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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 56 patients with borderline hypertension, casual blood pressure was compared with average daytime ambulatory blood pressure. The difference between these two values ranged from -20 to +40 mm Hg and was unrelated to spontaneous blood pressure variability, the blood pressure fall during sleep, and the peaks of pressure recorded during the day. Heart rate and a family history of hypertension were not predictive of the degree of difference between casual and average daytime recorder pressure. Target organ damage was present in 44% of the patients and was more closely correlated with recorder than with casual pressure.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus casual blood pressure in borderline hypertension. 242 94

Borderline hypertension occurs in approximately 15% of adults. While these individuals are at increased risk for developing sustained hypertension, roughly three-fourths do not progress to that level. In order to facilitate the clinical assessment, we have reviewed the known pathophysiology of the borderline hypertensive state. The recommended clinical evaluation including history, physical and laboratory examinations is directed at identifying those borderline hypertensives at highest risk for future hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Therapeutic interventions are directed at the high risk subgroup.
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PMID:Clinical assessment of the patient with borderline hypertension. 242 95

The data on erythrocyte membrane permeability for Na and K ions, obtained in the studies of Na+-K+ cotransport in erythrocytes of 38 patients with essential hypertension, stage I and II, 9 patients with borderline hypertension and 12 patients with symptomatic (renal) hypertension are reviewed. The data demonstrate that Na+-K+ cotransport in Na+ loaded and K+-depleted erythrocytes under the effect of P-chlormercuribenzoate was considerably reduced in patients with essential hypertension and borderline hypertension than in the control group. No deviations from the normal Na+-K+ cotransport were observed in renal hypertension. Disturbances of erythrocyte membrane permeability have been also revealed in practically healthy subjects (15 cases) with family history of hypertension.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the Na+-K+-cotransport system in the erythrocyte membrane of patients with hypertension and symptomatic (renal) hypertension]. 243 Jun 41

Patients with borderline hypertension frequently have a hyperkinetic circulation that is neurogenic and can be normalized with autonomic blockade of the heart. The abnormality is of central nervous system origin and due to increased sympathetic stimulation and decreased vagal inhibition of the heart. A subset of patients characterized by high plasma renin and norepinephrine values clearly has a neurogenic hypertension since their blood pressure becomes normal after cardiac blockade and vascular alpha-adrenergic blockade. Since many patients with borderline hypertension have a high cardiac output, and the majority of patients with more advanced hypertension have increased vascular resistance, two questions arise. Is the "hyperkinetic state" a special condition unrelated to established hypertension or is there, in the course of hypertension, a transition from "high output" to "high resistance" state? The literature strongly suggests that patients with hyperkinetic borderline hypertension later proceed to develop the established high resistance form of hypertension. The most likely mechanism for this transition is a change in cardiac and vascular responsiveness due to prolonged excess sympathetic stimulation combined with structural pressure-induced changes in these organs. This analysis of the events in the course of hypertension is of necessity based on an arbitrary definition of the hyperkinetic state usually set at a cardiac index at least two standard deviations above the normal mean. A bivariate analysis of our data (268 normotensive and 186 patients with borderline hypertension) suggests that there indeed are two different populations in this data set. Based on this commingling analysis, the occurrence of a hyperkinetic state was five-fold as frequent in patients with borderline hypertension than in the normotensive population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sympathetic hyperactivity in early stages of hypertension: the Ann Arbor data set. 246 97

This article reviews the data from literature regarding cell sodium and potassium content in young subjects at risk of developing essential hypertension (subjects with family history of hypertension or with borderline hypertension). The studies performed with red blood cells have produced conflicting results: approximately one-half of these studies have found an increase in intracellular Na+ in subjects with family history of hypertension (genetic normotensives) whereas the other studies found no difference. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. Studies with leukocytes gave more univocal results and the majority of these studies found an increase in intracellular Na+ in many genetic normotensives. These observations emphasize that it is possible to find a high intracellular Na+ in subjects with normal blood pressure. Longitudinal studies are need to clarify whether subjects with high Na+ are those who will develop hypertension. The data from our studies suggest that subjects with high Na+, even if they are normotensive, exhibit an exaggerated pressor response to mental and physical activities and that a reduction in dietary salt content produces a parallel decrease in intracellular sodium and in pressor reactivity. The data on borderline hypertension are even more scarce than those on genetic normotensives and the different classification criteria produce results which are frequently not comparable. Our studies showed that in borderline subjects not only intracellular Na+ can be increased, but also intracellular K+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cellular ionic composition at the prehypertensive phase of essential hypertension. 246 11

