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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is an investigation into the prognostic factors of 117 patients with spontaneous normo- and hypertensive intracerebral haematomas, supported by animal experiments. Preserved tissue elastance and fluid conduction enables the drainage of intrinsic haematoma serum into the CSF spaces in normotensive patients, who showed an increased extension of a perifocal hypodensity in the CT. Arterial hypertension decreased the possibility of fluid resolution. Our experimental studies showed that in hypertensive cases the serum remained trapped in the haematoma, which explains the small hypodense area around the haematoma in most of the hypertensive cases. If as an exception in hypertensives of perifocal hypodensity develops then it acts as additional space-occupying factor. Corresponding observations were made in hypertensive animals which showed a reduced serum movement out of the haematoma, but an increased Evans-Blue content in the perifocal tissue. Both pathological mechanisms explain the poorer prognosis in patients with intracerebral haematomas associated with high arterial blood pressure.
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PMID:Tissue elastance and fluid conduction in normotensive and hypertensive intracerebral mass haematomas. 321 51

The Evans County, Georgia, cohort of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) was reexamined seven years after termination of the trial in 1979. Of the 510 survivors, 91 percent of the black and 91 percent of the white hypertensive subjects were evaluated by blood pressure (BP) levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), height-weight measurements, and questionnaire. The HDFP had treated a randomly selected half of the patients in an intensive stepped care (SC) program and the other half was referred to usual care (RC). At the beginning of the five-year trial, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were higher in blacks in both SC and RC. At the completion of the trial in 1979, black women had mean DBP levels comparable to whites in both SC and RC, but black men displayed higher levels. During the five years of the trial there were no cases of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in SC in either race. In RC the incidence of LVH was slightly higher in blacks than in whites. During the seven-year post-trial period, the incidence of LVH in blacks rose to 13 percent, more than double that of whites. Medication compliance was reduced in black men during this time, most likely because of removal of the supporting elements of HDFP (frequent medical contacts, free medication).In both races, hypertensive subjects underwent weight changes during the seven years of the post-trial period. Weight loss of 15 lb was associated with normotension. Weight gain of 9 to 10 lb over seven years was associated with hypertensive BP levels.The supportive or detrimental effect of weight loss or weight gain on BP levels was thus reconfirmed in this biracial cohort.
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PMID:Status of patients seven years after completion of the hypertension detection and follow-up program in Evans County, Georgia. 324 31

This study investigated the effects of hypertension and water loading on etoposide-induced, reversible blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model. Twenty-nine animals were divided into four groups: group 1--intracarotid (i.c.) injection of saline followed in 1 h by 5 ml i.c. water; group 2--i.c. etoposide followed by i.c. water; group 3--i.c. saline followed by i.v. metaraminol to increase systemic blood pressure; group 4--i.c. etoposide followed by i.v. metaraminol. Systemic blood pressure and intracranial pressure were monitored continuously. Evans blue staining of the brain was used as a monitor of blood-brain barrier disruption. Animals were killed 1 h after either aramine or water infusion, and the brains removed and inspected for the degree of disruption. After dehydration, brain water was calculated for each hemisphere. Two-thirds of the animals infused with etoposide had evidence of barrier disruption, whereas none of the control animals infused with saline were disrupted. Neither control groups 1 or 3 showed significant change in intracranial pressure after water loading or augmentation of systemic blood pressure, respectively. Group 4 animals failed to demonstrate any significant change in intracranial pressure despite marked barrier disruption and acute hypertension (within the limits of normal autoregulation). A small but statistically significant increase in intracranial pressure was noted in group 2 animals with the greatest degree of barrier disruption. A significant increase in brain water was observed ipsilateral to etoposide infusion in only those animals with the most marked barrier disruption. These results indicate that etoposide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption caused significant increases in brain water without significant alteration of cerebral vasomotor tone or increases in intracranial pressure after water loading except in the most severe disruption. The classic untoward consequences of vasogenic edema were not encountered in the present model.
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PMID:Effects of etoposide-induced blood-brain barrier disruption on brain water, intracranial pressure, and cerebral vasomotor tone. 333 33

Potential predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure change between 1960 and 1967 in the biracial population of Evans County, Georgia, were investigated. An all possible regressions multiple linear regression analysis was used. For systolic blood pressure change, the level of systolic blood pressure, age, and change in Quetelet index were significant (p less than 0.05) correlates in white men. The level of systolic blood pressure, the level and change of socioeconomic status, change in Quetelet index, and change in cholesterol were significant correlates for white women. The level of Quetelet index was of borderline significance (p less than 0.055) when the other significant variables were included in the model for white women. The change in Quetelet index was the only significant correlate of systolic blood pressure change in blacks. For diastolic blood pressure change, age, change in hematocrit, and change in Quetelet index were significant correlates for white men. Age, level and change of socioeconomic status, level and change of Quetelet index, and change in hematocrit were the significant correlates in white women. In black men, change in Quetelet index and age were significant. In black women, only age was a significant correlate of diastolic blood pressure change. These results indicate that there may be important differences in these correlates between race-sex groups and thus in the mechanism of blood pressure change for different race-sex groups. groups.
Hypertension 1988 Mar
PMID:Race and sex differences in the correlates of blood pressure change. 335 May 88

The effect of adrenalin on permeability of blood brain barrier in chronic alcohol administered rats was examined by using Evans-blue as a barrier tracer. Chronic alcohol per se did not have remarkable effect on blood-brain barrier permeability. Adrenalin administration to the chronic alcohol group caused minimal disruption in blood brain barrier. The results shown that chronic alcohol protects the blood brain barrier permeability against hypertension due to adrenalin.
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PMID:Hypertension-induced protein leakage in the brain in chronic ethanol administered rats. 338 Aug 53

