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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a common condition in childhood. Many children with AGN can be managed in the primary care setting. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of urinary findings, especially the presence of red blood cell casts. One of the most important initial investigations is determining the complement C3 level; hypocomplementemia is most characteristic of post streptococcal AGN, while normocomplementemia is most often seen with IgA nephropathy. Children whose AGN is accompanied by significant hypertension or renal insufficiency should be assessed by a specialist immediately. The presence of serious extrarenal signs or symptoms also merits urgent referral. Otherwise, serial followup in the primary care office is appropriate.
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PMID:An approach to the child with acute glomerulonephritis. 2216 86

Although acute glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, it has not been reported in connection with Plasmodium vivax. We report a case of complicated P. vivax malaria presenting as acute glomerulonephritis. A three-year-old boy presented with high grade fever, a seven-day history of the progressive swelling of his body and a one-day history of vomiting. An examination revealed hypertension (>95th percentile), pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations showed a platelet count 80,000/mm(3) with haematuria [20-30 red blood cells/high power field with more than 80% dysmorphic red blood cells]. A peripheral smear showed the presence of trophozoites of P. vivax. The patient was diagnosed as having P. vivax causing acute glomerulonephritis and was treated successfully with antimalarials and enalapril. With the changing epidemiological pattern of malaria, especially in endemic areas, unusual complications such as acute glomerulonephritis may sometimes present in cases of P. vivax malaria.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax presenting as acute glomerulonephritis in a 3-year-old child. 2229 Jan 13

Renal damage in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been reported in association with shock, haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and sepsis. This report describes acute glomerulonephritis with DHF without the above-mentioned complications. A 3-year-old boy presented with fever, vomiting and oliguria. He had hypertension, deranged renal function and low serum complement (C3), and urine microscopy showed red blood cells and granular casts. The IgM and IgG ELISA (rapid test) for dengue virus were positive. He was managed with maintenance fluids, intravenous furosemide and supportive care. He made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 7 days after admission.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis in dengue haemorrhagic fever in the absence of shock, sepsis, haemolysis or rhabdomyolysis. 2282 65

The number of children with renal complications following salmonella infection cannot be precisely defined in the sub-Saharan Africa due to scarcity of reliable data. We report a 3-year-old boy with glomerulonephritis secondary to typhoid infection and later intestinal perforation. He presented with fever, generalized body swelling, oliguria, coke- colored urine and hypertension and had been managed 3 weeks earlier for typhoid fever in a private hospital. Laboratory investigations showed proteinuria, hematuria with red cell casturia and azotemia. Abdominal X-ray done was suggestive of typhoid intestinal perforation that was confirmed at exploratory laparotomy. He was managed aggressively with antibiotics and was discharged on the 25 th day of admission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case report of acute glomerulonephritis and intestinal perforation as co-complications of salmonella infection in Nigeria.
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PMID:Typhoid glomerulonephritis and intestinal perforation in a Nigerian child. 2524 81

Antidense fine speckles 70 (anti-DFS70) antibodies, a peculiar antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern by indirect immunofluorescence, is frequently observed in ANA-positive individuals with no evidence of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. They may be found in many different inflammatory conditions and in healthy individuals. We herein report a case of an 8-year-old girl presenting with generalized edema, hypertension, hepatomegaly, and a history of pharyngitis, which occurred 3 weeks earlier. Laboratory analysis revealed low complement C3 (6 mg/dL), microhematuria, and proteinuria. A diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis was made. Anti-dsDNA, antiextractable nuclear antigens, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative. However, a highly positive (1:640) ANA immunofluorescence test with dense fine speckles pattern was found. The presence of anti-DFS70 immunoglobulin G antibodies was confirmed by a specific immunoassay. In conclusion, the presence of isolated anti-DFS70 antibodies may be useful to exclude an autoimmune pathogenesis in those children with a positive ANA test and a clinical picture possibly attributable to systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. This will avoid further unnecessary investigation with the potential for incorrect diagnosis and possibly harmful treatment.
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PMID:Anti-DFS70 antibodies: a useful biomarker in a pediatric case with suspected autoimmune disease. 2538 87

