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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analgesic-induced renal disease occurs more commonly than is recognized; unless specific inquiry is made, it is seldom diagnosed. Patients with chronic pain, especially those with hypertension, urinary tract infection, or renal insufficiency, should be suspect. The condition is preventable and even in the late stages is manageable if recognized. Analgesic abuse may result in end-stage renal disease; it accounts for a significant percentage of patients entering chronic hemodialysis or renal transplant programs.
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PMID:Analgesic nephropathy--a continuing problem. 99 79

The past decade has seen important progress in understanding the localization, pharmacology, and function of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes. At least seven subclasses have been shown to exist, and evidence is emerging to suggest further subclassification. Serotonin is involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g. feeding, sleep, pain, sexual behavior, temperature regulation) and pathophysiological ones. Serotonin reuptake blockers have been found effective in the alleviation of depression and attacks of panic, and are at varying stages of clinical evaluation in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain, and bulimia nervosa. Selective potent serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists show promise in the treatment of migraine, nausea and vomiting, schizophrenia, anxiety, hypertension, and Raynaud's disease.
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PMID:[New therapeutic possibilities with drugs affecting serotonin receptors]. 150 27

Twenty consecutive, chronic low back pain patients admitted to our pain treatment unit completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire (an instrument that detects a cognitive style that is correlated with, and that predicts, depression) and the Beck Depression Inventory. An age, sex, and education-matched group of normal subjects, a group of patients with asymptomatic essential hypertension, and a group of patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis treatment served as controls. The majority of the chronic-pain and renal-dialysis patients had elevated depression scores, whereas none of the normal subjects or hypertensive patients were outside the nondepressed range. The Attributional Style scores of the pain and renal dialysis patients were significantly deviant from the normal control group, but no more so than those of the patients with hypertension. The results of this study suggest that individuals with a chronic medical condition, either symptomatic (chronic low back pain or renal disease) or asymptomatic (essential hypertension) in nature, develop an attributional style characteristic of depression. These data neither lend support nor refute the thesis that chronic pain syndromes are a variant of, or a masked, depression. Rather, this research implies that a more important question is what identifiable risk factors (for example, attributional style) predispose patients with chronic pain to develop a depressive illness.
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PMID:Chronic low back pain, depression, and attributional style. 215 7

This comparative descriptive study investigated differences in perceived body space and self-esteem in adult males with and without chronic low back pain. Results indicated that no significant differences existed between the two groups. Ancillary findings indicated that adult males with chronic low back pain were more depressed than adult males with hypertension. Those with continuous chronic pain demonstrated higher depression scores and lower self-esteem scores than did those experiencing intermittent chronic pain.
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PMID:Perceived body space and self-esteem in adult males with and without chronic low back pain. 252 43

Chronic pain emotional stress (PES), paired action of the white noise and electric skin stimulation and chronic (during 7 months) ethanol consumption in white rats were shown to act in the same direction. Hypertension, decrease of respiratory rate and increase of Hildebrandt index were observed as a result of PES, ethanol consumption, and especially under PES during ethanol consumption. Ethanol consumption by the animals led to their growth retardation and increase of the spleen and heart mass. Accidental thymus involution was noted both under ethanol consumption and PES. Activation of lipid peroxidation and decrease of superoxide dismutase activity (of its mitochondrial form especially) as well as of Na+,K+-ATP-ase activity were observed in brain homogenates of the rats after PES, while the general ATP-ase activity remained unchanged. An increase of triiodothyronine level and the tendency to thyroxine level increase as well as a decrease of superoxide dismutase activity were observed in the blood serum of these animals. A tendency towards lipid peroxidation level decrease and to brain superoxide dismutase activity increase, as well as blood antioxidation activity increase (evaluated by transferrin and coeruloplasmin contents and by serum superoxide dismutase activity) and a decrease of thyroxine level were observed as a result of ethanol consumption. The mechanisms are discussed of the "anti-stress" action of short-term ethanol consumption and of the action of its chronic consumption, additive to PES.
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PMID:[Effect of chronic ethanol consumption on emotional stress in the white rat]. 294 40

