Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Db cAMP, 75-500 microgram/kg), injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain of the cat increased blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic discharge rate. 2. ATP, but not AMP, induced similar changes; GMP in small doses increased blood pressure. 3. A number of drugs are known to activate adenylate cyclase-induced hypertension, tachycardia and increase splanchnic discharge rate. This was shown for TRH, tetracosactide and a new beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant, NAB 365. 4. Injection into the lateral ventricle of theophylline or Ro 7/2956, both inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, similarly increased blood pressure. 5. Histamine administered by the same route induced similar reactions; it is not known if this action was exerted by activation of H1- or H2-receptors. 6. Somatostatin, known to reduce cAMP levels, induced a small but significant decrease in blood pressure. Melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor (MIF) and TSH were ineffective. 7. These results provide evidence for the possibility of a role for cAMP in the central regulation of blood pressure at suprabulbar levels.
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PMID:Cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate and central circulatory control in cats and dogs. 2 Feb 56

Iodine metabolism and thyroid hormones in blood were studied in 19 men and 11 women who had been treated with thiazides for arterial hypertension from 1 month to 15 years. The results were compared with the findings from age-matched normal controls. No differences were found regarding 24-h 131I-thyroid uptake, thyroid iodide clearance, renal iodide clearance, plasma inorganic iodide, absolute iodine uptake (AIU), serum thyroxine (T4 (D)), resin T3 test (T3U) and TSH after TRH. Twenty-four-hour urinary iodine was higher in the patients treated with diuretics which could be explained by increased iodine intake. The findings of increased serum triiodothyronine (T3 (RIA)) and reverse T3 (rT3) might be due to changes in distribution volume in the thiazide-treated patients. Long-term treatment with thiazides in man do not lead to iodine depletion.
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PMID:Influence of thiazides on thyroid parameters in man. 71 75

The systolic time intervals (LVET, PEP, and ratio LVET/PEP) were determined in 53 patients presenting with signs or symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Patients with clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, with arterial hypertension or old myocardial infarction, and patients receiving cardioactive drugs, were excluded from the study. Thyroid function was evaluated by means of T3-RIA, serum thyroxin and TRH stimulation test.
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PMID:[The systolic time intervals in functional disorders of the thyroid: a simple and fast screening test]. 101 11

The Authors examine serum levels of HPRL in basal conditions and after TRH and sulpiride test in 15 patients with endometrial lesions (hyperplasia) and in 15 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma included in a age range between 44 and 62 years, in which 7 patients present obesity, 10 patients present hypertension and 2 patients are hyperglycemic. The same examination is carried out in a control group of 30 healthy patients. Then the 15 patients with adenocarcinoma and 3 patients with adenomatosa hyperplasia are subjected to surgery and they estimate HPRL levels in endometrium. The results prove that there is no correlation between HPRL plasma levels and endometrium lesions and between endometrium HPRL. The Authors conclude that HPRL does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometrial lesions; use of HPRL plasma levels as a marker of endometrial lesions is not possible.
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PMID:[The role of prolactin in endometrial lesions]. 178 4

This work was performed in order to evaluate the weight of hyperthyroidism on the genesis of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects. The data are from the CASTEL (CArdiovascular STudy in the ELderly), an epidemiologic study performed in a town of northern Italy (Castelfranco Veneto), whose 3088 elderly subjects were called and 2254 enrolled for a 7-year intervention trial. From 2224 elderly persons examined in the present study, 90 had atrial fibrillation (AF) as determined by the presence of Minnesota Code 8-3; the other 2134 were used as control population. In the 90 with AF and in the randomly chosen controls, the thyroid function was studied by means of the TRH-test. Taking into consideration an increase of TSH greater than 0.5 or greater than or greater than 1 muUI/ml over the basal value after TRH administration, 5.5% of subjects with atrial fibrillation had a suppressed response (i.e. hyperthyroidism); taking into consideration a peak value of TSH greater than or equal to 2.3 muUI/ml irrespective to the basal value, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism was higher (17.8%), but not different than in control subjects. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism is frequent in elderly subjects but it does not play a role in the pathophysiology of AF. On the contrary, AF may be explained in the majority of cases by concomitant cardiovascular disease, i.e. left atrial enlargement, arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and heart failure.
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PMID:[Atrial fibrillation in a cohort of the elderly: etiopathogenic role of occult hyperthyroidism and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Results of the CASTEL (CArdiovascular STudy in the ELderly)]. 180 92

Two inbred strains have been developed from a cross between SHR and WKY. WK-HTs are hypertensive but not hyperactive, and WK-HAs are hyperactive but normotensive. Together with SHR (that express both traits) and WKY (expressing neither trait) we used four strains to follow correlations of biological changes with the expression of hyperactivity or hypertension. We show that the well known sympathetic hyperreactivity of SHRs to acute stress is associated with the hyperactivity trait and not the hypertension among the four strains. Similarly, the well known ventricular hypertrophy in SHRs is more prominent among the hyperactive strains than the hypertensives. Examination of regional brain amine levels revealed an imbalance in forebrain serotonin transmission in the hyperactive strains, and no significant correlations with hypertension. On the other hand, neuropeptides in brainstem and spinal cord revealed a decrease, in hypertension, in neuropeptide Y and PNMT content of terminals of C1 fibers that innervate the spinal cord sympathetic outflow. Also, the two hypertensive strains showed increased TRH-and proctolin-like immunoreactivity in fibers that innervate the C1 cells in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. These findings illustrate the unique advantage provided by WK-HA and WK-HT strains as additional controls for SHRs in studying hypertension and hyperactivity.
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PMID:Two new Wistar-Kyoto rat strains in which hypertension and hyperactivity are expressed separately. 183 60

