Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine (CA) response to standing and mental stresses were studied in 14 normotensive subjects with normotensive parents (PNT group), 14 normotensive subjects with hypertensive parent(s) (PHT group), and eight borderline hypertensive patients (BHT group). Mean basal plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration in BHT group (302 +/- 94 pg/ml) and PHT group (289 +/- 167 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in PNT group (205 +/- 76 pg/ml). Significant differences in the mean basal plasma epinephrine (E) were found only between the PNT and BHT groups (22 +/- 12 vs 43 +/- 18 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Both plasma NE and E increased significantly on standing in all groups. With mental stress, plasma E increased significantly, though plasma NE did not change significantly in all three groups. The mean changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma CA in response to standing and mental stresses were not different in the three groups. However, a higher incidence (50%) of high blood pressure responders (greater than or equal to 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure) to mental stress was found in the PHT group compared with PNT (14%) and BHT (12%). The high responders in the PHT group had significantly higher mean plasma E concentrations throughout the experiment. Also, their increases in plasma NE and E in response to mental stress were higher than those of the low responders. The results indicate that genetic predisposition to hypertension plays a significant role in determining plasma catecholamine levels and the responsiveness to stress, especially to mental stress.
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PMID:The adreno-sympathetic system, the genetic predisposition to hypertension, and stress. 400 25

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries in 17 patients with pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension documented by cardiac catheterization. The study population consisted of 7 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, 7 with Eisenmenger's syndrome and 3 with pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung disease. The MRI studies of patients were compared with those of 10 normal volunteers. Multislice gated transaxial images encompassed the right ventricle and central pulmonary arteries, showing the severity of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy in proportion to the elevation of PA pressure and reversal of septal curvature when PA pressure approximated systemic pressure. End-diastolic RV wall thickness and mean pulmonary pressure correlated well (r = 0.79). MRI showed enlargement of PAs in all patients with PA hypertension. A magnetic resonance signal was present in the PAs throughout the cardiac cycle in patients with severe PA hypertension (more than 90 mm Hg) and was absent during systole in normal subjects. A signal within the PAs in systole is consistent with decreased flow velocity in patients with severe PA hypertension. MRI was useful in detecting each of the congenital anatomic defects in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. This study indicates the potential of MRI for evaluating the severity of PA hypertension by providing direct measurements of RV wall thickness and PA diameter and by detecting abnormal intraluminal signal intensity during the cardiac cycle.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension. 407 27

The blood pressures (BP) of the parents of a group of students were determined and two subgroups of students were defined, one with (PHT group) and one without (PNT group) a familial predisposition to hypertension. Observations were made in both groups during three periods of modified dietary electrolyte intake: (i) no-added sodium (low Na), (ii) no added sodium with potassium supplementation (low Na/high K), and (iii) sodium supplementation (high Na). The diets were given in random order. At the start of the trial, while the students continued their customary diet, the PHT group had higher systolic and diastolic pressures and plasma noradrenaline levels than the PNT group. At the end of 4 weeks of the high Na diet, the BP levels of both groups were significantly higher than those after the low Na diet. In contrast, when the low Na diet was supplemented for 2 weeks with potassium, BPs of the PHT group fell significantly, while those of the PNT group rose slightly. BP in the PHT group was significantly lower during the low Na/high K than during the high Na diet (systolic 10.5 mm Hg +/- 2.3 SE; diastolic 11.2 +/- 2.5, the changes being significantly different from those in the PNT group. The changes in plasma renin and aldosterone were similar in both groups during the different diets. Plasma noradrenaline fell in the PHT group, but rose in the PNT group when the low Na diet was supplemented with potassium. This fall in plasma noradrenaline in the PHT group during the low Na/high K diet correlated with the falls in systolic and diastolic BP. It is concluded that whereas young adults with a familial predisposition to hypertension behave similarly to those without such a predisposition in having a pressor response to a high sodium intake, they are peculiar in showing a depressor response to a high potassium intake.
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PMID:Blood pressure and hormonal changes following alteration in dietary sodium and potassium in young men with and without a familial predisposition to hypertension. 610 98

We studied the effects of a chronic increase in flow and of chronic hypertension on regional pulmonary blood volume and extravascular lung density (lung tissue and interstitial water per unit thoracic volume) in one group of patients with intracardiac, left-to-right shunt and in another group with Eisenmenger's syndrome or primary pulmonary hypertension. We used positron computerized tomography to measure regional lung density (transmission scans) and blood volume (labelling with 11CO). The distribution of pulmonary blood volume was more uniform in patients with a chronic increase in pulmonary blood flow than in normal subjects. There were also indications of an absolute increase in intrapulmonary blood volume. In patients with chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension, the regional distribution of blood volume was abnormally uniform, but there were no indications of substantial abnormalities in overall intrapulmonary blood volume.
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PMID:Regional pulmonary blood volume in patients with abnormal blood pressure or flow in the pulmonary circulation. 633 90

