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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a survey of young subjects not receiving treatment for hypertension in Tecumseh, Michigan, clinic and self-monitored blood pressures taken at home (14 readings in 7 days) were obtained in 737 subjects (387 men, 350 women, average age 31.5 years). Hypertension in the clinic was diagnosed if the clinic blood pressure exceeded 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic. In the absence of firm criteria for what constitutes hypertension at home, subjects whose average home blood pressure was in the upper decile of the whole population were considered to have hypertension at home. By these criteria, 7.1% of the whole population had "white coat" hypertension (i.e., high clinic but not elevated home readings). The prevalence of "sustained" hypertension (i.e., high readings in the clinic and at home) was 5.1%. Subjects with white coat and sustained borderline hypertension in Tecumseh were very similar. Both groups showed, at previous examinations (at ages 5, 8, 21, and 23 years), significantly higher blood pressure readings than the normotensive subjects. As young adults (average age 33.3 years), the parents of both hypertensive groups had significantly higher blood pressure readings than the parents of normotensive subjects. Both hypertensive groups had faster heart rates, higher systemic vascular resistance, and higher minimal forearm vascular resistance. Both hypertensive groups were more overweight, had higher plasma triglycerides, insulin, and insulin/glucose ratios than normotensive subjects. The white coat hypertensive group also had lower values of high density lipoprotein than the normotensive group. White coat hypertension is a frequent condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1990 Dec
PMID:"White coat" versus "sustained" borderline hypertension in Tecumseh, Michigan. 224 30

Psychosomatic factors, sympathoneural and sympathoadrenal as well as cardiovascular mechanisms, were studied in 24 patients 18-24 years of age with borderline hypertension, 50 age-matched normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, and 49 controls with no family history of hypertension. They were compared by projective and questionnaire-based psychological tests and their circulatory and neurohormonal reactivity to mental (Stroop color-word conflict test and arithmetic test) and physical stressors (orthostasis and bicycle ergometry test) were measured. Borderline hypertensive subjects externalized aggression less (p less than 0.05) but internalized it more (p less than 0.05) and were more submissive (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. Offspring of hypertensive parents showed a similar but weaker pattern. Both risk groups reported more positive interactions with their parents (genetic risk subjects versus controls, p less than 0.05; borderline hypertensive patients versus controls, p = 0.08) and had higher state-anxiety levels (p less than 0.05). There were more subjective symptoms of beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated functions (e.g., tachycardia, tremor) in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents, elevated heart rates (analysis of repeated measures, p less than 0.001), and enhanced plasma norepinephrine concentrations (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. These findings in subjects at risk for the development of hypertension suggest that psychosomatic factors and sympathetic overactivity are involved in the early phase of hypertension.
Hypertension 1990 Dec
PMID:Psychosomatic factors in borderline hypertensive subjects and offspring of hypertensive parents. 224 31

Serotonin appears to play an important part in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Various studies have shown, that the metabolism of serotonin may be disturbed in some pathological conditions for example in hypertension. It concerns also the changed mechanisms of uptake and release of serotonin. The certain blood vessels may become more hypersensitive to the vasoconstrictor effects of serotonin in patients with hypertension than in normal subjects. During chronic treatment with ketanserin, S2-serotonergic antagonist, blood pressure is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in humans. This fact can also indicate indirectly, that that serotonin plays a part in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of free serotonin (S) in the blood of 15 patients with sustained essential hypertension in the mean age 32.8 +/- 1.8, of 23 patients with borderline essential hypertension in the mean age 29.0 +/- 3.0 and of 10 normal subjects in the mean age 31.1 +/- 1.7 years. Plasma free serotonin was determined by fluorometric method. All patients and controls were investigated at the hospital. They were on normosodium diet, without drugs for last two weeks. The fasting blood samples were collected in the supine position. Free serotonin blood concentration was significantly higher in hypertensive group than in normal subjects. The important difference of serotonin blood concentration between two groups of hypertensive patients was noticed. It was significantly higher in group of patients with sustained hypertension, than in group with borderline hypertension (p less than 0.05). Our results are similar to the observations of other authors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Free serotonin level in the blood of patients with borderline and essential hypertension]. 225 64

