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women and non-pregnant women all had similar ouabain binding affinity. The results of our study do not support the circulating sodium pump inhibitor hypothesis in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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PMID:Sodium pump numbers and cation transport of lymphocytes in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 217 75

The relationship between haematologic parameters and pregnancy outcome was investigated in a prospective study, taking important covariates into consideration. A questionnaire asking information about smoking, alcohol consumption and iron intake was completed by a consecutive series of 796 ambulatory singleton pregnant women at 31-32 weeks of gestation. Subsequently, haematologic parameters were measured. After delivery, birth weight, gestation length and blood pressure values during pregnancy were abstracted from the obstetricians' records. Low birth weight (less than 2.500 g) and preterm birth (less than 37 weeks), were significantly more frequently seen in women with high haemoglobin (greater than or equal to 8.0 mmol/l) or high haematocrit (greater than 38%) values, with Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios varying from 2.4 to 4.2. Also a high erythrocyte count (greater than or equal to 4.5/pl) was correlated with low birth weight, while for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) no such relationships were found. Pregnancy induced hypertension was positively associated with haemoglobin, haematocrit and erythrocyte count, but could not fully explain the relationships between these parameters and adverse outcomes. Using multiple logistic regression with low birth weight and or preterm birth as the dependent variable, the effect of haematocrit still was demonstrable after controlling for smoking, hypertension, parity, alcohol consumption and iron intake. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that a higher blood viscosity is a risk factor for suboptimal placenta-perfusion.
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PMID:Haematologic parameters and pregnancy outcome. A prospective cohort study in the third trimester. 232 86

In order to elucidate some of the factors which influence the low birth weight rate, 22,815 deliveries were studied. It is already known that low birth weight (LBW) underlies the majority of infant deaths. It is also associated with an increased risk of permanent disability such as cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, and mental retardation of various degrees in survivors. In modern society these problems require major resources from the health budget. The Israeli population is composed of Jews and non-Jews, who differ not only in their religion but also in their customs. Most of the Jews are immigrants from many parts of the world who still retain many of the habits, customs and lifestyles of the societies they had lived in for many generations. We evaluated the LBW rate in these different groups. Jews and non-Jews have similar rates of LBW and similar mean birth weights. Other factors such as maternal age, parity, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy showed some statistically significant differences. LBW rates increase from 6.9% in the babies of women aged 24-40 years to 8.5% in those less than 24 years, and 9.5% in those over 40. The risk of LBW was increased in primiparae to 10%. The highest rates were found in babies of mothers with hypertension. Pregnancy induced hypertension is associated with a LBW rate of 15.6% and chronic hypertension with a rate of 23%. Moderate and severe preeclampsia are important risk factors since they increase the rate to 15% and 47.1%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low birth weight in a heterogenic population. 274 41

A prospective study of 53 nulliparous teenagers was conducted to determine differences in erythrocyte and plasma magnesium concentrations between subjects who had normal full-term deliveries (normal pregnant group) and those who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. Magnesium content of monthly blood samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Socioeconomic data and information on use of supplements, medicines, tobacco, and alcohol were obtained by interview and medical chart review. Erythrocyte magnesium levels in both groups remained stable during pregnancy, whereas plasma magnesium showed a slight decline (P less than .08). Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium did not differ significantly between the normal pregnant (N = 30) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (N = 12) groups. Overall, mean arterial pressure was not significantly related to plasma or erythrocyte magnesium values. Within the pregnancy-induced hypertension group, there was a slight (P less than .05) inverse relationship between mean arterial pressure and plasma magnesium. The two groups were similar for socioeconomic characteristics, gynecologic age, previous use of oral contraceptives, and use of tobacco and magnesium-containing supplements. Pregnancy-induced hypertension subjects reported more alcohol use than did normal pregnant subjects (P less than .02). In conclusion, there was no evidence of magnesium depletion among teens who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, by measurement of erythrocyte or plasma magnesium.
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PMID:Erythrocyte and plasma magnesium during teenage pregnancy: relationship with blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension. 291 22