Although the exact cause of DVT is not known, venous thrombosis and its sequelae remain important clinical problems. Pulmonary embolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized population, and the postthrombotic syndrome affects a large portion of the general population. While specific screening tests are not readily available to detect those patients who are likely to develop DVT, certain clinical risk factors have been identified that predispose to thrombosis. These groups include patients undergoing a wide variety of surgical procedures, patients with cardiac disease or cancer, pregnant or postpartum women, and individuals with previous history of DVT. The diagnosis of thrombosis is based on clinical findings and must be confirmed with appropriate laboratory tests. While contrast venography remains the gold standard, noninvasive tests have become increasingly more accurate. The recent use of real-time B-mode ultrasonic imaging and duplex sonography for the diagnoses of DVT has been shown to be efficacious. The postthrombotic syndrome with its associated chronic pain and ulcerations remains a significant clinical problem. The general diagnosis of this condition is readily made on clinical grounds in the advanced state. However, exact knowledge of the location and cause of the venous pathology can only be obtained using objective diagnostic tests. Older noninvasive and invasive tests may diagnose the presence of venous obstruction, valvular incompetence, and also may document venous hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Venous thrombosis: the clinical problem. 307 72

This study reports the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in psychiatric patients in India. The psychosomatic disorders studied were hypertension, peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ischaemic heart disease and chronic pain. 21.5% of psychiatric patients had psychosomatic illnesses. Fifty five cases had two psychosomatic illnesses. Chronic pain (14.4%) and hypertension (9.9%) were the commonest. Patients with psychosomatic disorders were significantly more often older in age, females, married and from an urban habitat. Neurotic illness was the commonest diagnosis in them. Psychosis was significantly and inversely associated with psychosomatic disorders. This report emphasises the need for as much attention on psychosomatic problems in developing countries as in affluent ones.
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PMID:Psychosomatic disorders in psychiatric patients in a developing country. 341 Jun 57

Family morbidity in chronic pain patients could indicate genetic vulnerability to depressive spectrum disorders or presence of pain behaviour models. Assessment of family morbidity is an area of chronic pain research which has been neglected. In the present study, the frequency and nature of the family psychiatric morbidity of 203 consecutive chronic pain patients has been assessed and compared with that of 140 non-pain psychiatric patients. 30% of chronic pain patients and 33.6% of non-pain psychiatric patients had family psychiatric morbidity. The commonest illness in families of pain patients were found to be alcoholism, psychosomatic disorders and chronic pain. Schizophrenia and affective disorders were reported significantly more often in families of non-pain patients. 53% of psychogenic pain disorder patients had a positive family morbidity. Alcoholism among male relatives, and chronic pain and hypertension more often among female relatives, was another significant observation. No significant difference was found between chronic pain patients with and without family morbidity with regard to socio-demographic variables and clinical diagnosis.
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PMID:Family morbidity in chronic pain patients. 367 Aug 67

Brain function can be affected by the availability of dietary precursors of neurotransmitters. This occurs because the rate-limiting synthetic enzymes are not "saturated" with substrate under normal circumstances. Tyrosine affects catecholaminergic neurons that fire rapidly, whether in the brain stem to decrease blood pressure in hypertension or in the adrenal gland to increase blood pressure in hypotension, and has been used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and depression. Choline forms acetylcholine and has been used successfully in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and memory disorders. Tryptophan, which forms serotonin, has been used for chronic pain therapy, sleep disorders, depression, and appetite control. Although these substances may lack the potency of traditionally used agonists, they offer an increase in specificity because the enzymes necessary to convert them to neurotransmitters are found only in neurons. Precursors are also "physiological"; they are consumed as foods and, therefore, should be relatively safe therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Neurotransmitter precursors and brain function. 612 95

This study examines the relationship between MMPI scales and functional limitation for the chronic illness populations of chronic low back pain, migraine headache, hypertension and diabetes. Average MMPI profiles for these groups approximate those of previous studies with the chronic low back group having the most disturbed profile and showing elevations especially on the Hs, Hy and D scales. Several kinds of analyses, however, demonstrate that, in general, the MMPI group differences can be accounted for by individual self-rated functional limitation. The data do not support attempts at defining a low back pain or chronic pain personality profile apart from the emotional disturbance associated with chronic limitation and disruption of activity.
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PMID:Does the MMPI differentiate chronic illness from chronic pain? 621 8


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