Mental arithmetic and mirror tracing were compared in 40 untreated patients with borderline hypertension, tested in random sequence in standardized protocols. Both tasks significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, plasma renin, and decreased peripheral resistance. Mental arithmetic also increased cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL; plasma catecholamines were not changed significantly. Lipid changes were correlated with blood pressure changes. These methods will be useful in exploring the relationships between hemodynamic reactivity to stress, and the presence and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as testing the effects of antihypertensive drugs on stress-induced changes that may influence atherosclerotic complications of hypertension.
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PMID:Hemodynamic and endocrine effects of mental stress in untreated borderline hypertension. 226 Nov 52

In the face known antihypertensive action of small dopamine (DA) concentrations, serum free and conjugated dopamine levels were determined during orthostatic impulse. It was also estimated, whether correlation between blood pressure changes and serum dopamine concentration existed under those conditions. 9 patients with borderline hypertension, 8 with fixed hypertension and 5 healthy volunteers (control group) underwent the 10 minute passive tilt up test. It caused significant decrease of free DA concentration in healthy men as well as in those with borderline hypertension and conjugated DA level in both groups of patients with primary hypertension. Blood pressure increased only in patients with borderline hypertension. Most expressed changes in dopamine concentration were also observed in those patients and they only had increased serum DBH activity. Blood pressure changes inversely correlated with changes of serum free and/or conjugated DA levels in the control group and in patients with primary hypertension. Authors stated basing on this study results, that serum DA level lowering caused by the orthostatic impulse can be one of phenomenons enable adaptation for a vertical position.
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PMID:[Is there a correlation between serum dopamine level and blood pressure during upright posture?]. 227 80

We compared the response to dynamic exercise in 157 females (mean age 19 +/- 3 years) with borderline hypertension (BH) to findings in 105 normotensive controls. Near-maximal physical working capacity was 90 +/- 17 W in females with BH and 71 +/- 23 W for the controls (p less than 0.001). Mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure levels both at rest and at exercise were significantly higher in BH patients (p less than 0.001 for all). Mean change between rest and exercise for all the above parameters was not significantly different among BH patients compared with controls. Nonspecific ST-T changes at rest (p less than 0.001) and exercise (p less than 0.005) were more common and mean corrected QT interval was significantly longer (p less than 0.001) in BH patients. The parallel exercise response that we found in BH and normotensives would not appear to substantiate the view that ergometry is particularly useful as a modality for diagnosing hypertension in young females.
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PMID:Exercise response in young women with borderline hypertension. 229 53

Renal transplantations were performed, using microsurgical techniques, with adult male two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats (n = 9) and sham-operated normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (n = 8) as kidney donors and with F1 hybrids, bred from Wistar-Kyoto and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat parents, as recipients. Systolic blood pressure before surgery was 200 +/- 2.7 mm Hg in hypertensive and 115 +/- 1.7 mm Hg in normotensive donors and 144 +/- 7.1 and 138 +/- 3.5 mm Hg in the two groups of recipients. Renal hypertension in donors was maintained for 14 weeks before surgery was performed and the nonischemic kidneys were transplanted. Bilaterally nephrectomized recipients of renal grafts from hypertensive donors developed sustained hypertension (185 +/- 3.9 mm Hg). In contrast, in recipients of renal grafts from normotensive donors, blood pressure decreased significantly to the level of the donors (111 +/- 3.7 mm Hg). Posttransplantation hypertension in recipients of renal grafts from hypertensive donors was associated with intrarenal vascular hypertrophy, smaller kidneys, a decreased glomerular filtration rate, an increased plasma urea concentration, and polydipsia as compared with normotensive transplanted controls. Renal pyelograms revealed no gross anatomic alterations of transplanted kidneys. Our data indicate that secondary damage to the renal grafts caused by high perfusion pressure before transplantation can induce hypertension in recipients of these kidneys. Furthermore, our data suggest that renal mechanisms may be necessary to maintain borderline hypertension in F1 hybrids.
Hypertension 1990 Apr
PMID:Hypertension in rats induced by renal grafts from renovascular hypertensive donors. 231 24