A three-year retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and other clinical and biochemical features as well as outcome of treatment of patients admitted with acute glomerulonephritis at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara and GN Children's Clinic, Warri. The case notes of all the children who presented with renal diseases from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrieved and those with acute glomerulonephritis were analyzed. A total of 20 patients (13 male and seven female) with acute glomerulonephritis were seen during the three-year period under review. Twelve patients (60%) were from the low socioeconomic class, six (30%) from the middle class and only two (10%) were from the high-income group. The presentation of the illness was most common between October and January. The age range of the patients was three to 13 years, with an average age of eight years. Seventeen (85%) of the patients were in the school-going age group (>5 years to 10 years). The most common symptom/sign noted was anemia in 90% of the patients, followed by oliguria/anuria and edema seen in 80% of the patients. Seventy percent of the patients had cola-colored urine, while 55% had hypertension. Some patients gave a history suggestive of previous streptococcal infection. More patients had sore throat (25%) than skin infection (10%). All the patients had proteinuria, while 90% had hematuria. The most common complication was acute kidney injury, seen in eight (40%) of the patients, followed by hypertensive encephalopathy, which occurred in three (15%) patients. Most patients (60%) were hospitalized for one to two weeks. The outcome of the management of these patients showed 14 (70%) of the patients recovered fully while three (15%) had persistent hematuria and two (10%) had persistent proteinuria. Ninety-five percent of the patients recovered from the acute illness and one patient (5%), a boy aged nine years old, died.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis in children of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. 2635 92

We herein report the case of an 18-year-old boy who developed nephrotic syndrome and hypertension after upper airway inflammation. Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis was diagnosed on the basis of a high antistreptolysin O titer, hypocomplementemia, proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria. A renal biopsy was performed due to persistent proteinuria, and the pathological diagnosis was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I. Glomeruli showed positive staining for nephritis-associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr), a nephritogenic group A streptococcal antigen, and plasmin activity was found in a similar distribution as NAPlr deposition. This rare case of streptococcal infection-related nephritis (SIRN) manifesting MPGN type I supports the histological diversity of SIRN.
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PMID:Streptococcal Infection-related Nephritis (SIRN) Manifesting Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I. 2698 84

Postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis (PIGN) may occur after various bacterial and viral infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a cause of chronic glomerulonephritis. We report here 10 cases (ages 7-20 years-old) of chronic HBV carriers with acute glomerulonephritis, with positive glomerular staining of hepatitis B surface antigen, and detectable presence of HBV DNA in the glomeruli. This form of PIGN, HBV-PIGN, has not been previously identified. To further characterize clinical and pathological features of HBV- PIGN, we selected 10 cases of age-matched non-HBV PIGN for comparison. While both HBV associated PIGN and non-HBV PIGN similarly presented as proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension, there was a trend of higher acute kidney injury and worsened prognosis in HBV-PIGN. 6 months after the onset, 4 patients with HBV associated PIGN did not show improvement from the disease, whereas all patients with non-HBV PIGN had complete or partial recovery. Pathologically, both HBV associated PIGN and non-HBV PIGN showed typical diffuse glomerular endocapillary proliferation, but HBV associated PIGN differed from classical PIGN with much fewer sub-epithelial glomerular "hump-shape" immune complex depositions. In conclusion, we have identified a novel association of HBV infection with acute glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:HBV-Associated Postinfectious Acute Glomerulonephritis: A Report of 10 Cases. 2751 89

The most common acute glomerulonephritis in children is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) usually occurring between 3 and 12 years old. Hypertension and gross hematuria are common presenting symptoms. Most PSGN patients do not experience complications, but rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and hypertensive encephalopathy have been reported. This paper reports 17 patients seen in 1 year for PSGN including 4 with atypical PSGN, at a pediatric tertiary care center. Seventeen children (11 males), mean age of 8 years, were analyzed. Ninety-four percent had elevated serum BUN levels and decreased GFR. Four of the hospitalized patients had complex presentations that included AKI along with positive ANA or ANCAs. Three patients required renal replacement therapy and two were thrombocytopenic. PSGN usually does not occur as a severe nephritis. Over the 12-month study period, 17 cases associated with low serum albumin in 53%, acute kidney injury in 94%, and thrombocytopenia in 18% were treated. The presentation of PSGN may be severe and in a small subset have associations similar to SLE nephritis findings including AKI, positive ANA, and hematological anomalies.
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PMID:Acute Kidney Injury and Atypical Features during Pediatric Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis. 2764 22

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (GN) secondary to scabies were mainly documented as early as in 1980s, and in all these published cases no histopathological evidence of renal biopsy were reported regarding scabies and renal damage. The delay in scabies treatment can result in a greater risk of secondary bacterial infections that can become invasive and/or lead to severe post-infective complications such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In diagnostic procedures, the clinical presentation of scabies is often atypical especially in elderly people patients. However, early diagnosis is necessary to prevent disease progression. Here, we present a case of acute glomerulonephritis caused by scabies in a 79-year-old male patient who presented with papular rash, asthma, haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension and variable azotaemia. The aim is to provide more details of the clinical features and the histopathologic characteristics, and to increase the vigilance among physicians in patients with acute GN.
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PMID:Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis associated with scabies in the elderly: A case report. 2885 33


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