Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A reversible deterioration of the oral glucose tolerance has been reported in subjects with initially impaired glucose tolerance when starting to take oral diuretics. This does not seem to be the case in subjects with an initially unimpaired glucose tolerance. A deterioration in the diabetic state is commonly seen when diuretics are given to subjects with clinical diabetes. Our knowledge about the effect of beta-blockers on the glucose tolerance is limited. As for diuretics there seems to be an overrepresentation of diabetics among subjects taking beta-blockers. This overrepresentation can probably be explained by an association between diabetes and disturbances in which diuretics and beta-blockers are commonly used such as arterial hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Impairment of glucose metabolism during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. 3 6

Clinical and coronary arteriographic findings were evaluated in patients with angina pectoris who were considered not to have diabetes mellitus or to have chemical or clinical diabetes. Each of the three groups consisted of 100 consecutive referred patients. Neither the age of the patients nor duration of symptoms differed significantly among the groups. Hypertension, gout, and peripheral vascular disease were more frequent in the patients with clinical diabetes. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration among the groups, but plasma triglyceride levels and the frequency of type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the chemical and clinical diabetic groups than in the nondiabetic patients. Coronary arteriographic observations indicated that the severity of the coronary arterial disease was greater in both diabetic groups than in nondiabetic patients. The difference in the coronary scores among the three groups of patients interacts to some extent with the triglyceride level, since a high score in the diabetic groups was noted only in the presence of an elevated tryglyceride concentration. The results indicate that the increased severity of coronary arterial disease in diabetic patients is not attributable to age, duration of symptoms, hypertension, type -4 hyperlipoproteinemia, or apparent severity of the glucose intolerance.
 ...
PMID:Reappraisal of the role of the diabetic state in coronary artery disease. 18 Dec 12

The frequency of latent disorders of glucose regulation during pheochromocytoma, is evaluated at 75% of cases. Detailed analysis of 83 cases with a diabetic state, gave the following results: insulin dependent diabetes, 37 cases. Non-insulin dependent, 14 cases. Latent diabetes, 32 cases. The characteristics of the insulin-dependent diabetes were not always suggestive. Insulin dependency was, however, unusual above a certain age. We noted loss of weight in spite of good control of the diabetes, the absence of acidosis and ketosis contrasting with rapid loss of weight. In fact, it is above all the hypertension which should lead to diagnosis. Surgical operation, cures or improves considerably the diabetic state, thus proving the symptomatic nature of this diabetes.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in pheochromocytoma]. 18 6

Seven hundred and fifty asymptomatic European subjects aged 16 to 69 years from an urban general practice were screened for various coronary risk factors. Required information was completed for 98.9 percent of the total sample. The incidence of individual risk factors in males and females respectively were: smoking, 52.8 percent and 45.6 percent; obesity, 26.9 percent and 30.9 percent; definite hypertension, 5.6 percent and 4.0 percent; borderline hypertension, 5.3 percent and 5.1 percent; hyperlipidaemia, 12.8 percent and 8.0 percent; impaired glucose tolerance, 1.1 percent and 1.3 percent. Respective figures for males and females with regard to numbers of risk factors present were: one or more risks present, 68.5 percent and 66.9 percent; two or more, 26.5 percent and 23.5 percent; three or more, 8.0 percent and 4.5 percent; four risk factors present, 1.6 percent and 0.3 percent.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of various coronary risk factors in an urban general practice. 27

The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical occlusive arterial disease and of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis was assessed in 21 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 on maintenance haemodialysis and 51 renal allograft recipients. Clinical occlusive arterial disease was present in 27 patients, and sub-clinical arterial disease in 34. Myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and lower limb arterial thrombosis had occurred only in the transplant recipients; these patients had, however, been followed for a longer period of time than the other two groups. In the allograft recipients, the cumulative incidence of any occlusive arterial disease was 416 per 1000, and that of coronary heart disease was 267 per 1000 at six years. Hypertension was present in 76 per cent of patients prior to renal replacement therapy. Following institution of definitive therapy, hypertension was of shorter duration and less common in haemodialysis patients than in renal transplant recipients. Uraemic and haemodialysis patients with occlusive arterial disease had required antihypertensive medication for significantly longer than those free of arterial disease. Transplant recipients with hypertension had a greater mean serum creatinine, were receiving a larger maintenance dosage of corticosteroids and less frequently had undergone prior bilateral nephrectomy than those transplant patients without hypertension. Serum lipid levels were elevated in 62 per cent of patients. In the uraemic and haemodialysis patients hypertriglyceridaemia was the predominant abnormality while in the transplant recipients combined hypertriglyceridaemia/hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent. Despite regular aluminium hydroxide therapy 81 per cent of uraemic and haemodialysis patients had a calcium X phosphate product higher than normal. Arterial and/or soft tissue calcification as demonstrable in 20-38 per cent of patients within each group, but could not be related to the calcium X phosphate product of radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance was present in 71 per cent of the uraemic and haemodialysis patients and 33 per cent of the transplant recipients. Hyperuricaemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and a sedentary existence were also prevalent. The majority of patients had several risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Occlusive arterial disease is a major problem in patients with end stage renal disease, being no less common after transplantation than with long-term maintenance dialysis. The aetiology is multifactorial.
 ...
PMID:Occlusive arterial disease in uraemic and haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A study of the incidence of arterial disease and of the prevalence of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. 32 93

