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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conclusive evidence of improved outcome due to adjunctive anxiolytic therapy in some somatic conditions is lacking. However, such therapy may facilitate patient management without being "curative". The resulting improved feeling of well-being may be of value in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, migraine and myocardial infarction. Negative effects may be observed in acute respiratory conditions, especially during acute exacerbations of chronic conditions, with the administration of benzodiazepines; hence they should be used with caution. The use of these agents in treating persons with hypertension seems to be of no value and may even be detrimental. Careful evaluation of each case is desirable, and treatment should be planned with its termination in mind.
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PMID:Minor tranquillizers in somatic disorders. 2 8

In a large cohort of women, the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage was significantly associated both with cigarette smoking and with use of oral contraceptives (O.C.S.). The risk of cigarette smokers was 5.7 times that of non-smokers; for current users of O.C.S. the risk was 6.5 times that of non-users. The risk in women who both smoked cigarettes and used O.C.S was 22 times that of women who neither smoked nor used O.C.S. Past use of O.C.S was also significantly associated with increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage, the relative risk being 5.3. There was some evidence that risk may increase with duration of O.C. use. In this series no significant associations were found between occurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage and history of hypertension or of migraine headache.
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PMID:Use of oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking, and risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage. 7 30

60 migraine patients completed elimination diets after a 5-day period of withdrawal from their normal diet. 52 (87%) of these patients had been using oral contraceptive steroids, tobacco, and/or ergotamine for an average of 3 years, 22 years, and 7.4 years respectively. The commonest foods causing reactions were wheat (78%), orange (65%), eggs (45%), tea and coffee (40% each), chocolate and milk (37%) each), beef (35%), and corn, cane sugar, and yeast (33% each). When an average of ten common foods were avoided there was a dramatic fall in the number of headaches per month, 85% of patients becoming headache-free. The 25% of patients with hypertension became normotensive. Chemicals in the home environment can make this testing difficult for outpatients. Both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms may play a part in the pathogenesis of migraine caused by food intolerance.
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PMID:Food allergies and migraine. 8 28

Cerebral circulatory disturbances occurred in 42 women between the ages of 17 and 52 who were taking oral contraceptives. The disturbances were primarily in the form of cerebral haemorrhages. The symptoms ranged from ephemeral neurological deficiencies to massive hemi-syndromes. Complete remission occurred in 16 patients, partial remission in 24 patients, two patients died. The patients were subdivided into two age groups, one comprising 31 persons between 17 and 39, and the other 11 persons between 41 and 52 years of age. The aim was to ascertain facts which were related to the possibility of haemorrhage in women taking ovulation inhibitors. The first finding, statistically significant, was that the possibility of a cerebro-vascular disturbance increases with the period during which the pill is taken and that this possibility is especially great in the presence of migraine which may also be existent in the family, and in the case of hypertension. The second finding, not significant however, was that the risk was higher in the presence of several factors in one person. These factors include familial factors with a predisposition to migraine and thrombosis, past illnesses of the peripheral vascular system, a predisposition to allergic reactions, obesity and kidney damage. Should one of these situations or both prevail, the patient will be advised to stop taking the pill, and the contraceptive will be discontinued if certain prodromes are observed in a general form, or if focal symptoms occur.
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PMID:[Acute cerebrovascular disorders caused by ovulation inhibitors]. 12 80

There is a definite need for replacement estrogen therapy in menopausal women exhibiting vasomotor symptoms or osteoporosis, particularly if the woman has had bilateral oophorectomy. There is a less clearly defined need in women complaining of emotional symptoms. Atrophic vaginitis and trigonitis is usually best treated with topical application of estrogen, which does not have systemic side effects if used weekly; more frequent use can lead to vascular absorption. Some of the problems associated with estrogen replacement are dose-related and can be eliminated by using smaller dosages. Uterine bleeding can usually be controlled by administering cyclically with progesterine. Hypertension, thrombosis, and adenocarcinoma are problems associated with administration of exogenous estrogens; use should be undertaken with great care in women exhibiting these conditions and patients should be followed closely to make sure such conditions are not developing. Other conditions which may worsen with estrogen therapy are diabetes mellitus, seizure disorders, migraine, multiple sclerosis, collagen diseases, cholelithiasis, and hyperlipidemia. None except hyperlipidemia is an absolute contraindication but risk/benefit ratios must be considered carefully in these cases.
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PMID:Estrogens for the menopause. Maximizing benefits, minimizing risks. 19 9