Forearm venous tone was measured throughout pregnancy in 68 nulliparous women thought to be at high risk of the development of gestational hypertension. Normotensive pregnancy was associated with a progressive venodilatation. Gestational hypertension subsequently developed in 12 women. Before the onset of hypertension, these 12 women showed a greater degree of venodilatation, compared with women who remained normotensive throughout their pregnancies (p less than 0.001). As the hypertension became manifest, the women became relatively venoconstricted (p less than 0.001). Simple, noninvasive measurements of forearm venous tone provide important information about the pathophysiology of gestational hypertension and may be useful in the detection of women who are at increased risk.
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PMID:Changes in peripheral venous tone before the onset of hypertension in women with gestational hypertension. 292 92

Decreases in plasma fibronectin levels following surgery and subsequent to trauma and sepsis have been previously reported. There have been no reports, however, regarding plasma fibronectin levels following cesarean section. Plasma fibronectin levels were followed for 3 days postpartum in 49 patients including cesarean section control patients, patients with cephalopelvic disproportion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and endometritis. Cesarean section and cephalopelvic disproportion were not associated with a change in postpartum fibronectin levels. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and endometritis did show a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in plasma fibronectin levels. These levels are probably not decreased because of the large fibronectin pool in these otherwise healthy women.
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PMID:Postcesarean section plasma fibronectin levels. 334 22

Four pregnant patients are described who had varying signs of pre-eclampsia plus haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and a low platelet count. Two of the patients presented without hypertension and all posed considerable diagnostic difficulties, with problems in clinical management. Pregnancy induced hypertension is only one manifestation of a much more diverse pathophysiological process. Anaesthetists need to be aware of these other pregnancy related disorders in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and to enable them to provide safely the appropriate general and regional anaesthetic techniques.
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PMID:HELLP syndrome and the anaesthetist. 336 41

Pregnancy-induced hypertension was induced in five ewes (gestational day 135; term 150 days) by 72 hours of food deprivation. Maternal arterial pressure, uterine blood flow, platelet function, renal function, and plasma levels of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were measured before and during hypertension and after three intravenous injections of U-63,557A; sodium 5-(3'-pyridinylmethyl) benzofuran-2-carboxylate, monohydrate (30 mg/kg every 8 hours). Blood pressure increased (p less than 0.03), and returned to normal after U-63,557A. Left uterine artery blood flow increased after U-63,557A (p less than 0.03). Creatinine clearance decreased during hypertension (p less than 0.03) and increased after U-63,557A. Urine protein increased during hypertension (p less than 0.03) and decreased after treatment. Platelet count dropped during hypertension (p less than 0.03) and was elevated after treatment. Collagen lag phase decreased during hypertension (p less than 0.03) and increased after treatment. After U-63,557A, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha levels were higher (p less than 0.04) than baseline or hypertensive values. Administration of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor caused resolution of hemodynamic, renal, and coagulation dysfunctions that occurred in ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of U-63,557A, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in an ovine model of pregnancy-induced hypertension. 360 54

Hemorheological investigations were done in 23 pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation, 23 patients with pregnancy induced hypertension and 21 healthy pregnant women, of whom 10 regularly smoked. The rigidity of red cells was disturbed and the hematocrit was elevated by smoking. The same disturbances could be observed in women with intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, the erythrocyte aggregation was significantly elevated in patients with hypotrophic newborns at term. Pregnancy induced hypertension was associated with disturbances in all rheological parameters. Placental perfusion was significantly prolonged in all pathologic pregnancies.
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PMID:[Rheologic studies in intrauterine retardation and pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 368 73

Nine patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and nine healthy pregnant controls with similar gestational lengths were compared with regard to cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal reactivity during a standardized mental stress procedure (Stroop color word conflict test). The test induced increases in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, arterial plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations, and a decrease in calf vascular resistance, but no changes in stroke volume or systemic vascular resistance. The responses of the two groups did not differ significantly with regard to any of the mentioned variables. Pregnancy-induced hypertension does not seem to be associated with an exaggerated cardiovascular or sympathoadrenal reactivity to mental stress when compared to normal pregnancy.
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PMID:Sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular responses to mental stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 374 4


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