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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On alternate years from 1970 to 1981 blood pressure has been measured in school children living in Muscatine, Iowa. A total of 4313 children beginning at 5 to 14 years of age have been examined on three to six occasions. To compare blood pressures throughout the period of observation, each value was expressed as a percentile rank. For each subject the average percentile rank (level), the trend in rank, and the variability over time were calculated. Values for height, weight, relative weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were expressed in the same fashion. The relationship between average rank of blood pressure and average rank of body size as well as between trend of blood pressure and trend of body size percentiles were significant (p less than .05). These observations indicate the importance of relative rate of growth in the establishment of the rank order of blood pressure. Using the variables of level, trend, and variability, we identified groups of children who appear to be consistently tracking toward future hypertension: 233 (5.4%) children, whose systolic levels were in the upper quintile with either a flat or rising trend and low variability, and 280 (6.0%) children with systolic levels in the lower four quintiles with high trend and low variability. In addition there were 321 (7.4%) children whose mean systolic levels were in the upper quintile with high variability and who thus resemble adults with labile hypertension. There were similar numbers of children with diastolic pressures showing these features.
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PMID:Level, trend, and variability of blood pressure during childhood: the Muscatine study. 669 97

The efficiency of autogenic training (AT) was assessed by analyzing the follow-up data on the status of 110 hypertensive patients (54 in the study, and 56 patients in the control group) over six months. AT helped to improve their psychological status and achieve a higher antihypertensive effect and better hemodynamic parameters (echocardiography) with lower doses of hypotensive drugs. The effect of AT was most prominent in patients with labile hypertension. The employment of AT in hypertension characterized by recurrent crises brought about either a reduction in their frequency or their total elimination in the majority of patients.
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PMID:[Results of using autogenic training in hypertensive patients]. 672 18

Although blood pressure standards in aircrew members have been revised periodically over the past 70 years, hypertension still remains one of the most controversial problems in aviation medicine. Improved clinical knowledge and operational experience vindicate a more liberal attitude for acceptable blood pressure levels. Applicants for flying training presenting labile hypertension may be accepted. Also, experienced, older aircrew with benign hypertension controlled by drugs without adverse reactions and without target organ disease may remain on flying status. In order to avoid compromising flight safety, long-term monitoring of flight crew for the diagnosis of hypertension together with the evaluation of anti-hypertensive drugs in aircrew is urgently required.
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PMID:Hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in applicants for flying training and aircrew. 683 May 61

Genetic hypertension in rats appears to be associated with diminished pain sensitivity. Acute stimulation of the baroreceptors has also been reported to decrease responsiveness to a noxious stimulus. In this study the effect of sino-aortic denervation on pain sensitivity, as measured by means of a hot plate and threshold electric footshock method has been investigated. Deafferentation resulted in a labile hypertension and tachycardia. However, hot plate response latency times were not significantly different in the sino-aortic denervated rats as compared to sham operated controls under subchronic conditions. When tested for pain sensitivity three weeks after surgery using both methods on one occasion only, again the responsiveness to noxious stimuli was not different between the two groups. At the end of the experiments, the efficacy of denervation was confirmed by assessing lability of blood pressure and measuring heart rate responses to pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure. It is concluded that surgical interruption of the baroreceptor nerves in rats does not alter pain sensitivity under subchronic conditions.
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PMID:Pain sensitivity is not affected by sino-aortic denervation in rats. 688 44

In 52 patients with labile hypertension and also in experimental hypertension in 52 rats dynamics of kallikrein-kinin system in the blood during obsidan and hemiton treatment has been studied to find relationship between the hypotensive action of these drugs and the blood kinins activity. It was found that there exist counter-directional shifts in the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood as a result of treatment depending on their initial level. Adequate therapy contributed to the maintenance of optimum kinin concentration for preservation of homeostasis. With hypertensive syndrome supervening in rats increase of kinin predecessor synthesis has been recorded. Chronic administration of obsidan (0.5 mg/kg) and hemiton (0.1 mg/kg for 20 days increased kininogenesis).
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental study of the effect of obsidan and hemiton on the blood kallikrein-kinin system]. 692 26