The effects of isolation stress on mean blood pressure (BP) and on body weight, water and food intake as well as on urine flow, urinary sodium and potassium excretion were studied in CFY and Long Evans rats. During a 7 day isolation period, food and water intake as well as urine flow, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, as expressed for 100 g body weight, were not changed in either group. Body weight increased similarly in isolated (38 +/- 2 g) and aggregated (41 +/- 5 g) CFY rats. Compared to group housed rats, BP in male CFY animals was not increased after a 7 day isolation (111 +/- 3 vs 111 +/- 3 mmHg, NS). In additional experiments high sodium intake by physiological saline drinking slightly elevated blood pressure but failed to induce arterial hypertension in isolated rats (118 +/- 2 vs 121 +/- 3 mmHg, NS). We conclude that, contrary to some reports from other laboratories, isolation stress has no detectable effect on BP and/or water and electrolyte balance.
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PMID:No effect of isolation on blood pressure and daily electrolyte excretion in rats. 342 Nov 32

Clinical research has suggested that isolated systolic hypertension differs from essential hypertension in terms of pathophysiological change. Yet little is known of the descriptive epidemiology of isolated systolic hypertension. This paper examines the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in biracial Alameda County, California. Baseline survey data from the Alameda County Hypertension Project (1978) were used to calculate age and sex percentage of prevalence by race. This condition was rare below age 40, but the percentage of prevalence increased with age. Defining isolated systolic hypertension as diastolic blood pressure less than 90 and systolic blood pressure greater than 160, age-adjusted prevalence was 1.15, 1.31, 1.01, and 2.47 for white men, black men, white women, and black women, respectively. Comparison with the prevalence estimates of isolated systolic hypertension from biracial, rural Evans County, Georgia, indicated that the Alameda County prevalence was significantly lower for white women (p less than .01), black women (p less than .03), and total population (p less than .01). We posit that the larger number of people under care for essential hypertension is responsible for the lower occurrence of pure, isolated systolic hypertension in Alameda County. The results suggest the importance of female family members in the acceptance and promulgation of health promotion efforts for both essential and isolated systolic hypertension at the population level.
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PMID:Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in Alameda County, California. 350 82

An experiment was designed to investigate the effects of arteriovenous (AV) fistula occlusion on cerebral autoregulation. A right carotid-jugular fistula was created in 63 rats in such a way as to produce an intracranial AV fistula with a loop extension into the neck. The fistula was occluded after an 8-week interval with the rats under both normotension and metaraminol-induced hypertension, and evidence of blood-brain barrier disruption was investigated with an Evans blue dye technique. The results indicate that an intracranial AV fistula may cause cerebral steal which is responsible for a reduction in the threshold for hypertensive breakthrough following fistula occlusion.
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PMID:Cerebral arteriovenous malformations, steal, and the hypertensive breakthrough threshold. An experimental study in rats. 355 22

Although hypertension has been shown to increase myointimal thickening after arterial injury, a similar effect of nicotine has not been demonstrated. To compare the influence of nicotine with the known effect of hypertension, a standard balloon catheter injury was created in the aortas of four groups of experimental animals. A preliminary group (P) (n = 11) consisted of adult Wistar Kyoto rats used to determine the degree of denudation and the time course of arterial healing; group I (n = 10) consisted of adult Wistar Kyoto rats; group II (n = 13) consisted of spontaneously hypertensive rats; and group III (n = 16) consisted of Wistar Kyoto rats fed nicotine. Endothelial denudation was achieved after an identical injury with an aortic balloon catheter; completeness of denudation was confirmed in group P with Evans blue stain. Injured vessels were fixed by perfusion at 2- and 9-week intervals. Intima to media (I/M) ratios were measured at 82 points per animal by use of light microscopy. Computer-assisted statistical analysis was performed with the t test and Wilcoxon nonpaired rank sum test. Serum nicotine levels were maintained in group III at 73.3 +/- 36.7 ng/ml, which is comparable to levels in human smokers. There were no significant differences in I/M ratios between any of the groups at 2 weeks. At 9 weeks both groups II and III had significantly higher I/M ratios than did control subjects (p = 0.039). The nicotine-treated group had greater myointimal thickening than did the hypertensive animals (p = 0.02). Since there was no hypertension or tachycardia in nicotine-treated rats, we postulate that our data reflects the desquamating effect of nicotine.
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PMID:Comparative effects of hypertension and nicotine on injury-induced myointimal thickening. 361 23

In a study involving 33 patients with initial manifestations of inadequate cerebral blood supply and in 22 patients with transient disorders of the cerebral circulation in the presence of atherosclerosis (n = 45) and atherosclerosis with arterial hypertension (n = 8) the authors studied the effect of intravenous administration of cavinton in combination with sulfocamphocain on the clinical manifestations and on the systemic (using the method of Evans' dilution) and cerebral (using Doppler ultrasonography) hemodynamics. It has been demonstrated that both a single intravenous administration of cavinton in conjunction with sulfocamphocain and a course of treatment with these drugs reduce the volume of the circulating blood, lower the stroke and cardiac indices, increase the linear velocity of blood flow along the carotid and vertebral arteries, and decrease neurological symptomatology. The authors discuss the questions related to indications for the administration of cavinton in combination with sulfocamphocain to patients with inadequate cerebral blood supply and transient disorders of the cerebral circulation.
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PMID:[Effect of cavinton and sulfocamphocain on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with early forms of cerebrovascular diseases]. 367 9


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