Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reye's syndrome (RS) has been defined by the CDC as an acute non-inflammatory encephalopathy and hepatopathy, with no reasonable explanation for the cerebral and hepatic abnormalities. The diagnosis of RS is made by a constellation of clinical and laboratory features, none of which are pathognomonic. The demonstration of a fatty infiltration on liver biopsy is not really specific. On the other hand, the mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities appear to be characteristic of RS. Cerebral edema with intracranial hypertension represents the most immediate threat to life, the cause of the encephalopathy being unknown. The treatment of RS consists in perfusion of hypertonic glucose solution and management of intracranial hypertension. Grade I RS should be recognized early and treated with intravenous glucose. A number of metabolic disorders may yield a clinical picture resembling RS. These include disturbances of organic acid metabolism, urea cycle defects, and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The pathogenesis of RS is a mitochondrial insult induced by different viruses, drugs, exogenous toxins, and genetic factors. In the USA, pilot studies showed that a majority of RS cases may be attributable to salicylate use. In France, RS remains unfrequent although no precise epidemiological data are available. An epidemiological study appears therefore necessary for a better understanding of this mysterious syndrome. There is a need for a biological marker of the mitochondrial injury.
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PMID:[Reye's syndrome. A current entity which remains enigmatic]. 305 99

A random sample of males aged 20-69 years and living in one of the administrative districts of Moscow was studied. The total number of those enrolled was 1225, and they were studied for the incidence of dyslipoproteinemias and coronary heart disease (CHD) in relation to the level of glycemia, basal insulinemia, diabetes mellitus or impaired tolerance to glucose. It was shown that the effect of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism is largely determined by the level of insulinemia and is mediated through the development of dyslipoproteinemias. The prevalence of CHD without dyslipoproteinemias as well as in combination with arterial hypertension or an excessive body weight did not depend on the level of glycemia and baseline insulinemia or the presence of diabetes mellitus. Hyperinsulinemia was found to be associated with types of dyslipoproteinemias most unfavourable in terms of CHD development.
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PMID:[Role of blood insulin in the etiology of dyslipoproteinemias and ischemic heart disease in males aged 20-69 years]. 639 68

Sample examination of the population aged 25-64 basing on the disease history, fasting blood glucose test, glucose tolerance test, WHO criteria, diabetes mellitus was found in 6% of males and 6.9% of females. Only 2.7% of males and 3.1% of females were aware of their disease. Glucose tolerance test discovered abnormal carbohydrate tolerance in 5.6% and 13.3% of male and female examinees, respectively. Thus, a total of 12.2% of males and 20.2% of females had various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes mellitus patients had often hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, hypertension, low 10-year survival.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus: its prevalence, relationship to the risk factors for IHD and prognostic importance (an epidemiological study)]. 864 21

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease, predominantly seen in middle-aged female patients. Histopathologically, OLP includes parakeratosis with T-lymphocyte subepithelial infiltration. In etiology of OLP, chronically liver and biliary diseases, stress-induced hypertension, inheritance and most commonly carbohydrate metabolism disorders including diabetes mellitus are mentioned. Considering the autoimmune nature of the illness and the role of the HLA DR 3/4 antigens in development of diabetes mellitus we hypothesized that the same antigens could play role in the development of OLP. We examined 50 unrelated Croatian patients (5 males) from Institute of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of OLP. They were all tested for HLA DR and compared with 1089 Croatian controls that underwent the tissue standardization in fathership cases. OLP patients had blood sugar level controlled, and those with HLA DR 3/4 and those with blood sugar level higher then 5.6 mmol/l additionally underwent standard oral glucose tolerance test. Carbohydrate metabolism disorder was found in 13 OLP patients (26%) while 10 of them (20%) had diabetes mellitus type I. This finding is 400 times more frequent than is appearance of diabetes in healthy controls (0.05%) in Croatia.
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PMID:Oral lichen planus and HLA DR. 995 Nov 48

The worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is a crucial health problem. Since disorder of carbohydrate metabolism causes arteriosclerosis in combination with other metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, it has now been recognized as one manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by insulin resistance. In this article, we summarize the current our knowledge on how disorder of carbohydrate metabolism influences insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis in part of metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:[Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism]. 1520 46

Insulin resistance is defined as a glucose homeostasis disorder involving a decreased sensitivity of muscles, adipose tissue, liver and other body tissues to insulin, despite its normal or increased concentration in blood. Insulin resistance may be asymptomatic or occur presenting a variety of disorders, such as: glucose tolerance impairment, type 2 diabetes, as well as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, obesity, and arterial hypertension. Insulin acts via specific receptors present on the surface of most cells of the body. The greatest number of these receptors is found on adipocytes, hepatocytes and striated muscle cells. There are three mechanisms of insulin resistance: pre-receptor, receptor and post-receptor. Multiple methods of assessing insulin resistance are based on the concurrent measurements of glucose and insulin levels in blood serum. The glucose and insulin measurements are conducted in baseline conditions or after intravenous administration of a specific quantity of glucose or insulin. The methods of assessing insulin resistance are divided into direct and indirect. The current 'gold standard' in the assessment of insulin sensitivity is the determination of tissue glucose utilisation using the metabolic clamp technique. The presence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism has been demonstrated in thyroid disease involving either overt hyperthyroidism or overt hypothyroidism. The severity of the disease is proportional to the severity of these disorders. The possible influence of subclinical forms of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on carbohydrate disorders is still under discussion. Thyroid hormones have a significant effect on glucose metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. In hyperthyroidism, impaired glucose tolerance may be the result of mainly hepatic insulin resistance, whereas in hypothyroidism the available data suggests that the insulin resistance of peripheral tissues prevails.
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PMID:Insulin resistance and thyroid disorders. 2454 5