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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of hypertension on the anatomy, physiology, and course of glomerulonephritis in rats was investigated by inducing deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension in animals with heterologous immune complex glomerulonephritis and vice versa. The effect of hypertension on glomerulonephritis with different degrees of intensity was also studied. Hypertension increased the proteinuria in the glomerulonephritic rat substantially (p less than 0.01), reduced the creatinine clearance (p less than 0.05), and induced an enormous thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Furthermore, the life span was shortened (p less than 0.01) when hypertension was induced in nephritic rats, possibly due to insufficient cerebral vascular activity secondary to malnutrition. Glomerulonephritis did not influence the blood pressure in animals with severe protein loss; in rats with minor proteinuria the presence of glomerulonephritis increased the blood pressure. Hypertension lowered the antiserum dose needed to produce pathologic proteinuria (p less than 0.02). Hypertension seemed to increase the amount of glomerular immune deposits in early glomerulonephritis but lowered the amounts of glomerular rat IgG during the course of nephritis. In conclusion, hypertension increases the glomerular damage substantially in rats with heterologous immune complex glomerulonephritis, influences the glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins, and shortens the life span.
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PMID:Effect of hypertension on experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. 669 57

Many patients with end-stage renal disease have now been maintained for 5 years or more with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Viewed initially as an experimental alternative to be used only when hemodialysis was not feasible, CAPD is now seen as the treatment of choice in an increasing number of situations. CAPD is suitable for self-care. The main concern in the early years--peritonitis--is now less frightening and less frequent (one episode occurring every 18 patient-months as compared with every 8 initially), and this has allowed chronic complications of CAPD, such as malnutrition and loss of the peritoneum's capacity for ultrafiltration, to come to light. As would be expected, among patients of advanced age and those who have heart disease or diabetes, survival rates tend to be lower than among other CAPD patients. However, hypertension seems to be more easily controlled, pre-existing anemia can be significantly ameliorated, and young children grow more normally than they do with hemodialysis. Diabetes-related changes in vision stabilize in most CAPD patients, and control of the blood glucose level is good; insulin is administered intraperitoneally. CAPD is thus showing itself to be a feasible form of long-term treatment for end-stage renal disease.
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PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: no longer experimental. 669 77

Records of 849 consecutive diabetic Ethiopians revealed that 171 had type I diabetes, 462 type II nonobese, 210 type II obese, and 4 drug-induced. Undernutrition (BMI less than 18 kg/m2) was present in 12.9% of patients. Forty percent of all patients require insulin; ketoacidosis has occurred in 7.8%. Diabetes was present 10 yr or less in 73%, only 11% have been diabetic more than 15 yr, and none more than 32 yr. During 7 yr, 66 (7.8%) are known to have died. Renal failure caused 30.3% of known deaths, and ketoacidosis 3%. About 4% of those diabetic 6-10 yr have a clinically significant complication. The incidence of "diabetic triopathy" rose rapidly after 10 yr. Of those diabetic 16-20 yr, 27.7% had nephropathy, 27.7% neuropathy, and 33.3% retinopathy. Hypertension was seen in 12.1% of patients without nephropathy. Cataracts were seen in 1.4% of new diabetic patients, rising to 40.7% in those diabetic more than 20 yr. Peripheral vascular disease was uncommon and myocardial infarctions occurred in eight patients. Thus, "diabetic triopathy," hypertension, and cataracts are frequent in and after the second decade of diabetes in Ethiopians.
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PMID:The clinical pattern of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopians. 670 67

Fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides was studied by means of gas chromatography in kidney of rats with spontaneous hypertension, kept on rations containing various amounts of essential fatty acids. Deficiency of essential fatty acids caused an increase in content of oleic acid (18:1 omega 9) and of its metabolite--eucosetrienic acid (20:3 omega 9). Feeding of the animals with large amounts of linoleic (18:2 omega 6) and linoleic (18:3 omega 3) acids led to an increase of their content in kidney lipids as well as to elevation of prostaglandin precursors level. With an increase in deficiency of linoleic acid activity of delta 5-desaturation of its derivatives was decreased. Decrease in the rate of arterial pressure was observed in those spontaneously hypertensive rats, in kidney of which the content of linoleic, linoleic acids and eucosepentanic acid of the linoleic species (20:5 omega 3) was increased after the alimentary treatments.
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PMID:[Effect of a diet with various amounts of essential fatty acid on the fatty acid spectrum of lipids in the kidneys in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. 674 Sep 95

The nutritional status of and disease patterns in 449 healthy and 803 hospitalized urbanized Blacks in Durban were surveyed. While unemployed males were generally less fat than controls, obesity (i.e. weight 40% over that expected) was extremely common among female factory (33%) and female hospital 'domestic' (65%) employees. Undernutrition was significantly more common amont patients and more marked in males, 82% having significantly reduced fat stores. Disease patterns were similar in malnourished male and female patients, with infective and respiratory diseases predominating. However, the pattern was different in overweight male and female patients, non-ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, predominating. The most common cause of death in males was respiratory disease, and in females cardiovascular disease. Overall, malnutrition was most common in the subgroup (N = 212) of patients who died. The results confirm the known associations between undernutrition and increased susceptibility to infection and mortality, and also between overnutrition and hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The observation that malnutrition and obesity can coexist within rapidly urbanized communities stresses the need for concurrent education on nutrition. The high incidence of 'hospital malnutrition' observed emphasizes the need for nutritional support in acutely ill patients.
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PMID:The fat and the thin--a survey of nutritional status and disease patterns among urbanized Black South Africans. 684 76

