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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors give a basic embriological classification of congenital arterial defects. Congenital abnormalities of the arterial system (arising in an embryo of 12 to 30 mm) affect the primary segments, and comprise excessive involution of the antibrachial trunk, of the popliteal artery, of the tibio-peroneal trunk and peroneal artery, abnormal or persistence of the interosseus artery, of the artery of sciatic nerve, and of the peroneal artery, a high axillary origin of the radial or antecubital artery, renal polar arteries arising directly from the aorta, and agenesis of the palmar or plantar arches. In the second generation arteries, they comprise agenesis or hypogenesis of the radial, antecubital or tibial arteries, and gross hypogenesis of the trunk of the renal artery with an immature kidney. Arrested or mal-development in the foetus can give rise to coarctation and stenosis of the thoracic aorta and large vessels, to segmental agenesis with huge collaterals, to imperforate osita, especially in the mesenteric arteries, to sudden variations in diameter of the renal arteries, and to parietal dyplasia and aneurysms in vessels in the residual undifferentiated mesenchymatous tissue, and diffuse dilatation or stenosis. The authors give their experience for a cardiological clinic, adding arterial hypertension and arterioparenchymatous dysplasia of the kidneys, Raynaud's, Takayasbu's and Burger's disease, and intermittent claudication of the lower limbs; they indicate the areas which they are currently studying.
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PMID:[Congenital defects of the aortic system]. 9 8

The Cardiac Clinic reports its experience of 16 cases having unilateral curative renal surgery for hypertension in the adult, and has found a particularly high incidence (8 per cent of all cases). A study has been made of the lesions in the malformed and dysplastic renal arteries on the one hand, and of the correspondingly ischaemic and atrophic renal parenchyma on the other. Attention is drawn to the cases of unilateral renal atrophy (50 per cent of cases), the commonest involving gross lymphoplasia of congenital arterial origin. The other cases are of stenotic dysplasias, and special points to notice are the spread of the dysplasia towards the parenchyma, the presence of multiple aneurysms which militate towards nephrectomy, and the relative frequency of dysplasia of the intima (2 cases out of 8).
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PMID:[Arterial and renal parenchymal histological data in the areas on polar and truncal arteries in arterial hypertension of adult patients]. 10 Nov 83

38 cases of severe hypertension due to a vascular abnormality of the renal pedicle were studied in children under 16 years of age, 18 boys and 20 girls. The most common presentation was at routine clinical examination. The diagnosis of an abnormality of the renal artery was suggested by the appearances of intravenous urography. There were many causes; 4 aneurysms of the renal artery or its branches, 4 fibromuscular dysplasias with one case of bilateral fibromuscular dysplasia, 4 idiopathic stenoses, 2 endarteritis, and 6 thromboses revascularised to variable degrees (2 after umbilical vein catheterisation and one due to DLE). In three cases the hypertension was related to compression of the pedicle by a tumour of haematome, and 14 cases had multiple arterial lesion. In the latter group, 6 cases of neurofibromatosis, 2 cases of William and Beuren's disease, 1 case of generalised Elastorhexia, 2 cases of aortic medio stenosis, probably Takayashu's disease, and 3 unidentified conditions. Surgery was performed on 29 patients, 21 of whom had unilateral lesions and were definitively cured of hypertension. Of the 8 cases with multiple lesions, only 2 were completely corrected with cure of their hypertension.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension caused by anomaly of the renal artery or its branches in children]. 11 10

A 14-year-old girl known to have trisomy 21 and who came to us with weight loss followed by hypertension proved to have diffuse arterial dysplasia involving the intimal layer (primary intimal fibroplasia). This is a rare cause of elevated blood pressure in children and has not been previously reported in a child with Down's syndrome. Unusual features of this case also include the widespread distribution of the lesions limited to the large muscular distributing arteries, the rapidly progressive course, and the predominance of abdominal signs and symptoms.
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PMID:Primary intimal fibroplasia in a child with Down's syndrome. 14 97

The authors report a case of horseshoe kidney responsible for hypertension through a one-sided renal dysplasia. The part of the renal malformation in the development of the hypertension is attested by the activities of renin from renal veins, by the isotopic nephrogram and by the disappearance of the hypertension following the heminephrectomy. The hypertension seems an exceptionnal complication of the horseshoe kidney, which can be surprising given the frequency of this malformation and associated urologic anomalies.
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PMID:[Horseshoe kidney and hypertension (author's transl)]. 21 4

The authors presented a case of the Williams and Beuren's syndrome, special by the existence of aorta coarctation, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome and renal dysplasia. The Williams-Beuren's syndrome is characterised by the association of facial anomalies, mental retardation and supra-valvular aortic stenosis. The case presented in this study demonstrates: -- the symptomatic diversity of the Williams and Beuren's syndrome; -- and the relationship of this syndrome and severe idiopathic hypercalcemia of the infant. The etiopathogenesis is also discussed.
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PMID:[Williams and Beuren's syndrome with hypertension and associated renal abnormalities (author's transl)]. 22 86

A progressively enlarging dissecting aneurysm of the right renal artery secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia presents a difficult surgical problem. We present a technique of extracorporeal approach for correction of such aneurysm in a patient with dissecting aneurysm and hypertension. This technique utilizes a Teflon patch graft to facilitate the arterial anastomosis of the renal autotransplantation.
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PMID:Technique for extracorporeal resection of dissecting renal arterial aneurysm with renal autotransplantation. 33 28

Vascular lesions due to neurofibromatosis have been predominantly reported in the renal arteries as cause of arterial hypertension, but they can occur everywhere. The angiography shows a smoothly bordered stenosis at the origin of the artery with an elongated funnel shaped poststenotic deformity. Collateral vessels are often present. Reconstructive arterial surgery is in a high percentage successful. The main differential diagnosis includes fibromuscular dysplasia. Arterial hypertension in a young person with neurofibromatosis should suggest the presence of pheochromocytoma or renovascular disease.
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PMID:[Multiple vascular stenoses in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. 40 67

Two cases of severe fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries are described in which the diagnosis was made 12 and 11 years after renal angiography had shown the arteries to be normal. The discovery of hypertension preceded the diagnosis by two and 11 years respectively, and in one case hypertension was present at the time of the normal renal angiogram. The report suggests that fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries is acquired and may not be present from birth. The importance of regular review in cases of severe hypertension is emphasised.
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PMID:Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries. 44 99

Fibromuscular dysplasis of the renal arteries was revealed in 35 patients with renovascular hypertension. Histological examination revealed the following forms of this lesion: fibroplasia of the intima, hyperplasia and fibroplasia of the media, subadventitial fibrosis, as well as their combination. It was found that not only the main branch of the renal artery but also the small intrarenal branches are affected. A decrease of the elastic elements in the middle layer and degenerative changes of various degree in the inner elastic membrane were noted in the wall of the involved artery. This was attended with fibrosis of the intima and disorder of the shape and orientation of the smooth-muscle cells. It is presumed that a local defect in the elastic framework of the artery forms the basis of fibromuscular dysplasia, while the fibrous changes in the vascular wall are evidently secondary and may be associated with the increased synthetic activity of the smooth-muscle cells.
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PMID:[Morphology of fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries]. 45 33


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