The case of a male child with Russel's syndrome due to a pilocytic astrocytoma located in the diencephalic region is presented. The diagnosis was made in the 16th month of age, but symptoms began in the 4th months of life, when he started losing weight. By the time he was admitted weight was 6150g and he was 74cm tall, with an emaciated aspect, no panniculus adiposus, irritated, and with symptoms of intracranial hypertension. There was convergent strabismus, vertical nystagmus of the left eye and bilateral papilledema. Tendinous reflexes were exacerbated and he had spastic tetraparesis. The endocrine evaluation showed a basal raise of GH (23ng/ml), TSH (6.2mUI/1) and prolactin (26ng/ml). The first two hormones did not respond to the acute test with TRH, while prolactin had a poor response. He was submitted to radiotherapy with linear acceleration (total dose of 4000 rads) and surgery, during which the tumor could not be completely removed due to its large size. After 9 months, the child is doing well, with a considerable weight gain (2500g).
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PMID:[Russel's syndrome: diencephalic tumor in a child]. 211 20

The binding of [3H] [3-MeHis2] thyrotropin releasing hormone [( 3H]MeTRH) to brain membranes prepared from 8 week old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was determined. [3H]MeTRH bound specifically to rat brain membranes at a single high affinity site. The density (Bmax value) of [3H]MeTRH binding sites was significantly greater (28%) in SHR rats compared to WKY rats. The apparent dissociation constants (Kd values) for the binding of [3H]MeTRH in SHR and WKY rats did not differ. Binding in the various brain regions revealed that the density of [3H]MeTRH was highest in the hypothalamus followed in decreasing order by pons + medulla, midbrain, cortex and striatum. The binding of [3H]MeTRH was approximately 25% greater in cortex, hypothalamus and striatum of SHR rats in comparison to WKY rats. The binding in pons + medulla, midbrain and pituitary of SHR and WKY rats did not differ. To assess the significance of increased binding sites for [3H]MeTRH in some brain regions of SHR rats, the binding studies were carried out during normotensive and hypertensive stages of postnatal age in the two strains. In 3 and 4 week old SHR rats there was neither an increase in blood pressure nor any increase in [3H]MeTRH binding in the hypothalamus and striatum as compared to age matched WKY rats. With the development of elevated blood pressure at 6 weeks, an increase in [3H]MeTRH binding in the hypothalamus and striatum of SHR rats in comparison to the tissues from WKY rats was observed. The results provide, for the first time, evidence for a parallel increase in the density of brain TRH receptors with elevation of blood pressure, and suggest that brain TRH receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
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PMID:Proliferation of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptors in specific brain regions during the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 303 13

A 34-year-old woman was admitted for the chief complaints of headache and blurred vision. She had bilateral papilledema and slight increase in CSF pressure (175mmH2O) with normal visual acuity and field. Neurological and hormonal examination were normal except for over response of PRL and TSH to TRH test. The sella was enlarged and MRI and metrizamide CT demonstrated intrasellar CSF filling with remodeling of the pituitary gland. The patient was diagnosed as primary empty sella syndrome associated with benign intracranial hypertension. The complaints did not subside for six months. The patient was treated via the transsphenoidal approach. The dura mater of the floor of the sella was elevated by extradural balloon expansion filled with silicone, and subsequently the empty sella was obliterated. Her headache disappeared and amblyopic attack also improved. Obliteration of the empty sella with an extradural silicone balloon via the transsphenoidal approach seemed to have been effective for headache and visual complaints of primary empty sella syndrome which did not respond to medical therapy.
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PMID:[Primary empty sella syndrome treated by transsphenoidal extradural balloon expansion--a case report]. 362 70

An 8-yr-old girl is presented who had periodic attacks of vomiting, psychotic depression, drowsiness, and hypertension (160/110 mm Hg) for a period of 16 months after head injury. At the initiation of the attack, serum ACTH and vasopressin levels were prominently increased (610 pg/ml and 41 microunits/ml, respectively), followed by hypercortisolemia, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolality in plasma. Serum PRL also was elevated (91 ng/ml). Responses of GH and cortisol to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and those of TSH to TRH were reduced. Urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased, while dopamine (DA) excretion was reciprocally decreased, resulting in a marked elevation of the epinephrine plus norepinephrine to DA ratio during the episodes (0.4-4.5); this was normalized on attack-free days (0.08-0.25). During the attack, the concentration of homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of DA in the brain, also was reduced in cerebrospinal fluids from 70 to 23 ng/ml. The administration of methyl-dopa and reserpine effectively suppressed the recurrence of the episode. Although the exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, a periodic metabolic dysfunction of catecholamine in the central nervous system might be postulated.
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PMID:A syndrome of periodic adrenocorticotropin and vasopressin discharge. 627 29


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