Clinical pharmacology of the steroidal oral contraceptives (OCs) is reviewed. The review includes: effectiveness and mechanism of action; structure-activity relationship; minor side effects (estrogen excess, estrogen deficiency, progestogen excess, progestogen deficiency, management of minor side effects); major side effects (thromboembolic disease, hypertension, OCs and neoplasia); and selection of an OC (effectiveness, safety, patient acceptability). Over the past 2 decades the steroidal OCs have proved to be among the most effective pharmacologic products ever marketed. OCs have proved to be relatively benign in terms of morbidity and mortality. Because the decision to use OCs is complex, only contraindications to its use have been considered here. Absolute contraindications include: 1) history of cerebrovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, thrombophlebitis, or conditions predisposing to these disorders; 2) active liver disease or impaired liver function; 3) carcinoma of the breast; 4) estrogen-dependent neoplasia; 5) undiagnosed genital bleeding; and 6) pregnancy. Relative contraindications include: 1) women over age 40; 2) migraine headaches; 3) Hypertension; 4) leiomyomata of the uterus; 5) epilepsy; and 6) history of idiopathic jaundice of prepregnancy. There is no firm evidence that OC use results in an increased incidence of benign neoplasms of the liver and breast.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of the steroidal oral contraceptives. 37 70

This paper reviews biofeedback research from the perspective of cybernetic/feedback theory and applies the theory to the behavioral treatment of psychosomatic disorders. The concept of disregulation is used to elucidate how environmental factors can modulate the central nervous system and effect homeostatic, self-regulatory control of peripheral organs. When feedback from peripheral organs is disrupted, it is hypothesized that disregulation occurs, leading to physiological instability and functional disease. Within this framework, biofeedback provides a new feedback loop that can help individuals regain physiological self-control. Basic research using biofeedback to enhance self-regulation of cardiovascular responses is reviewed. The use of biofeedback in the behavioral treatment of disorders such as tension and migraine headache, hypertension, and epilepsy are selectively reviewed and critically evaluated. The need to consider feedback mechanisms in behavioral and biomedical approaches to treatment is highlighted. Predictions regarding the potential inadvertent perpetuation of disregulation and disease through inappropriate biomedical intervention is also considered.
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PMID:Biofeedback and the behavioral treatment of disorders of disregulation. 39 67

Biofeedback is a behavioral method of achieving or enhancing voluntary control of physiological processes. Basic studies indicate that a variety of autonomic nervous system and other internal bodily changes can be modified with the method. It has been shown that specific responses and patterns of responses can be controlled. Biofeedback appears to be a promising method of altering symptoms of psychophysiological and medical disorders, e.g., high blood pressure, vascular changes in migraine, neuromuscular abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmias. This research has stimulated a renewed interest in the role of behavior and the usefulness of behavioral principles in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of medical disorders. The term 'behavioral medicine' calls attention to this new perspective in medicine.
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PMID:Biofeedback and behavioral medicine: an overview. 48 45

Ischaemic optic neuropathy is a well recognised cause of sudden visual loss in middle and late life. It is characterised by painless visual impairment, pale swelling of the optic disc and nerve fibre bundle field defects. Although some cases are due to cranial arteritis, the majority of patients suffer from non-arteritic diseases, particularly hypertension. The present study consists of a reveiw of 22 cases of ischaemic optic neuropathy. Apart from cranial arteritis and vascular disease, migraine and trauma appear to have a causal relationship to the disorder.
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PMID:Ischaemic optic neuropathy. 55 Sep 42

A detailed questionnaire concerning life history of headache and its characteristics was administered to 1,809 nonmedical volunteers. Questions dealt with severity of headache, the nature of preceding and accompanying phenomena (nausea, visual scotomata, neurologic symptoms), precipitating factors, and history of other illness. For the total sample and in the 25 to 39 age group, severe or disabling headaches were significantly more frequent in women and mild headaches were significantly more common in men. Migraine characteristics were common with mild headache. An association between hypertension and severe headache was found in women, between asthma and severe headache in men.
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PMID:Characteristics of life headache histories in a nonclinic population. 55 63


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