A prospective study was conducted from March 1972 to November 1976 in a group of Kaunas male population ranging in age from 45 to 59 years. At the beginning of the study it consisted of 3,553 individuals. They were divided into groups of low, moderate, and high risk according to the presence of a risk factor (hypertension, hypercholesteremia, impaired glucose tolerance test) and a pathologic condition. The ratio of the total mortality rate per 1,000 of the population during the observation period in these groups was 1 : 2 : 3, while that of the mortality of ischemic heart disease was 1 : 3 : 5. The rate of out-patient coronary mortality and the occurrence of new cases with myocardial infraction according to their number registered in the groups of low, moderate, and high risk was 1 : 2 : 5. All the indices in the group of individuals who refused to take part in the study were close to those in the high risk group. The data obtained point to the possibility of defecting by means of preventive study individuals exposed to a greater or lesser risk of the development of ischemic heart disease and death, which makes it possible for the Public Health Service to concentrate attention of definite groups of the population so as to apply differentiated preventive measures.
 ...
PMID:[Division of the 45- to 59-year-old male population into groups depending on the risk factors in a prophylactic study of ischemic heart disease]. 59 8

In 500 obese patients (146 men, mean age 37 +/- 13 years, Broca index 147 +/- 24; 354 women, mean age 36 +/- 14 years, Broca index 151 +/- 28) cardiovascular risk factors (RF) were investigated. The most frequent RF was hypertension (71 per cent), followed by glucose intolerance (49 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (31 per cent), hypercholesterolemia (22 per cent) and hyperuricemia (22 per cent). Only 12 per cent of the patients were without RF. These patients were younger and less obese than the patients with RF. The prevalence of RF increased with increasing age and overweight. Analysis revealed significant correlations between overweight and blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin and age. Significant correlations between age and hypertension, blood glucose cholesterol, triglycerides and overweight were detected. The correlation between overweight and the sum of all RF was higher (r = 0.35) than the one between age and the sum of all (r = 0.23). Obese patients had a high prevalence of RF. Increasing overweight and (to a lesser extent) age are both associated with increased prevalence of RF. On the basis of the prevalence of RF, patients with gross obesity (Broca index greater than around 150) were considered to be at a high risk in respect of coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors in gross obesity. 61 33

Thirty-one growth-hormone-deficient dwarfs were re-examined after a period of 10 to 12 years. These subjects had initially shown glucose intolerance, insulinopenia and hyperlipidemia comparable to those of diabetic patients matched for age and sex, but vascular complications were not present in dwarfs. After 10 years glucose tolerance became progessively more abnormal in dwarfs than could be accounted for by expected deterioration with age, and hyperglycemia after mixed meals remained greater than in control subjects. Serum lipid and serum lipoprotein concentrations were abnormal in over one third of the dwarfs. Despite the metabolic similarity to the diabetic patients, clinical complications of diabetes were absent in dwarfs: retinopathy did not occur, and the prevalence of hypertension and arteriosclerosis was considerably lower in dwarfs than in the diabetic subjects in both study periods. The follow-up data support the hypothesis that growth hormone has at least a supportive role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in the diabetic state.
 ...
PMID:A follow-up study of vascular disease in growth-hormone-deficient dwarfs with diabetes. 65 62

In an attempt to assess cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgery, 1001 patients over 40 years of age who underwent major operative procedures were examined preoperatively, observed through surgery, studied with at least one postoperative electrocardiogram, and followed until hospital discharge or death. Documented postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in only 18 patients; though most of these patients had some pre-existing heart disease, there were few preoperative factors which were statistically correlated with postoperative infarction. Postoperative pulmonary edema was strongly correlated with preoperative heart failure, but 21 of the 36 patients who developed pulmonary edema did not have any prior history of heart failure. Nearly all of these 21 patients were elderly, had abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms, and had intraabdominal or intrathoracic surgery. In the absence of an acute infarction, bifascicular conduction defects, with or without PR interval prolongation, never progressed to complete heart block. Spinal anesthesia protected against postoperative heart failure but not against other cardiac complication. By multivariate regression analysis, postoperative cardiac death was significantly correlated with (a) myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months; (b) third heart sound or jugular venous distention immediately preoperatively; (c) more than five premature ventricular contractions per minute documented at any time preoperatively; (d) rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions on preoperative electrocardiogram; (e) age over 70 years; (f) significant valvular aortic stenosis; (g) emergency operation; (h) a 33% or greater fall in systolic blood pressure for more than 10 minutes intraoperatively. Notably unimportant factors included smoking, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease, angina, and distant myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac risk factors and complications in non-cardiac surgery. 66 58

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Remissions of diabetes mellitus after weight reduction by jejunoileal bypass. 72 40


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>