Membrane ion transports were investigated in lymphocytes from young normotensive and borderline hypertensive offspring with and without heredity for hypertension. Borderline hypertension per se was associated with an enhancement of sodium-potassium pump activity. Heredity per se was associated with increased sodium influx and ouabain-resistant sodium efflux.
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PMID:Alterations in sodium-potassium regulation in mononuclear leucocytes from young borderline hypertensive and offspring of hypertensive patients. 247 34

Reduced aortic distensibility and compliance may participate in the genesis of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension. In patients with borderline hypertension, indices of aortic distensibility are often altered, but are poorly related to the degree of septal hypertrophy, which is considered to be a marker of cardiac hypertrophy in this particular population. In patients with sustained essential hypertension, the degree of cardiac hypertrophy seems to correlate strongly with the increase in aortic rigidity. Dihydralazinelike substances are unable to modify arterial stiffness, whereas calcium-entry blockers and converting-enzyme inhibitors improve arterial stiffness when achieving the same degree of blood pressure reduction. Modifications in aortic rigidity must be considered in order to understand reversion of cardiac hypertrophy as a result of antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:Cardiac hypertrophy and aortic distensibility in essential hypertension. 248 34

In a previous haemodynamic examination, 44 young men (18-22 years) with blood pressure elevation above the 98th percentile, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) greater than or equal to 95 +/- 6 mm Hg, showed an increased cardiac index (dye-dilution) and an enhanced resistance at maximal vasodilation of the hand (venous occlusion plethysmography during hyperaemia). This latter finding suggested arteriolar wall hypertrophy. However, the subgroup with the highest cardiac index (greater than or equal to 3.86 1 min-1 x m2) (n = 18) displayed normal vascular resistance at maximal dilation in comparison with the normotensive control group (n = 29). Consequently, functional signs of arteriolar hypertrophy were restricted to individuals with normal or low cardiac index. At the re-investigation 5 years later, a significant reduction in blood pressure was observed in the normotensive control group (MAP: from 88 +/- 7 to 85 +/- 7 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). There was no change in individuals with initially elevated blood pressure. Furthermore, cardiac index fell significantly with time in this latter group. Thus, the blood pressure elevation in the hypertensive group, previously mainly dependent on high blood flow was, 5 years later, more related to an increased total peripheral resistance, (delta total peripheral resistance = 8%). However, no definite evidence indicating development of hypertrophy of the resistance vessels of the hand was observed during the follow-up period. Since the hyperkinetic subgroup did not display a concomitant fall in blood pressure with cardiac output, our results do not support the theory that the hyperkinetic form of borderline hypertension is a temporary phenomenon, explained by the inclusion of anxious individuals afraid of the experimental situation. Hyperkinetic hypertension may be the initial phase of sustained hypertension in a subgroup of the future hypertensive population.
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PMID:Does hyperkinetic circulation constitute a pre-hypertensive stage? A 5-year follow-up of haemodynamics in young men with mild blood pressure elevation. 248 25

Of 2,115 persons who were submitted to a voluntary check-up, we found 10.6% suffering from hypertension and 16.2% with borderline hypertension, the latter group having been followed and the condition subsequently confirmed in 45.9% of the case. The prevalence increases with age. There were no prevailing differences found between rural and city populations. The prevalence is greater in self-employed persons that in salary workers and we would bring to the fore the higher prevalence in housewives (p less than 0.0005). 74.8% of the hypertensive patients knew of their situation but only 15.6% of them showed normal blood pressure at the following-up. Rarely 0.85% had severe hypertension and 3% had moderate hypertension.
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PMID:[The characteristics of arterial hypertension in the population of a preventive medicine service]. 249 Oct 44

The results of a cross-sectional study for the evaluation of the prevalence of hypertension in the Baix Ebre region (Tarragona) are reported. 628 individuals from a randomly selected sample of 670 gave their consent to participate. The study was based on interview and examination at the patients home after getting an appointment by post. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.84 +/- 3.64%, and that of borderline hypertension 16.56 +/- 2.97%. Only 57% of hypertensives were previously known as such, and only 18.5% of these were being correctly treated. There was a significant association of hypertension with age (basically systolic blood pressure for women); also with alcohol intake, obesity and family history of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. There was no significant correlation with sex, residence in rural or urban areas, emigration, marital status, occupational status, social and professional level, education, or with the coexistence of hypertension in the spouse. The high prevalence of hypertension was a remarkable finding, consistent with its recognized importance as a first rate health problem.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension in the Baix Ebre region (Tarragona)]. 251 11


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