Some of the relatively easily measurable and possibly hypertension-associated parameters were evaluated in thirty normotensive young subjects divided into the PHT (either parent hypertensive) group and the PNT (both parents normotensive) group. In subjects of the PHT group, the platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased while urinary kallikrein excretion was decreased without simultaneously significant elevation of blood pressure. The enhanced platelet aggregating sensitivity to the arachidonic acid and the increased ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol suggest that subjects with a positive family history of hypertension might have a greater tendency to atherosclerosis and could contribute to the development of essential hypertension. Decreased urinary kallikrein excretion suggests that the vasodepressive activity of the kallikrein-kinin system might be inhibited in subjects with a positive family history of hypertension.
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PMID:Relation of family history of hypertension to platelet aggregation, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and urinary kallikrein excretion. 643 May 81

To estimate the severity of right ventricular hypertension noninvasively, the two-dimensional echocardiograms of 86 patients were examined--26 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD group), 22 with rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD group), 12 with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH group) and 26 with tetralogy of Fallot (Fallot group)--and data were compared with those of 20 normal persons. The interventricular septal (IVS) curvature index (delta r) from short axis view correlated well with the ratio of right to left ventricular systolic pressure (RVP/LVP). When IVS became convex towards the right ventricular cavity, the correlative coefficient between delta r and RVP/LVP was r = 0.75 in the ASD group, r = 0.83 in the VHD group, r = 0.71 in the PPH group and r = 0.77 in the Fallot group. The RVP/LVP approached a plateau when IVS became straight or convex towards the left ventricular cavity. Two-dimensional echocardiography provides a useful means to assess the right ventricular systolic pressure non-invasively.
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PMID:Evaluation of right ventricular pressure by two-dimensional echocardiography. 650 37

Although pulmonary involvement commonly occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pulmonary vascular hypertension has rarely been reported. Two patients with SLE had pulmonary hypertension without underlying pulmonary parenchymal or cardiac disease. The first patient's condition was initially diagnosed as primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and full-blown SLE subsequently developed. The second patient had well-established SLE when respiratory symptoms secondary to underlying pulmonary hypertension developed. There is a possible relationship between connective tissue diseases and PPH.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary vascular hypertension. 670 30

A patient with both extrahepatic portal hypertension and primary pulmonary hypertension is reported. The pulmonary hypertension developed without a surgical portal-systemic shunt, and at autopsy there was no evidence of a large spontaneous shunt. This association of pulmonary arterial hypertension and portal venous hypertension without either intrinsic liver disease or a large portal-systemic anastomosis has not been reported previously. Our case supports the concept that portal hypertension with its attendant portal-systemic collateral circulation may be the major predisposing cause of pulmonary hypertension both in intrinsic liver disease and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension: an unusual case associated with extrahepatic portal hypertension. 686 72

Primary, left-sided cardiac tumors are a rare cause of unexplained pulmonary hypertension. We describe herein two patients with leiomyosarcoma of the left atrium, who were initially seen with symptoms suggestive of primary pulmonary hypertension, venoocclusive disease, or multiple, small thromboemboli. Postmortem examination showed extension of the leiomyosarcoma into the pulmonary veins, which resulted in pulmonary venous hypertension. Although unusual, the occurrence of left-sided cardiac neoplasms should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who are initially seen with unexplained pulmonary hypertension. An open lung biopsy should be considered and may indicate a venous origin for the hypertension.
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PMID:Left atrial leiomyosarcoma: manifestation as unexplained pulmonary vascular disease. 712 74

Diastolic bulging of the interventricular septum (IVS) toward the left ventricle was observed by real-time cross-sectional echocardiography in three patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and one patient with secondary pulmonary hypertension after closure of an atrial septal defect. M-mode echocardiography showed a characteristic abnormal pattern of septal motion in diastole and in systole. In two patients, we attempted to correlate M-mode motion to the interventricular pressure gradient. During diastole, the interventricular pressure gradient between the left and right ventricles was negative and the pressure gradient curve was very similar to the M-mode echogram of the IVS. Banding studies in which acute right ventricular hypertension was produced in dogs showed similar shape changes, suggesting that the diastolic shape and motion of the septum are determined by the interventricular pressure gradient between the ventricles. Diastolic bulging of the IVS toward the left ventricle in our patients results from negative interventricular pressure gradient between the left and right ventricles during diastole.
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PMID:Diastolic bulging of the interventricular septum toward the left ventricle. An echocardiographic manifestation of negative interventricular pressure gradient between left and right ventricles during diastole. 739 17


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