Mononuclear leucocytes were used as a cellular model for the in vitro measurements of volume, sodium and potassium content, sodium efflux rate constants and absolute sodium efflux in order to assess any cellular changes in young men at increased risk of developing essential hypertension, and to analyze whether any such changes were associated with borderline hypertension and/or heredity. Four groups of subjects were evaluated: 28 normotensive (NTO) and 20 borderline hypertensive (BHO) offspring of hypertensives, 12 borderline hypertensives with normotensive parents (BH) and 28 normotensive subjects with normotensive parents (NT). The cellular sodium/potassium contents of the four groups were not discernibly different. Ouabain insensitive sodium efflux rate constant and corresponding absolute efflux were significantly increased in offspring of hypertensives. Ouabain sensitive absolute sodium efflux was significantly increased in borderline hypertensives (BHO + BH) compared to normotensives (NT + NTO). These results indicate that leucocytes from subjects predisposed to hypertension possess an increased ouabain insensitive sodium transport mechanism and in subjects with borderline hypertension the sodium-potassium pump seems activated.
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PMID:Sodium content and sodium efflux of mononuclear leucocytes from young subjects at increased risk of developing essential hypertension. 232 32

In a group of 18 patients after orthotopic transplantation of the heart (OTH) operated, 4-56 months previously and treated by combined immunosuppression (Cyclosporin A, corticoids, azathioprine), systemic hypertension was revealed in six and borderline hypertension in three patients. The mechanism of the development of hypertension, after OTH has not been elucidated. As to the circadian rhythm of the blood pressure, as compared with normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension, in patients after OTH usually the drop of systemic pressure values does not occur during the night; on the contrary the blood pressure rises during the night. This finding may be due to denervation of the heart after OTH and an abnormal response of baroreceptors to the rise of blood pressure; in this the effect of corticoids may also participate. After a one-year interval the abnormal reaction of the systolic pressure remains preserved, while the 24-hour profile of the diastolic pressure has trend towards normalization.
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PMID:[Incidence of systemic hypertension after orthotopic heart transplantation]. 233 11

The Tecumseh project investigates the evolution of hypertension in a healthy population. Of 946 subjects aged 18 through 38 years, 124 had clinic blood pressure readings higher than 140/90 mm Hg (the mean for borderline hypertensive subjects was 130/94 mm Hg). Compared with normotensive subjects, borderline hypertensive subjects had higher home blood pressures (mean, 12/7 mm Hg higher). Their childhood and postpubertal blood pressures were elevated (6/4 mm Hg higher than normal at age 6 years and 12/7 mm Hg higher than normal at age 21 years), and hypertensive target organ changes were detected. Borderline hypertensive subjects also had elevated minimal forearm resistance (0.22 U higher than normal), decreased stroke index (1.8 mL/m2 lower than normal), and impaired ventricular diastolic relaxation (mitral Doppler peak early diastolic blood flow [E] to peak late diastolic blood flow [A] ratio 0.13 lower than normal). Borderline hypertensive subjects had significant abnormalities in other coronary risk factors (cholesterol levels were 0.39 mmol/L higher, triglyceride levels were 0.45 mmol/L higher, high-density lipoprotein levels were 0.08 mmol/L lower, insulin levels were 38 pmol/L higher, and 16.5% more of them were overweight). Borderline hypertension is neither transient nor innocuous. Its association with other predictors of atherosclerosis calls for clinical attention.
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PMID:The association of borderline hypertension with target organ changes and higher coronary risk. Tecumseh Blood Pressure study. 236 31


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