1. Prostaglandins together with the kallikrein-kinin system comprise a major vasodepressor system. 2. Prostaglandins can antagonize the actions of pressor hormones and the adrenergic nervous system. They aslo contribute to the blood pressure-lowering effects of kinins by enhancing the vasodilator and diuretic-natriuretic actions of the peptide. 3. Deficiency of the vasodepressor system may lead to hypertension without any increase in the basal activity of the blood pressure-elevating system. 4. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous systems evoked by stressful stimuli enhances prostaglandin synthesis, which protects organ function from excessive effects of angiotensins and catecholamines. 5. Several findings preclude unqualified acceptance of prostacyclin as the only important vascular prostaglandin: first, in some blood vessels prostacyclin is not the principal product of enzymic transformation of the cyclic endoperoxides. Secondly, prostaglandin E2, which is also synthesized in the vascular wall, may be the principal modulator prostaglandin. Lastly, prostacyclin may be transformed by some tissues to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1, a more stable product having similar biological potency. 6. Synthesis of prostaglandins by the kidney is important to mechanisms which control renin release and renal vascular resistance.
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PMID:Interactions of prostaglandins with the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems. 700 17

Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) is synthesized in vivo from absorbed dietary chromium, and acts as a physiological enhancer of insulin activity, binding to insulin and potentiating its action about three-fold. Since GTF is well absorbed orally, the development of sufficiently concentrated and stable supplementary sources of this agent may enable convenient and physiologically appropriate pharmacological modulation of insulin activity. A review of the numerous physiological actions of insulin suggests a number of therapeutic applications for GTF, in such diverse ailments as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, reactive hypoglycemia, obesity, cancer, protein malnutrition or malabsorption, endogenous depression, Parkinsonism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. GTF supplementation may also have value in preventive medicine.
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PMID:The therapeutic potential of glucose tolerance factor. 700 27

A clinicopathologic study was made of 45 elderly persons whose autopsied brains showed the pathologic changes of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type). Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (PSVE) was observed in 3.8 per cent of all autopsied brains of elderly persons and in 6.7 per cent of the brains of those with cerebrovascular diseases. White matter lesions were graded from I to III (slight to severe). Small infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons were common, but the cerebral cortex was usually preserved. Neuropsychiatric symptoms included dementia, urinary incontinence, hemiplegia, pseudobulbar palsy, psychosis, parkinsonism, and mutism. In thge Grade III group there was a high incidence of pseudobulbar palsy, parkinsonism, and mutism. Pathologic study showed marked cerebral arteriosclerosis in almost all cases. Angionecrosis was observed in 60 to 80 per cent. Fibrotic and stenotic changes of the blood vessels in the deep white matter were also noted, particularly in 90 per cent of the Grade III cases. A suggested explanation for the pathogenesis of PSVE is based on the effects of various complications such as hypertension, cardiac disease and malnutrition which may play an important role in PSVE when they occur in elderly persons with a history of long-standing hypertension, marked cerebral arteriosclerosis, and arteriolar changes in the cerebral white matter.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic study of progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger type) in the elderly. 709 54

Excessive intake of dietary sodium is one form of affluent or industrial society malnutrition. When combined with a genetic-based sodium sensitivity, this high sodium intake becomes a factor in the etiology of hypertension. Most dietary sodium comes from food, natural of processed. Indirect measures of discretionary sodium intake, that from the salt shaker in the kitchen or at the table, put it at a level of 25% to 50% in the United States. Direct measures on a small sample of subjects indicate that less than 10% of sodium intake is discretionary. Anyone who needs to reduce sodium intake must, therefore, make major changes in diet. This requires information on the sodium content of common foods, the availability of low sodium analogs of popular foods, and a variety of low sodium condiments to provide more choice for the individual.
Hypertension
PMID:Food choices for lowering sodium intake. 710 42

In preterm infants, closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is often delayed, especially in those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, it has been suggested that functional closure of the DA may occur as early as 24 hours of age in some preterm infants exposed to intrauterine stress, and this is usually associated with decreased incidence of RDS. This suggests that accelerated maturation of the DA as well as of the lungs occurs in utero. Accordingly, histologic evidence of accelerated maturation of the DA was sought in a prospective autopsy study of 55 preterm infants ranging in gestational age from 19 to 32 weeks. There were four infants with clinically closed DA which showed histologic evidence of closure. The birth weight of these four infants ranged from 750--1,100 gm, the gestational age ranged from 24--32 weeks, and age of death was 39 hours to 6 days. The immediate causes of death were intracerebral hemorrhage or intrapulmonary hemorrhage, or both. Obstetric complications included chronic second trimester vaginal bleeding, abruptio placenta, malnutrition, diabetes, pulmonic stenosis of moderate degree, and chronic hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that in some preterm infants exposed to chronic intrauterine stress, maturation of the DA is accelerated. This may result clinically in effective postnatal closure of the DA.
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PMID:Morphologic evidence of accelerated closure of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. 736 32


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