A total of 16 normal subjects and 30 patients with IB (labile hypertension) and IIB (stable hypertension) stages of essential hypertension during excessive salt intake as well as 13 normal persons and 43 patients at the labile and stable stages of essential hypertension on usual salt diet were examined. Renin activity, plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were studied using radioimmunoassay in the basal conditions and 1 and 5 hours later after intravenous administration of 5% saline solution (3,6-3,8 mu mole of sodium (1 kg body mass). It was demonstrated that the prolonged excessive intake of sodium hydrochloride resulted in the alteration of the functional state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system even in the normal persons. The above alterations are characterized by the loss of the adequate response of the renin-angiotensin system and the adrenal cortex to the increased sodium concentration, and extracellular fluid volume in the body, as well as by the separation of the functions of these two humoral systems.
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PMID:[Effect of salt on the functional state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy persons and hypertensives]. 702 16

The incidence of pheochromocytoma among the hypertensive population is less than 1%. One third of the patients have intermittent hypertension, one third have remittent hypertension, and one third have persistent hypertension. The most common symptoms accompanying paroxysms include palpitation, headache, sweating, and pallor. Several familial syndromes have been described and should be searched for in every case of pheochromocytoma. Indications for screening for this tumor include severe and progressive hypertension, labile hypertension, or paroxysmal, symptomatic hypertension. In the majority of cases, diagnosis can be established by urinary assays for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine. Plasma catecholamine determinations and computerized axial tomography have added other dimensions to the preoperative diagnosis and localization of this tumor. Surgery is obviously the treatment of choice. Preoperative alpha-blockade ameliorates clinical manifestations, allows volume expansion, and allows safe induction of anethesia.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma: clinical diagnosis and management. 703 87

With the purpose of searching for new clinical features in labile hypertension (LH), systolic time intervals were recorded non-invasively in a group of LH patients. Obtained data were compared with a matched group of normal individuals and also with a group of young patients with chronic essential hypertension. An increase in heart rate and a reduction in carotid pulse upstroke time (Ut) in labile hypertensives differentiated this group from chronic hypertensives and normal subjects. A tendency towards a reduction in heart rate, together with an increase in Ut and ejection time during a two years follow-up study, was accompanied by stable recordings of high blood pressure values in most of the patients belonging to the LH groups. Considering LH as the initial, reversible stage of a pathologic process, changes in heart rate, Ut and ejection time, together with high blood pressure values reflect an evolution to chronicity.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic values of systolic time intervals in labile hypertension. 706 64

Labile hypertension is a phrase used originally to describe patients whose blood pressures were sometimes below and sometimes above 140/90 mm Hg. Lability of blood pressure, though not explicit, was implied by the phrase. There have never been good data to support this concept. The concept probably never would have developed had not the notion of a cut-off point (140/90 mm Hg separating hypertensives from normotensives) been so arduously propagated. These patients have no more lability of blood pressure than normotensive subjects or patients with fixed hypertension. They are now appropriately referred to as borderline hypertensives because their blood pressures fall between the clearly normotensive range and the clearly hypertensive range. Scattered within this group of borderline hypertensives are more patients with hemodynamic or humoral abnormalities, the significance of which is still not understood. Management of borderline hypertensive patients, with our without hemodynamic and humoral abnormalities, is conservative. Therapy must be individualized and is influenced by the average of multiple blood pressure readings, family history of hypertension, presence of concurrent cardiovascular risk factors, and presence of end-organ damage.
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PMID:Labile hypertension: a faulty concept. 716 Jan 56

An attempt was made, through a hospital-based health screening service, to ensure proper longterm care of clients with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. Of 8755 subjects screened on one occasion, 1274 (14.6%) had a blood pressure reading above defined limits; of these, 1058 were not receiving antihypertensive drugs. Apparently hypertensive subjects were rescreened within one week or were referred to their local doctors. At their second visits, over half of the 716 rescreened subjects had reading consistently below the defined limits. Those with intermittent blood pressure elevation (89 patients) were designated as having labile hypertension, and were reviewed regularly. The remainder, with persisting hypertension, were sent to their local doctors or to the hospital's hypertension clinic. After six months, the group ith labile hypertension showed no change in mean left cardiac ventricular voltage, and more than 50% the group had normal blood pressure; 14 patients were receiving antihypertensive drugs. Subjects referred to the hypertension clinic had a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a low prevalence of clinically evident organ damage. Only half of this group were deemed to require drug therapy. In a postal survey of clients referred to private doctors, 35% of respondents reported that they had started taking anti-hypertensive drugs. Thorough rescreening of blood pressure is essential in preventing the unnecessary use of antihypertensive drugs, and this can be facilitated by providing management streams appropriate to the needs of the individual subject.
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PMID:Management of hypertension newly detected by health screening. 725 16


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